{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:59:11Z","timestamp":1786993151238,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","joms.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T19:23:22Z","timestamp":1562354602000},"page":"611.e1-611.e6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Maxillofacial Fracture Patterns in Military Casualties"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Amin","family":"Norozy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hosein","family":"Kalantar Motamedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Khoshmohabat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9785(83)80016-7","article-title":"Aetiology and incidence of facial fractures in adults","volume":"12","author":"Brook","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int J Oral Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2005.03.014","article-title":"Review of 509 mandibular fractures treated at the University Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt","volume":"44","author":"Sakr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(90)90088-3","article-title":"An analysis of mandibular fractures in Dundee, Scotland (1977 to 1985)","volume":"28","author":"Adi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200009000-00007","article-title":"Epidemiology of maxillofacial injuries at trauma hospitals in Ontario, Canada, between 1992 and 1997","volume":"49","author":"Hogg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2003.07.010","article-title":"Maxillofacial fractures in Hamedan province, Iran: A retrospective study (1987-2001)","volume":"32","author":"Ansari","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2001.0056","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of 1502 patients with facial fractures","volume":"30","author":"Iida","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib7","series-title":"Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma","author":"Fonseca","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-013-0583-7","article-title":"Patterns of maxillofacial fractures in Goa","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.01.020","article-title":"The pattern of maxillofacial fractures in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates: A review of 230 cases","volume":"98","author":"Al Ahmed","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.06.028","article-title":"Oral and maxillofacial injuries in civilians during training at military garrisons: Prevalence and causes","volume":"114","author":"Motamedi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/160.3.121","article-title":"Maxillofacial war injuries in civilians and servicemen during the aggression against Croatia","volume":"160","author":"Aljinovi\u0107-Ratkovi\u0107","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2003.50049","article-title":"An assessment of maxillofacial fractures: A 5-year study of 237 patients","volume":"61","author":"Motamedi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofacial Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.06.006","article-title":"Characterization of craniomaxillofacial battle injuries sustained by United States service members in the current conflicts of Iraq and Afghanistan","volume":"68","author":"Lew","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofacial Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S453","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182754868","article-title":"Ten years of war: A characterization of craniomaxillofacial injuries incurred during operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom","volume":"73","author":"Chan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(97)90060-4","article-title":"Management of maxillofacial injuries in the Iran-Iraq War","volume":"55","author":"Akhlaghi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofacial Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2001.0199","article-title":"Maxillofacial injuries caused by terrorist bomb attack in Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"31","author":"Odhiambo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofacial Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-14-00345","article-title":"Characteristics of maxillofacial injuries and safety of in-theater facial fracture repair in severe combat trauma","volume":"180","author":"Keller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318256514a","article-title":"Characterization of midface fractures incurred in recent wars","volume":"23","author":"Kittle","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181e17ab5","article-title":"Facial trauma in Operation Iraqi Freedom casualties: An outcomes study of patients treated from April 2006 through October 2006","volume":"21","author":"Salinas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2002.0208","article-title":"Serious facial fractures in New Zealand from 1979 to 1998","volume":"31","author":"Kieser","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.07.023","article-title":"Epidemiological analysis of maxillofacial fractures in Brazil: A 5-year prospective study","volume":"102","author":"Brasileiro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(02)00168-3","article-title":"Cranio-maxillofacial trauma: A 10 year review of 9,543 cases with 21,067 injuries","volume":"31","author":"Gassner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib23","series-title":"Broken bones: Anthropological analysis of blunt force trauma","author":"Wedel","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-011-0280-y","article-title":"Factors influencing the incidence of maxillofacial fractures","volume":"16","author":"Chrcanovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofacial Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib25","first-page":"29","article-title":"Incidence and patterns of fractures of mandible, midface or both using CT scan in trauma patients","volume":"3","author":"Chalkoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Oral Health Dent"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib26","first-page":"S80","article-title":"Distribution assessment of maxillofacial fractures in trauma admitted patients in Yazd hospitals: An epidemiologic study","volume":"8","author":"Momeni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dent Res J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2009.10.013","article-title":"Maxillofacial injuries in military personnel treated at the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine June 2001 to December 2007","volume":"48","author":"Breeze","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib28","first-page":"836","article-title":"Head, face, and neck injuries during Operation Iraqi Freedom II: Results from the US Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry","volume":"63","author":"Wade","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib29","first-page":"295","article-title":"Combat wounds in operation Iraqi Freedom and operation enduring freedom","volume":"64","author":"Owens","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9785(86)80005-9","article-title":"Maxillofacial fractures sustained in bicycle accidents","volume":"15","author":"Lindqvist","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofacial Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(99)80055-1","article-title":"Changes in the pattern of fractures of the maxillofacial skeleton","volume":"28","author":"Van Beek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-4356(03)00165-7","article-title":"Analysis of the pattern of maxillofacial fractures in Kaduna, Nigeria","volume":"41","author":"Adebayo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2011.00996.x","article-title":"Pattern of maxillofacial fractures at a tertiary hospital in northern India: A 4-year retrospective study of 718 patients","volume":"27","author":"Gandhi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2001.0166","article-title":"Maxillofacial trauma due to work-related accidents","volume":"31","author":"H\u00e4chl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(00)90341-0","article-title":"Current trends in the treatment of maxillofacial injuries in the United States","volume":"58","author":"Laskin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e416","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31825dad8f","article-title":"Mandibular angle fracture treated with new three-dimensional grid miniplate","volume":"23","author":"de Melo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191_bib37","series-title":"Manual of Internal Fixation in the Cranio-Facial Skeleton","author":"Prein","year":"1998"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278239119308225?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278239119308225?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T17:00:12Z","timestamp":1759510812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278239119308225"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0278239119308225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-2391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-2391","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Maxillofacial Fracture Patterns in Military Casualties","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2019.06.191","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}