{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:06:00Z","timestamp":1789139160603,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T13:08:28Z","timestamp":1700744908000},"page":"38-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Fracture related Infection - Challenges in definition and diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Markus","family":"Rupp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nike","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Brochhausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0208-4650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volker","family":"Alt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035415","article-title":"Treatment of infections associated with surgical implants","volume":"350","author":"Darouiche","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000692","article-title":"Implantable Device-related infection","volume":"46","author":"VanEpps","year":"2016","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001214","article-title":"Projections of primary TKA and THA in Germany from 2016 through 2040","volume":"478","author":"Rupp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib4","first-page":"780","article-title":"Projections of primary and revision hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States from 2005 to 2030","volume":"89","author":"Kurtz","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90008-w","article-title":"The epidemiology of fracture-related infections in Germany","volume":"11","author":"Walter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94988-7","article-title":"Recent trends in revision knee arthroplasty in Germany","volume":"11","author":"Rupp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib7","first-page":"665","article-title":"The incidence of fractures among the adult population of Germany\u2013an analysis from 2009 through 2019","volume":"118","author":"Rupp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.08.040","article-title":"Fracture-related infection: a consensus on definition from an international expert group","volume":"49","author":"Metsemakers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.1011.BJR-2021-0371","article-title":"Terminology of bone and joint infection","volume":"10","author":"Rupp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(96)89029-2","article-title":"Infection after open reduction and internal fixation with dynamic compression plates \u2014 clinical and experimental data","volume":"27","author":"Arens","year":"1996","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.5.190072","article-title":"Definition and diagnosis of fracture-related infection","volume":"5","author":"McNally","year":"2020","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.02.010","article-title":"Definition of infection after fracture fixation: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials to evaluate current practice","volume":"49","author":"Metsemakers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.5194\/jbji-8-133-2023","article-title":"Diagnosis of fracture-related infection in patients without clinical confirmatory criteria: an international retrospective cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Vanvelk","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Infect"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.100B12.BJJ-2018-0586.R1","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of serum inflammatory markers in late fracture-related infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100-B","author":"van den Kieboom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone Joint Lett J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.7150\/jbji.26492","article-title":"Limited predictive value of serum inflammatory markers for diagnosing fracture-related infections: results of a large retrospective multicenter cohort study","volume":"3","author":"Bosch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Infect"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.102B7.BJJ-2019-1739.R1","article-title":"Limited diagnostic value of serum inflammatory biomarkers in the diagnosis of fracture-related infections","volume":"102-B","author":"Sigmund","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Joint Lett J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S213099","article-title":"Usefulness of serum D-dimer for preoperative diagnosis of infected nonunion after open reduction and internal fixation","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1461638","article-title":"Interleukin-6 versus common inflammatory biomarkers for diagnosing fracture-related infection: utility and potential influencing factors","volume":"2021","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.7150\/jbji.44116","article-title":"An adjunct indicator for the diagnosis of fracture-related infections: platelet count to mean platelet volume ratio","volume":"5","author":"Strony","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.12.014","article-title":"Wound alpha defensin levels are significantly higher in patients with fracture related infection: a pilot, prospective cohort study","volume":"54","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib21","article-title":"Analysis of risk factors and association of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers with conventional markers in delayed fracture related infection for closed fracture","volume":"13","author":"Raikwar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib22","first-page":"13","article-title":"Novel diagnostic markers for periprosthetic joint infection: a systematic review","author":"Schindler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.05.014","article-title":"Getting it right first time: the importance of a structured tissue sampling protocol for diagnosing fracture-related infections","volume":"50","author":"Hellebrekers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.04.038","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of swab PCR as an alternative to tissue culture methods for diagnosing infections associated with fracture fixation devices","volume":"47","author":"Omar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.3.1018-1028.2006","article-title":"Analysis of 525 samples to determine the usefulness of PCR amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for diagnosis of bone and joint infections","volume":"44","author":"Fenollar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-015-3192-y","article-title":"Sonikation in der Diagnostik periprothetischer Infektionen : stellenwert und praktische Umsetzung","volume":"44","author":"Renz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthop\u00e4"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4176","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02140-14","article-title":"Improved diagnosis of infection associated with osteosynthesis by use of sonication of fracture fixation implants","volume":"52","author":"Yano","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03683-14","article-title":"Improved diagnosis of orthopedic implant-associated infection by inoculation of sonication fluid into blood culture bottles","volume":"53","author":"Portillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib29","series-title":"Skeletal Trauma: Basic Science, Management, and Reconstruction","article-title":"Understanding and treating chronic osteomyelitis","author":"Lowenberg","year":"2019"},{"issue":"96","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib30","first-page":"20","article-title":"The radiology of infection","author":"Butt","year":"1973","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib31","series-title":"Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Disorders","author":"Resnick","year":"1995"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib32","first-page":"2464","article-title":"The accuracy of diagnostic imaging for the assessment of chronic osteomyelitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Termaat","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-018-4218-6","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET\/CT in diagnosing fracture-related infections","volume":"46","author":"Lemans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.100B7.BJJ-2018-0052.R1","article-title":"The value of quantitative histology in the diagnosis of fracture-related infection","volume":"100-B","author":"Morgenstern","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone Joint Lett J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.027458","article-title":"Proposal for a histopathological consensus classification of the periprosthetic interface membrane","volume":"59","author":"Morawietz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2014.09.017","article-title":"Revised histopathological consensus classification of joint implant related pathology","volume":"210","author":"Krenn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0972978X23003264?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0972978X23003264?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T14:06:20Z","timestamp":1789135580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jortho.org\/fracture-related-infection-challenges-in-definition-and-diagnosis\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0972978X23003264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-978X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-978X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fracture related Infection - Challenges in definition and diagnosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Orthopaedics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jor.2023.11.050","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Professor P K Surendran Memorial Education Foundation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}