{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T15:45:15Z","timestamp":1782747915461,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","jopan.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T12:38:08Z","timestamp":1767011888000},"page":"768-774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Postoperative Residual Paralysis\u2014What it is, How to Recognize it, and How to Treat it: Evidence-based Summary"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Alderman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Smith-Steinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2021.09.009","article-title":"Half-dose sugammadex after neostigmine versus neostigmine as a routine reversal agent: a\u00a0pilot randomized trial","volume":"37","author":"Baysal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perianesth\u00a0Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004174","article-title":"Quantitative neuromuscular monitoring in clinical practice: a\u00a0professional practice change initiative","volume":"136","author":"Weigel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib3","first-page":"33","article-title":"Incidence of complications in the post-anesthesia care unit and associated healthcare utilization in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery requiring neuromuscular blockade 2005\u20132013: a single center study","volume":"43","author":"Belcher","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin\u00a0Anesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-023-02233-7","article-title":"Optimal dose of neostigmine antagonizing cisatracurium-induced shallow neuromuscular block in elderly patients: a randomized control study","volume":"23","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-020-01695-4","article-title":"A randomized-controlled trial of sugammadex versus neostigmine: Impact on early postoperative strength","volume":"67","author":"Abola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib6","first-page":"33","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and consequences of residual neuromuscular block in the United States: the prospective, observational, multicenter RECITE-US study","volume":"55","author":"Saager","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin\u00a0Anesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18917-y","article-title":"Predictive study of pharmacological reversal for residual neuromuscular blockade and postoperative pulmonary complications: a prospective, observational, cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Arag\u00f3n-Bened\u00ed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib8","first-page":"196","article-title":"Postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade after reversal based on a qualitative peripheral nerve stimulator response","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur\u00a0J\u00a0Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib9","first-page":"71","article-title":"Consensus statement on perioperative use of neuromuscular monitoring","volume":"127","author":"Naguib","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth\u00a0Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib10","first-page":"169","article-title":"Neuromuscular blockade monitoring and reversal","volume":"39","author":"Weigel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv\u00a0Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib11","unstructured":"Dang D, Dearholt SL, Bissett K, Ascenzi J, Whalen M, eds. Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals: Model and Guidelines. 4th ed. Sigma Theta Tau International; 2022."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib12","first-page":"184","article-title":"Neostigmine-based reversal of intermediate acting neuromuscular blocking agents to prevent postoperative residual paralysis","volume":"35","author":"Tajaate","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur\u00a0J\u00a0Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib13","first-page":"466","article-title":"Forty years of neuromuscular monitoring and postoperative residual curarisation: a meta-analysis and evaluation of confidence in network meta-analysis","volume":"125","author":"Carvalho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br\u00a0J\u00a0Anaesth"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605221116760","article-title":"Appropriate dosing of sugammadex for reversal of rocuronium-\/vecuronium-induced muscle relaxation in morbidly obese patients: a\u00a0meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"50","author":"Liao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-022-01804-4","article-title":"The effect of neostigmine on postoperative delirium after colon carcinoma surgery: a\u00a0randomized, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001893","article-title":"Neostigmine administration after spontaneous recovery to a train-of-four ratio of 0.9 to 1.0","volume":"128","author":"Murphy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib17","first-page":"785","article-title":"Postoperative impairment of motor function at train-of-four ratio \u22650.9 cannot be improved by sugammadex (1 mg kg\u22121)","volume":"114","author":"Baum\u00fcller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br\u00a0J\u00a0Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2021.62.606","article-title":"Comparison of recovery after sugammadex or neostigmine reversal of rocuronium in geriatric patients undergoing spine surgery: a\u00a0randomized controlled trial","volume":"62","author":"Mraovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib19","first-page":"553","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of sugammadex or neostigmine for reversal of neuromuscular block on the incidence of pulmonary complications in older adults undergoing prolonged surgery","volume":"124","author":"Togioka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br\u00a0J\u00a0Anaesth"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib20","first-page":"609","article-title":"Impact of reversal strategies on the incidence of postoperative residual paralysis after rocuronium relaxation without neuromuscular monitoring","volume":"34","author":"Nemes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur\u00a0J\u00a0Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000006219","article-title":"Sugammadex versus neostigmine for recovery of respiratory muscle strength measured by ultrasonography in the postextubation period: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"136","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-022-01936-1","article-title":"A comparison of neuromuscular blockade and reversal using cisatricurium and neostigmine with rocuronium and sugammadex on the quality of recovery from general anaesthesia for percutaneous closure of left atria appendage","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib23","first-page":"3626","article-title":"Sugammadex versus neostigmine for neuromuscular block reversal and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing resection of lung cancer","volume":"36","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac\u00a0Vasc\u00a0Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib26","series-title":"Stoelting\u2019s Pharmacology & Physiology in Anesthetic Practice","author":"Flood","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib27","unstructured":"Physiology, acetylcholine. StatPearls [Internet]. National Library of Medicine: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Published 2023. Accessed October 10, 2024.\u00a0https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557825\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib28","unstructured":"Physiology, muscle. StatPearls [Internet]. National Library of Medicine: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Published 2023. Accessed October 10, 2024.\u00a0https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK532258\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01278-w","article-title":"Actual veruss ideal body weight dosing of sugammadex in morbidly obese patients offers faster reversal of rocuronium- or vecuronium-induced deep or moderate neuromuscular block: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"21","author":"Horrow","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089947225004666?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089947225004666?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T15:01:06Z","timestamp":1782745266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1089947225004666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1089947225004666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-9472"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1089-9472","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Postoperative Residual Paralysis\u2014What it is, How to Recognize it, and How to Treat it: Evidence-based Summary","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.08.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}