{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:24:18Z","timestamp":1792859058848,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T17:01:33Z","timestamp":1736182893000},"page":"102218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Clinical characteristics, management, and malignancy rate of oral lichen planus: A European multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0782-9933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Boffano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Neirotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Nikolovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Brucoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ruslin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petia","family":"Pechalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolai","family":"Pavlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Sapundzhiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petar","family":"Uchikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos de Vicente","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania Rodr\u00edguez","family":"Santamarta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelien","family":"Louvrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Michel-Guillaneux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenie","family":"Bertin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Starch-Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Gusic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Branislav V","family":"Bajkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa Maria","family":"L\u00f3pez-Pintor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Dugast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helios","family":"Bertin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Corre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1gnes","family":"B\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f3zsef","family":"Szalma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaana","family":"Rautava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Sn\u00e4ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2016.02.023","article-title":"Oral lichen planus","volume":"34","author":"Olson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2012.11.007","article-title":"Oral Lichen Planus","volume":"25","author":"Au","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13704","article-title":"Oral potentially malignant disorders: a consensus report from an international seminar on nomenclature and classification, convened by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer","volume":"27","author":"Warnakulasuriya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13323","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence of oral lichen planus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Moles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.04.001","article-title":"Premalignant nature of oral and vulval lichen planus: facts and controversies","volume":"28","author":"Ramos-e-Silva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/742826","article-title":"Cutaneous and mucosal lichen planus: a comprehensive review of clinical subtypes, risk factors, diagnosis, and prognosis","author":"Gorouhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12918","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: an update on its pathogenesis","volume":"54","author":"Nogueira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0008","first-page":"519","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: a review","volume":"58","author":"Carrozzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Minerva Stomatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12155","article-title":"Lichen planus in childhood: a series of 316 patients","volume":"31","author":"Pandhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0010","first-page":"577","article-title":"Controversies over the potential malignant nature of oral lichen planus: a pathological view","volume":"50","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.06.076","article-title":"Current controversies in oral lichen planus: report of an international consensus meeting. Part 2. Clinical management and malignant transformation","volume":"100","author":"Lodi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13812","article-title":"Oral cancer develop- ment in lichen planus and related conditions\u20143.0 evidence level: a systematic review of systematic reviews","volume":"27","author":"Ramos-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12996","article-title":"Oral lichen planus has a very low ma- lignant transformation rate: a systematic review and meta-analysis using strict diagnostic and inclusion criteria","volume":"50","author":"Idrees","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.03.012","article-title":"Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: a meta- analysis of 20095 patient data","volume":"68","author":"Aghbari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0015","first-page":"717","article-title":"Histopathological analysis of oral lichen planus with malignant transformation","volume":"51","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.2013.10","article-title":"The malignant transformation of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: a systematic review","volume":"145","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.04.009","article-title":"Oral lichen planus and malignant transformation: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"112","author":"Bombeccari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2006.09.028","article-title":"Field cancerization in oral lichen planus","volume":"33","author":"Mignogna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0019","first-page":"261","article-title":"Oral lichen planus and malignant transformation: a retrospective follow-up study of clinical and histopathologic data","volume":"37","author":"Bornstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1053\/ejso.2002.1302","article-title":"Clinical behaviour of malignant transforming oral lichen planus","volume":"28","author":"Mignogna","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2021.105619","article-title":"Development and validation of a nomogram prediction model for malignant transformation of oral potentially ma- lignant disorders","volume":"123","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1267","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1267","article-title":"Investigating the factors proposed in oral lichen planus malignant transformation: a literature review","volume":"6","author":"Agha-Hosseini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_519_22","article-title":"Is oral lichen planus a potentially malignant disorder?: a critical appraisal; a commentary on the letter to the editor","volume":"27","author":"Sivapathasundharam","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0024","article-title":"Will there be a critical review on the malignant transformation of oral lichen planus?","volume":"78","author":"Migliari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3004","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15113004","article-title":"Risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in one hundred patients with oral lichen planus: a follow-up study of Umberto I University Hospital of Rome","volume":"15","author":"Tenore","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2019.07.012","article-title":"Malignant transformation risk of oral lichen planus: a systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Moles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.05.004","article-title":"Diagnosis of oral lichen planus: a position paper of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology","volume":"122","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2022.101717","article-title":"The proportion of oral lichen planus cases with malignant transformation may be higher, than reported to date","volume":"22","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2022.106025","article-title":"Overestimated risk of transformation in oral lichen planus","volume":"133","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2022.106263","article-title":"Overestimated risk of transformation in oral lichen planus: in reply with emphasis on natural history of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia","volume":"136","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218_bib0031","article-title":"Overestimated risk of transformation in oral lichen planus: in reply","volume":"133","author":"\u00c1ngel Gonz\u00e1lez-Moles","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468785525000072?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468785525000072?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T15:47:22Z","timestamp":1747756042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468785525000072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468785525000072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-7855"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-7855","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical characteristics, management, and malignancy rate of oral lichen planus: A European multicenter study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102218","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102218"}}