{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T20:19:23Z","timestamp":1761164363548,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","jopan.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,30]],"date-time":"2009-01-30T04:51:42Z","timestamp":1233291102000},"page":"19-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Scientific Advances in the Genetic Understanding and Diagnosis of Malignant Hyperthermia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"John F.","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet A.","family":"Secrest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Jack","family":"McClarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib1","unstructured":"Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States. What is\u00a0malignant hyperthermia? Available at: http:\/\/www.mhaus.org\/index.cfm\/fuseaction\/OnlineBrochures.Display\/BrochurePK\/8AABF3FB-13B0-430F-BE20FB32516B02D6.cfm. Accessed April 6, 2007."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib2","unstructured":"Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States. Home page. Available at: http:\/\/medical.mhaus.org. Accessed March 5, 2008."},{"year":"2008","series-title":"Malignant hyperthermia (MH) guideline. In Perioperative Standards and Recommended Practices","author":"Association of periOperative Registered Nurses","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2007.07.005","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia: Hot stuff","volume":"22","author":"Noble","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Perianesth Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(60)92690-8","article-title":"Anaesthetic deaths in a family","volume":"2","author":"Denborough","year":"1960","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/34.6.395","article-title":"Anaesthetic deaths in a family","volume":"34","author":"Denborough","year":"1962","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197201000-00008","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia of swine","volume":"36","author":"Jones","year":"1972","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197606000-00005","article-title":"Dantrolene in porcine malignant hyperthermia","volume":"44","author":"Gronert","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9310","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)76541-7","article-title":"Abnormal sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine receptor in malignant hyperthermia","volume":"263","author":"Mickelson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"year":"2002","series-title":"The Neuman Systems Model","author":"Neuman","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib10"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197911000-00016","article-title":"Recrudescence after survival of an initial episode of malignant hyperthermia","volume":"51","author":"Mathieu","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199308000-00014","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia: A review of published cases","volume":"77","author":"Strazis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenberg H, Davis M, James D, et\u00a0al. Malignant hyperthermia. Orpha (November 2004). Available at: http:\/\/www.orpha.net\/data\/patho\/GB\/uk-malignant-hyperthermia.pdf. Accessed April 5, 2007.","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-2-21"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.2.168","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia and apparent heat stroke","volume":"286","author":"Tobin","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X9202000427","article-title":"Prolonged malignant hyperthermia in the absence of triggering agents","volume":"20","author":"Pollock","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000189596.70694.36","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia following systemic rewarming after hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"102","author":"Lichtman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03005703","article-title":"Acute febrile reaction complicating spinal anaesthesia in a survivor of malignant hyperthermia","volume":"23","author":"Katz","year":"1976","journal-title":"Can Anaesth Soc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199403000-00029","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia masked by capnographic monitoring","volume":"78","author":"Karan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199506000-00023","article-title":"Intraoperative hyperkalemia as a triggering mechanism or presenting sign of malignant hyperthermia in two patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"82","author":"Sprung","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib20","first-page":"455","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia: A case report","volume":"63","author":"Struebing","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Nurs Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib21","first-page":"461","article-title":"A case of suspected malignant hyperthermia during desflurane administration","volume":"85","author":"Michalek-Sauberer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/82.6.945","article-title":"Suspected recurrence of malignant hyperthermia after post-extubation shivering in the intensive care unit, 18 h after tonsillectomy","volume":"82","author":"Short","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200012000-00030","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia-like episode in Becker muscular dystrophy","volume":"93","author":"Kleopa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200301000-00034","article-title":"Delayed onset of malignant hyperthermia in desflurane anesthesia","volume":"96","author":"Hoenemann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/01.paf.0000137345.49901.93","article-title":"Pathologic findings in malignant hyperthermia: A case report and review of literature","volume":"25","author":"Christinasen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Forens Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000097172.44227.0D","article-title":"A suspected case of delayed onset malignant hyperthermia with desflurane anesthesia","volume":"98","author":"Papadimos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2007.09.036","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia in a liver transplant patient: A case report","volume":"39","author":"Fernandez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2006.02051.x","article-title":"Case report: Minor increase of endtidal CO2 during sevoflurane-induced malignant hyperthermia","volume":"17","author":"Bonciu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"year":"2005","series-title":"Miller's Anesthesia, vol. 1","author":"Miller","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib29"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib30","first-page":"81","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia following intravenous iodinated contrast media","volume":"3","author":"Mozley","year":"1981","journal-title":"Diagn Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01709525","article-title":"Fulminant malignant hyperthermia associated with ketoacidotic diabetic coma","volume":"22","author":"Wappler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199404000-00008","article-title":"A clinical grading scale to predict malignant hyperthermia susceptibility","volume":"80","author":"Larach","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198910000-00015","article-title":"Standardization of the caffeine halothane muscle contracture test","volume":"69","author":"Larach","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199001000-00014","article-title":"Caffeine and halothane contracture testing in swine using the recommendations of the North American malignant hyperthermia group","volume":"72","author":"Allen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199004000-00007","article-title":"Safety of general anesthesia in patients previously tested negative for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility","volume":"72","author":"Allen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A1013","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199009001-01011","article-title":"False positive diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility in control subjects using the North American caffeine halothane contracture test","volume":"73","author":"Larach","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199803000-00006","article-title":"The sensitivity and specificity of the caffeine-halothane contracture test: A report from the North American malignant hyperthermia registry","volume":"88","author":"Allen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199903000-00005","article-title":"Comparison of European and North American malignant hyperthermia diagnostic protocol outcomes for use in genetic studies","volume":"90","author":"Fletcher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/56.11.1267","article-title":"A protocol for the investigation of malignant hyperpyrexia","volume":"56","author":"European MH Group","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib40","first-page":"1155","article-title":"Comparison between the European and North American protocols for diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility in humans","volume":"88","author":"Islander","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesth Analag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib41","unstructured":"Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States. MH muscle biopsy centers (2007). Available at: http:\/\/medical.mhaus.org\/index.cfm\/fuseaction\/Content.Display\/PagePK\/BiopsyTestCenters.cfm. Accessed January 29, 2008."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib42","unstructured":"The European Malignant Hyperthermia Group. MH Units (2007). Available at: http:\/\/www.emhg.org\/index.php?option=com_content&;task=section&id=6&Itemid=54. Accessed January 28, 2008."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200201000-00036","article-title":"Testing for malignant hyperthermia","volume":"96","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1017\/S0265021506000858","article-title":"Follow-up of patients tested for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility","volume":"23","author":"Scala","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199201000-00003","article-title":"Prediction of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility in low-risk subjects: An epidemiologic investigation of caffeine halothane contracture responses","volume":"76","author":"Larach","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200008000-00042","article-title":"Between-center variability of results of the in vitro contracture test for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility","volume":"91","author":"Ording","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199307000-00003","article-title":"False-negative results with muscle caffeine halothane contracture testing for malignant hyperthermia","volume":"79","author":"Isaacs","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199606000-00014","article-title":"Chlorocresol, an additive to commercial succinylcholine, induces contracture of human malignant hyperthermia-susceptible muscles via activation of the ryanodine receptor calcium sup 2+ channel","volume":"84","author":"Tegazzin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)13345-2","article-title":"Chlorocresol: An activator of ryanodine receptor-mediated Ca2+ release","volume":"44","author":"Zorzato","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199906000-00031","article-title":"4-chloro-m-cresol is a trigger of malignant hyperthermia in susceptible swine","volume":"90","author":"Wappler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.6.1447","article-title":"Fatal malignant hyperthermia-like syndrome with rhabdomyolysis complicating the presentation of diabetes mellitus in adolescent males","volume":"111","author":"Hollander","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200307000-00003","article-title":"Multicentre evaluation of in vitro contracture testing with bolus administration of 4-chloro-m-cresol for diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility","volume":"20","author":"Wappler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200001000-00040","article-title":"A multicenter study of 4-chloro-m-cresol for diagnosing malignant hyperthermia susceptibility","volume":"90","author":"Baur","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib54","first-page":"44","article-title":"Ryanodine: A tool for the study of contraction mechanism in muscle","volume":"3","author":"Jenden","year":"1960","journal-title":"Proc Western Pharmacol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.48.5.807","article-title":"Effect of ryanodine on the calcium uptake system of skeletal muscle","volume":"48","author":"Fairhurst","year":"1962","journal-title":"Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/66.5.611","article-title":"Ryanodine contracture: A potentially specific in vitro diagnostic test for malignant hyperthermia","volume":"66","author":"Hopkins","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib57","first-page":"648","article-title":"An analysis of the predictive probability of the in vitro contracture test for determining susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia","volume":"84","author":"Hopkins","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200402000-00012","article-title":"Similar susceptibility to halothane, caffeine and ryanodine in vitro reflects pharmacogenetic variability of malignant hyperthermia","volume":"21","author":"Ginz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-5172.2004.00461.x","article-title":"Comparative analysis of in vitro contracture tests with ryanodine and a combination of ryanodine with either halothane or caffeine: A comparative investigation in malignant hyperthermia","volume":"48","author":"Bendahan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03018704","article-title":"The ryanodine contracture test may help diagnose susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia","volume":"50","author":"Reuter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200208000-00010","article-title":"Results of contracture tests with halothane, caffeine, and ryanodine depend on different malignant hyperthermia-associated ryanodine receptor gene mutations","volume":"97","author":"Fiege","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0065-2571(75)90025-4","article-title":"Some aspects of regulation of enzyme levels in muscle energy-supplying metabolism","volume":"13","author":"Pette","year":"1975","journal-title":"Adv Enzyme Reg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib63","first-page":"H8","article-title":"Pyruvate augments calcium transients and cell shortening in rat ventricular myocytes","volume":"274","author":"Martin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08506-9","article-title":"Diagnosis of susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia by use of a metabolic test","volume":"359","author":"Anetseder","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000189553.57833.11","article-title":"The dose-response relationship and regional distribution of lactate after intramuscular injection of halothane and caffeine in malignant hyperthermia-susceptibility pigs","volume":"102","author":"Schuster","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000281915.85577.1a","article-title":"Intramuscular injection of sevoflurane detects malignant hyperthermia predisposition in susceptible pigs","volume":"107","author":"Schuster","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2007.05173.x","article-title":"A minimally invasive metabolic test with intramuscular injection of halothane 5 and 6 vol % to detect probands at risk for malignant hyperthermia","volume":"62","author":"Schuster","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200601000-00015","article-title":"Effects of caffeine, halothane, and 4-chloro-m-cresol on skeletal muscle lactate and pyruvate in malignant hyperthermia-susceptible and normal swine as assessed by microdialysis","volume":"104","author":"Bina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5995","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.9.5995","article-title":"Skeletal muscle type ryanodine receptor is involved in calcium signaling in human B lymphocytes","volume":"274","author":"Sei","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200211000-00005","article-title":"Patients with malignant hyperthermia demonstrate an altered calcium control mechanism in B lymphocytes","volume":"95","author":"Sei","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880110304","article-title":"Detection of muscle injury in humans with 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"2","author":"McCully","year":"1988","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198804000-00006","article-title":"Non-invasive evaluation of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility with phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"68","author":"Olgin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib73","first-page":"36","article-title":"A blinded comparison of noninvasive, in vivo phosphorus nuclear magenetic resonance spectroscopy and the in vitro halothane\/caffeine contracture test in the evaluation of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility","volume":"72","author":"Olgin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anesth Analag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199305000-00007","article-title":"Improved noninvasive diagnostic testing for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility from a combination of metabolites determined in vivo with 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"78","author":"Payen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199801000-00017","article-title":"Sup 31 phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy characterization of muscular metabolid anomalies in patients with malignant hyperthermia: Application to diagnosis","volume":"88","author":"Bendahan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(90)82563-7","article-title":"Abnormal ryanidine receptor channels in malignant hyperthermia","volume":"57","author":"Fill","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/343559a0","article-title":"Ryanodine receptor gene is a candidate for predisposition to malignant hyperthermia","volume":"343","author":"MacLennan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/343562a0","article-title":"Localization of the malignant susceptibility locus to human chromosome 19q12-13.2","volume":"343","author":"McCarthyT","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1996.0238","article-title":"The structural organization of the human skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1) gene","volume":"34","author":"Phillips","year":"1996","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2918","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.23.2918","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia: Update on susceptibility testing","volume":"293","author":"Litman","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1004(200005)15:5<410::AID-HUMU2>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Ryanodine receptor mutations in malignant hyperthermia and central core disease","volume":"15","author":"McCarthy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Human Mutat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2002.460610.x","article-title":"Mutation screening in the ryanodine receptor 1 gene (RyR1) in patients susceptible to malignant hyperthermia who show definite IVCT results: Identification of three novel mutations","volume":"46","author":"Ruffert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200410000-00005","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia in North America: Genetic screening of the three hot spots in the type I ryanodine receptor gene","volume":"101","author":"Sei","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199107000-00002","article-title":"A comparison of the caffeine halothane muscle contracture test with the molecular genetic diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia","volume":"75","author":"MacKenzie","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199703000-00014","article-title":"Identification of heterozygous and homozygous individuals with the novel RyR1 mutation Cys35Arg in a large kindred","volume":"86","author":"Lynch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib86","first-page":"A213","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MH): Prevalence of the mutation R614C in the ryanodine receptor gene on chromosome 19q13.1 in German and Austrian MH families","volume":"51","author":"Deufel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Human Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib87","first-page":"1334","article-title":"Discordance in a malignant hyperthermia pedigree, between in vitro contracture-test phenotypes and haplotypes for the MHS 1 region on chromosome 19q12-13.3 comprising the C1840T transition in the RyR1 gene","volume":"56","author":"Deufel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Human Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(91)90084-R","article-title":"A substitution of cysteine for arginine 614 in the ryanodine receptor is potentially causative of human malignant hyperthermia","volume":"11","author":"Gillard","year":"1991","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.11.2055","article-title":"Screening of the ryanodine receptor gene in 105 malignant hyperthermia families: Novel mutations and concordance with the in vitro contracture test","volume":"8","author":"Brandt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Human Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.10.1515","article-title":"A novel ryanodine receptor mutation and genotype-phenotype correlation in a large malignant hyperthermia New Zealand Maori pedigree","volume":"9","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"Human Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200109000-00009","article-title":"North American malignant hyperthermia population: Screening of the ryanodine receptor gene and identification of novel mutation","volume":"95","author":"Sambuughin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.1203","article-title":"Genotype-phenotype comparison of the Swiss malignant hyperthermia population","volume":"18","author":"Girard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Human Mutat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.10098","article-title":"RyR1 mutations causing central core disease are associated with more severe malignant hyperthermia in vitro contracture test phenotypes","volume":"20","author":"Robinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Human Mutat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5200964","article-title":"Recent advances in the diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility: How confident can we be of genetic testing?","volume":"11","author":"Robinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Human Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0004.2002.620111.x","article-title":"Novel skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor mutation in a large Brazilian family with malignant hyperthermia","volume":"62","author":"McWilliams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib96","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia in the Indian subcontinent: Non-availability of dantrolene\u2014A cause for concern?","volume":"5","author":"Punj","year":"2001","journal-title":"Internet J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000237289.66136.cd","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia in China","volume":"103","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0888-7543(05)80206-X","article-title":"Adult muscle sodium channel alpha-subunit is a gene candidate for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility","volume":"14","author":"Olckers","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/S0888-7543(05)80152-1","article-title":"Evidence for the localization of a malignant hyperthermia susceptibility locus (MHS2) to human chromosome 17q","volume":"14","author":"Levitt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/3.6.969","article-title":"Localization of the gene encoding the alpha2\/delta-subunits of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel to chromosome 7q and analysis of the segregation of flanking markers in malignant hyperthermia susceptible families","volume":"3","author":"Iles","year":"1994","journal-title":"Human Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib101","first-page":"684","article-title":"Mapping a further malignant hyperthermia locus to chromosome 3q13.1","volume":"56","author":"Sudbrak","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Human Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1993.1017","article-title":"Assignment of the human gene for the alpha1 subunit of the skeletal muscle DHP-sensitive Ca2+ channel (CACNL1A3) to chromosome 1q31-q32","volume":"15","author":"Gregg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0004.2001.590306.x","article-title":"Identification of the Arg1086His mutation in the alpha subunit of the voltage-dependent calcium channel (CACNA1S) in a North American family with malignant hyperthermia","volume":"59","author":"Stewart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.6.953","article-title":"A genome wide search for susceptibility loci in three European malignant hyperthermia pedigree","volume":"6","author":"Robinson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Human Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-1809.2000.6440307.x","article-title":"Multiple interacting gene products may influence susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia","volume":"64","author":"Robinson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Human Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200606000-00008","article-title":"Malignant hyperthermia in Japan: Mutation screening of the entire ryanodine receptor type 1 gene coding region by direct sequencing","volume":"104","author":"Ibarra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200211000-00007","article-title":"Presence of two different genetic traits in a malignant hyperthermia families: Implications for genetic analysis, diagnosis, and incidence of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility","volume":"97","author":"Monnier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib108","first-page":"111","article-title":"Investigation of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility in Denmark","volume":"43","author":"Ording","year":"1996","journal-title":"Danish Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20356","article-title":"Mutations in RyR1 in malignant hyperthermia and central core disease","volume":"27","author":"Robinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Human Mutat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl077","article-title":"Central core disease is due to RyR1 mutations in more than 90% of patients","volume":"129","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddg121","article-title":"A homozygous splicing mutation causing a depletion of skeletal muscle RYR1 is associated with muli-minicore disease congenital myopathy with opthalmoplegia","volume":"12","author":"Monnier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Human Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1985.04060110086024","article-title":"Severe multicore disease associated with reaction to anesthesia","volume":"42","author":"Koch","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000077658","article-title":"Multi-minicore disease with susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia in pregnancy","volume":"58","author":"Osada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2006.02105.x","article-title":"The risk of malignant hyperthermia in children undergoing muscle biopsy for suspected neuromuscular disorder","volume":"17","author":"Flick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/47.1.62","article-title":"Control of the malignant hyperpyrexic syndrome in MHS swine by dantrolene sodium","volume":"47","author":"Harrison","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198204000-00005","article-title":"Dantrolene in human malignant hyperthermia","volume":"56","author":"Kolb","year":"1982","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2004.03658.x","article-title":"Dantrolene - a review of its pharmacology, therapeutic use and new developments","volume":"59","author":"Krause","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198632020-00003","article-title":"Dantrolene: A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in malignant hyperthermia, the neuroleptic malignant syndrome and an update of its use in muscle spasticity","volume":"32","author":"Ward","year":"1986","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib119","first-page":"101","article-title":"The Icarus effect: The influence of diluent warming on dantrolene sodium mixing time","volume":"75","author":"Baker","year":"2007","journal-title":"AANA J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib120","first-page":"A1199","article-title":"North American Malignant Hyperthermia Registry. Reassessment of the safety and efficacy of dantrolene","author":"Brandom","year":"2002","journal-title":"ASA Annual Meeting Abstracts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A419","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198809010-00418","article-title":"Azumolene, a new dantrolene analogue, antagonizes halothane and caffeine contractures: Potential for use in malignant hyperthermia","volume":"69","author":"Fletcher","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199003000-00004","article-title":"Azumolene reverses episodes of malignant hyperthermia in susceptible swine","volume":"70","author":"Dershwitz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(92)91281-T","article-title":"Dantrolene and azumolene inhibit [3H]PN200-110 binding to porcine skeletal muscle dihidropyridine receptors","volume":"187","author":"el-Hayek","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33477","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M602306200","article-title":"Azumolene inhibits a component of store-operated calcium entry coupled to the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor","volume":"281","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2007.00156.x","article-title":"Effects of azumolene on normal and malignant hyperthermia-susceptible skeletal muscle","volume":"102","author":"Sudo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01482.x","article-title":"The effect of azumolene on hypercontractility and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ dependent ATPase activity of malignant hyperpyrexia-susceptible porcine skeletal muscle","volume":"18","author":"Foster","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089947208003444?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089947208003444?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T18:12:23Z","timestamp":1761070343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1089947208003444"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1089947208003444"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-9472"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1089-9472"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Scientific Advances in the Genetic Understanding and Diagnosis of Malignant Hyperthermia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jopan.2008.12.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}