{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:08:03Z","timestamp":1789139283152,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T06:40:20Z","timestamp":1753339220000},"page":"238-250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Can contaminated musculoskeletal autografts and allografts be safely and effectively used in patients? A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0713-280X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Ryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7136-5022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryce W.","family":"Rigden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clayton W.","family":"Nuelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8467-6494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James P.","family":"Stannard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven F.","family":"DeFroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0862-995X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James L.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738113503442","article-title":"Allografts in soft tissue reconstructive procedures: important considerations","volume":"6","author":"Giedraitis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sport Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2005.08.014","article-title":"A survey of sports medicine specialists investigating the preferred management of contaminated anterior cruciate ligament grafts","volume":"21","author":"Izquierdo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.10.020","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of bone allografts in the tissue banks: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Baseri","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515622397","article-title":"Quantification analysis of the intraoperative bacterial contamination rate and level in osteochondral autografts","volume":"44","author":"Alomar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2179-3678","article-title":"Incidence, common pathogens, and risk factors for infection after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Schneider","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Knee Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30419-0","article-title":"Mortality and adverse joint outcomes following septic arthritis of the native knee: a longitudinal cohort study of patients receiving arthroscopic washout","volume":"20","author":"Abram","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib7","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib9","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib10","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x","article-title":"Methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS): development and validation of a new instrument","volume":"73","author":"Slim","year":"2003","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2013.10.012","article-title":"Management of the contaminated anterior cruciate ligament graft","volume":"30","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib13","first-page":"740","article-title":"[peroperative accidental contamination of bone-tendon-bone graft for the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Report of 4 cases]","volume":"85","author":"Casalonga","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2005.12.010","article-title":"Intraoperative anterior cruciate ligament graft contamination","volume":"23","author":"Pasque","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515622397","article-title":"Quantification analysis of the intraoperative bacterial contamination rate and level in osteochondral autografts","volume":"44","author":"Alomar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2011.08.301","article-title":"A surgical technique using presoaked vancomycin hamstring grafts to decrease the risk of infection after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"28","author":"Vertullo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-016-3168-5","article-title":"Hamstring graft bacterial contamination during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: clinical and microbiological study","volume":"40","author":"Badran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.07.027","article-title":"When the tendon autograft is dropped accidently on the floor: a study about bacterial contamination and antiseptic efficacy","volume":"22","author":"Barbier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib19","first-page":"410","article-title":"Intraoperative graft decontamination during ACL reconstruction surgery","volume":"55","author":"Luciano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(00)90081-1","article-title":"Contaminated anterior cruciate ligament grafts: the efficacy of 3 sterilization agents","volume":"16","author":"Molina","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-021-02978-2","article-title":"Evaluating bacterial contamination of free bone fragments falling to the ground and the effectiveness of antiseptic solutions","volume":"32","author":"Alt\u0131nayak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.52312\/jdrs.2023.1537","article-title":"What if an articular bone fragment drops on the floor in the course of osteosynthesis? An experimental study","volume":"35","author":"Utkan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Jt Dis Relat Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2005.08.014","article-title":"A survey of sports medicine specialists investigating the preferred management of contaminated anterior cruciate ligament grafts","volume":"21","author":"Izquierdo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00418","article-title":"A comparison of five treatment protocols for contaminated bone grafts in reference to sterility and cell viability","volume":"93","author":"Bauer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00793","article-title":"Are dropped osteoarticular bone fragments safely reimplantable in vivo?","volume":"93","author":"Bruce","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513519950","article-title":"Salvage of contaminated osteochondral allografts: the effects of chlorhexidine on human articular chondrocyte viability","volume":"42","author":"Campbell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001908","article-title":"Contamination and decontamination of autologous bone in the operating room: a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Mortazavi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4735-z","article-title":"Contamination occurs during ACL graft harvesting and manipulation, but it can be easily eradicated","volume":"26","author":"P\u00e9rez-Prieto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280021601","article-title":"The effects of chlorhexidine irrigation solution on contaminated bone-tendon allografts","volume":"28","author":"Burd","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2049-8","article-title":"Evaluation of sterilization methods following contamination of hamstring autograft during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"21","author":"Plante","year":"2013","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211002873","article-title":"Comparison of the sterilization efficiency of 3 disinfectants for dropped anterior cruciate ligament grafts: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-8063(91)90125-H","article-title":"Contaminated patellar tendon grafts: incidence of positive cultures and efficacy of an antibiotic solution soak\u2014An in vitro study","volume":"7","author":"Cooper","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1247817","article-title":"Mechanical agitation and serial dilution \u2013An option for anterior cruciate ligament graft sterilization","volume":"21","author":"Parker","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Knee Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231223138","article-title":"Tobramycin and vancomycin in an in vitro model of anterior cruciate ligament allograft decontamination","volume":"52","author":"Bentkowski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3244","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465241285457","article-title":"Midterm outcomes after osteochondral allograft transplantation in the knee using high-chondrocyte viability grafts","volume":"52","author":"Cook","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520907101","article-title":"Prospective assessment of outcomes after primary unipolar, multisurface, and bipolar osteochondral allograft transplantations in the knee: a comparison of 2 preservation methods","volume":"48","author":"Stannard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2012.05.888","article-title":"Chlorhexidine gluconate cleansing has no effect on the structural properties of human patellar tendon allografts","volume":"28","author":"Sobel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B6.0810995","article-title":"Chlorhexidine and chondrolysis in the knee","volume":"81","author":"Van Huyssteen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparison of decontamination-preservation protocols for delayed surgical re-implantation of osteoarticular fracture fragments","volume":"5","author":"Cook","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ortho Sci Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24668","article-title":"Comparison of meniscal allograft transplantation techniques using a preclinical canine model","volume":"39","author":"Schreiner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0972978X25002910?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0972978X25002910?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T14:10:21Z","timestamp":1789135821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jortho.org\/can-contaminated-musculoskeletal-autografts-and-allografts-be-safely-and-effectively-used-in-patients-a-systematic-review\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0972978X25002910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-978X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-978X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Can contaminated musculoskeletal autografts and allografts be safely and effectively used in patients? A systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Orthopaedics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jor.2025.07.025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Professor P K Surendran Memorial Education Foundation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}