{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T10:06:18Z","timestamp":1780308378375,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","joms.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:15:44Z","timestamp":1768868144000},"page":"938-947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Successful Treatment of Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia With Topical Imiquimod"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6831-6817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke","family":"Tzagournis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5506-7400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rekha","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(85)90313-5","article-title":"Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A long-term study of thirty patients","volume":"60","author":"Hansen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815586779","article-title":"Optimal management of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia","volume":"153","author":"Abadie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26006","article-title":"Potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity and oral dysplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of malignant transformation rate by subtype","volume":"42","author":"Iocca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13178","article-title":"Recurrences following treatment of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Proa\u00f1o-Haro","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2003.00167.x","article-title":"Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: High incidence of gingival squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"32","author":"Bagan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12818","article-title":"Molecular classification of autofluorescence excision margins in oral potentially malignant disorders","volume":"24","author":"Farah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24845","article-title":"Management of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: Justification for a conservative approach","volume":"39","author":"Borgna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.12.066","article-title":"Lack of association between proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and human papillomavirus infection","volume":"65","author":"Bagan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3669","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13153669","article-title":"A scoping review on gaps in the diagnostic criteria for proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A conceptual proposal and diagnostic evidence-based criteria","volume":"13","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Moles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13246","article-title":"Malignant development of proliferative verrucous\/multifocal leukoplakia: A critical systematic review, meta-analysis and proposal of diagnostic criteria","volume":"51","author":"Lafuente Ibanez de Mendoza","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2004.08.007","article-title":"Imiquimod for the treatment of skin cancer","volume":"23","author":"Burns","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13235","article-title":"Imiquimod in dermatology: An overview","volume":"55","author":"Hanna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08265.x","article-title":"Imiquimod: Mode of action","volume":"157 Suppl 2","author":"Sch\u00f6n","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.10.1347","article-title":"Imiquimod: A topically applied link between innate and acquired immunity","volume":"139","author":"Hurwitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3315\/jdcr.2015.1192","article-title":"Recalcitrant oral squamous cell papilloma lesions in two HIV-infected patients successfully treated with topical imiquimod","volume":"9","author":"Esquivel-Pedraza","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dermatol Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.557","article-title":"Oral florid papillomatosis: Topical treatment with 5% imiquimod in orabase","volume":"8","author":"Ruiz-Huertas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2009.00954.x","article-title":"Treatment of focal epithelial hyperplasia with topical imiquimod: Report of three cases","volume":"26","author":"Yasar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2017.04.008","article-title":"Topical imiquimod for the palliative treatment of recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"3","author":"Wester","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12413","article-title":"Successful treatment of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia with 5% topical imiquimod","volume":"30","author":"Martinez-Lopez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2016.01.030","article-title":"Treatment of oral dysplasia with 5% imiquimod cream: Short communication","volume":"54","author":"Mullins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaomr.jiaomr_147_20","article-title":"To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of topical 5% imiquimod in cases of oral leukoplakia: A pilot study","volume":"33","author":"Mane","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2008.05.016","article-title":"Potentially malignant disorders of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa; terminology, classification and present concepts of management","volume":"45","author":"van der Waal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.15069","article-title":"Imiquimod for the treatment of oral leukoplakia: A two-center retrospective study","volume":"31","author":"Sroussi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1473889","article-title":"Eradication of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia with toll-like receptor 7 agonist (topical imiquimod): A case report","volume":"14","author":"Townsend","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Oncol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278239126000376?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278239126000376?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T09:33:30Z","timestamp":1780306410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278239126000376"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0278239126000376"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-2391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-2391","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Successful Treatment of Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia With Topical Imiquimod","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2026.01.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}