{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:07:15Z","timestamp":1788260835763,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]],"date-time":"2025-05-11T01:44:53Z","timestamp":1746927893000},"page":"102407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"S","title":["War as a teacher: Experiences of facial reconstruction with anterolateral thigh flap during the Ukrainian war"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6900-0103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bekir","family":"Osmanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karri","family":"Mesim\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetiana","family":"Pavlychuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommy","family":"Wilkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurii","family":"Chepurnyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Sn\u00e4ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrii","family":"Kopchak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-015-0766-5","article-title":"Mandibular reconstruction: overview","volume":"15","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cxom.2012.12.001","article-title":"Characteristics of ballistic and blast injuries","volume":"21","author":"Powers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2015.0656","article-title":"Plastic surgery challenges in war wounded I: flap-based extremity reconstruction","volume":"5","author":"Sabino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-2019-001304","article-title":"SyrianCivilWar: a systematic review of trauma casualty epidemiology","volume":"166","author":"McIntyre","year":"2020","journal-title":"BM J Mil Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-80973-7","article-title":"The impact of delayed surgical intervention following high velocity maxillofacial injuries","volume":"11","author":"Oren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199103000-00008","article-title":"Early definitive bone and soft-tissue reconstruction of major gunshot wounds of the face","volume":"87","author":"Gruss","year":"1991","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200006000-00006","article-title":"Free anterolateral thigh flap for reconstruction of head and neck defects following cancer ablation","volume":"105","author":"Shieh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200206000-00007","article-title":"Have we found an ideal soft-tissue flap? An experience with 672 anterolateral thigh flaps","volume":"109","author":"Wei","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20050","article-title":"Characteristics of the anterolateral thigh flap in a Western population and its application in head and neck reconstruction","volume":"26","author":"Yu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001103","article-title":"Anatomical variability of the anterolateral thigh flap perforators: vascular anatomy and its clinical implications","volume":"135","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(84)90002-X","article-title":"The free thigh flap: a new free flap concept based on the septocutaneous artery","volume":"37","author":"Song","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199309000-00005","article-title":"Free anterolateral thigh flaps for reconstruction of head and neck defects","volume":"92","author":"Koshima","year":"1993","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30854","article-title":"The combined anterolateral thigh-partial iliac crest minihybrid free flap for mandibular reconstruction","volume":"42","author":"Marttila","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200202000-00008","article-title":"Versatility of the free anterolateral thigh flap for reconstruction of soft-tissue defects: review of 140 cases","volume":"48","author":"Kuo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2017.05.001","article-title":"Contemporary management of maxillofacial ballistic trauma","volume":"55","author":"Breeze","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1548-4","article-title":"Reconstruction of soft-tissue defects of the head and neck: radial forearm flap or anterolateral thigh flap?","volume":"268","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181764ad6","article-title":"Anterolateral thigh flap for the reconstruction of head and neck defects","volume":"19","author":"Valentini","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(91)90038-L","article-title":"Clinical experience and surgical anatomy of 32 free anterolateral thigh flap transplantations","volume":"44","author":"Zhou","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1592191","article-title":"Topical vasodilators in microsurgery: what is the evidence?","volume":"33","author":"Rinkinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2018.08.009","article-title":"Intraoperative factors associated with free flap failure in the head and neck region: a four-year retrospective study of 216 patients and review of the literature","volume":"48","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200206000-00005","article-title":"Technique and strategy in anterolateral thigh perforator flap surgery, based on an analysis of 15 complete and partial failures in 439 cases","volume":"109","author":"Celik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(97)91363-1","article-title":"Forearm free skin flap transplantation: a report of 56 cases. 1981","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5984","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000005984","article-title":"Aesthetic and functional reconstruction of periorbital region using radial forearm free flap","volume":"12","author":"Chaiyasate","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.09.026","article-title":"Radial forearm free flap for reconstruction of the oral cavity: clinical experience in 55 cases","volume":"104","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1584-8","article-title":"Microsurgical reconstruction of the oral cavity with free flaps from the anterolateral thigh and the radial forearm: a comparison of perioperative data from 161 cases","volume":"18","author":"Kesting","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0026","first-page":"S1","article-title":"The submental flap for head and neck reconstruction: comparison of outcomes to the radial forearm free flap","volume":"130","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.130.7.813","article-title":"The anterolateral thigh flap: radial forearm's \"big brother\" for extensive soft tissue head and neck defects","volume":"130","author":"Lueg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671Y676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.10.010","article-title":"Complications of free radial forearm flap transfers for head and neck reconstruction","volume":"99","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.04.001","article-title":"Hand perfusion following radial or ulnar forearm free flap harvest for oral cavity reconstruction: a prospective study","volume":"49","author":"de Vicente","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1548-4","article-title":"Reconstruction of soft-tissue defects of the head and neck: radial forearm flap or anterolateral thigh flap?","volume":"268","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000007381","article-title":"Comparison of donor site morbidity between anterolateral thigh and radial forearm free flaps for head and neck reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Niu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/01.id.0000187956.59276.f8","article-title":"The effect of cigarette smoking on dental implants and related surgery","volume":"14","author":"Levin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Implant Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.06.006","article-title":"Characterization of craniomaxillofacial battle injuries sustained by United States service members in the current conflicts of Iraq and Afghanistan","volume":"68","author":"Lew","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.07.001","article-title":"Surface wound mapping of battlefield occulo-facial injury","volume":"43","author":"Breeze","year":"2012","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-156-02-13","article-title":"Distribution of civilian and military maxillofacial surgical procedures performed in an Air Force theatre hospital: implications for training and readiness","volume":"156","author":"Powers","year":"2010","journal-title":"J R Army Med Corps"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2024.101794","article-title":"Delayed reconstruction of the combat-related mandibular defects with non-vascularized iliac crest grafts: defining the optimal conditions for a positive outcome in the retrospective study","volume":"125","author":"Osmanov","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20026","article-title":"Reconstruction of the hard palate using the radial forearm free flap: indications and outcomes","volume":"26","author":"Genden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199604001-00016","article-title":"Consideration of a thin flap as an entity and clinical applications of the thin anterolateral thigh flap","volume":"97","author":"Kimura","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10173863","article-title":"Clinical and surgical outcomes in extensive scalp reconstruction after oncologic resection: a comparison of anterolateral thigh, latissimus dorsi and omental free flaps","volume":"10","author":"Del Castillo Pardo de Vera","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29959","article-title":"Skin color match in head and neck reconstructive surgery","volume":"132","author":"Knott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2005.05.002","article-title":"Improvised explosive devices and the oral and maxillofacial surgeon","volume":"17","author":"Goksel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3149-y","article-title":"Infection with high proportion of multidrug-resistant bacteria in conflict-related injuries is associated with poor outcomes and excess resource consumption: a cohort study of Syrian patients treated in Jordan","volume":"18","author":"\u00c4lg\u00e5","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2026.102720","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468785525001934?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468785525001934?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T04:33:56Z","timestamp":1768019636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468785525001934"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468785525001934"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-7855"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-7855","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"War as a teacher: Experiences of facial reconstruction with anterolateral thigh flap during the Ukrainian war","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102407","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102407"}}