{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T09:22:57Z","timestamp":1781774577892,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/22273\u20130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/22273\u20130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/19423-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/19423-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:38:25Z","timestamp":1646267905000},"page":"100501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on SCUBA diving experience in marine protected areas"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2749-6758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Marconi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinicius J.","family":"Giglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme H.","family":"Pereira-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio S.","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2018.06.015","article-title":"Examining the relationship between tourist motivation and satisfaction by two competing methods","volume":"69","author":"Albayrak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib2","first-page":"703","article-title":"Physical, mental, and physiological health benefits of green and blue outdoor spaces among elderly people","author":"Aliyas","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Health Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198452","article-title":"Large-scale patterns of benthic marine communities in the Brazilian Province","volume":"13","author":"Aued","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(97)00001-5","article-title":"The nature an updated of satisfaction: Examination and analysis","volume":"41","author":"Babin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-7383(99)00108-5","article-title":"Quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions","volume":"27","author":"Baker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-019-0306-2","article-title":"Well-being outcomes of marine protected areas","volume":"2","author":"Ban","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib7","article-title":"Low coral mortality during the most intense bleaching event ever recorded in subtropical Southwestern Atlantic reefs","author":"Banha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Coral Reefs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib8","first-page":"77","article-title":"Enhancing satisfaction and sustainable management: Whale watching in the Azores","volume":"109","author":"Bentz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2004.05.006","article-title":"The theme park experience: An analysis of pleasure, arousal and satisfaction","volume":"26","author":"Bign\u00e9","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2008.02.006","article-title":"Tourist satisfaction: A cognitive-affective model","volume":"35","author":"del Bosque","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1177\/135676670200800401","article-title":"Reflections on tourist satisfaction research: Past, present and future","volume":"8","author":"Bowen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Vacation Marketing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib12","series-title":"SNUC \u2013 Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Natureza: Lei n\u00b0 9.985, de 18 de julho de 2000; Decreto n\u00b0 4.340, de 22 de agosto de 2002; Minist\u00e9rio do Meio Ambiente, 6\u00b0 Edi\u00e7\u00e3o","article-title":"Minist\u00e9rio do Meio Ambiente","author":"Brasil","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib14","author":"Brasil"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib16","first-page":"48","article-title":"Portaria n\u00b0 788 de 24 de Julho de 2020","volume":"144","author":"Brasil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reabertura da visita\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fablica no Ref\u00fagio de Vida Silvestre do Arquip\u00e9lago de Alcatrazes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib99","article-title":"Likert: Analysis and visualization Likert items","author":"Bryer","year":"2016","journal-title":"R Package version 1.3.5"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5005","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12631-6","article-title":"Economic value of protected areas via visitor mental health","volume":"10","author":"Buckley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7238","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17197238","article-title":"The beneficial effects of short-term exposure to scuba diving on human mental health","volume":"17","author":"Carre\u00f1o","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-014-9354-y","article-title":"Chinese tourist vacation satisfaction and subjective well-being","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Applied Research Quality Life"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2011.08.010","article-title":"Facilitating reef tourism management through an innovative importance-performance analysis method","volume":"33","author":"Coghlan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCTHR-05-2012-0022","article-title":"From tourist motivations to tourist satisfaction","volume":"7","author":"Correia","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-7383(79)90004-5","article-title":"Motivations of pleasure vacation","volume":"6","author":"Crompton","year":"1979","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500903042857","article-title":"Wildlife tourism: the intangible, psychological benefits of human\u2013wildlife encounters","volume":"12","author":"Curtin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current Issues in Tourism"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.15408\/etk.v17i2.7211","article-title":"Destination image of tourist: Effect of travel motivation and memorable tourism experience","volume":"17","author":"Dagustani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Etikonomi"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-7383(77)90037-8","article-title":"Anomie ego-enhancement and tourism","volume":"4","author":"Dann","year":"1977","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-7383(81)90082-7","article-title":"Tourist motivation an appraisal","volume":"8","author":"Dann","year":"1981","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2005.11.026","article-title":"The impact of tourism and personal leisure transport on coastal environments: A review","volume":"67","author":"Davenport","year":"2006","journal-title":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib27","series-title":"Guidelines for applying the IUCN protected area management categories to marine protected areas","author":"Day","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2018.09.002","article-title":"Coastal blue space and depression in older adults","volume":"54","author":"Dempsey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health & Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-006-9000-y","article-title":"Guidelines for national indicators of subjective well-being and ill-being","volume":"7","author":"Diener","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Happiness Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.125.2.276","article-title":"Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress","volume":"125","author":"Diener","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00590","article-title":"Extinction risk and conservation of the world's sharks and rays","volume":"3","author":"Dulvy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Motivasi Pengunjung ke Kota Wisata Bukittinggi Sumatera Barat","volume":"4","author":"Dwisaputra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau OM FISIP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13022","article-title":"Global conservation outcomes depend on marine protected areas with five key features","volume":"506","author":"Edgar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1177\/004728750003800406","article-title":"Needs, motivations, and expectations of a commercial whitewater rafting experience","volume":"38","author":"Fluker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Travel Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-263X.2011.00207.x","article-title":"Reexamining the science of marine protected areas: Linking knowledge to action","volume":"5","author":"Fox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Conservation Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.01.012","article-title":"Long-term exposure to residential green and blue spaces and anxiety and depression in adults: A cross-sectional study","volume":"162","author":"Gascon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2015.04.006","article-title":"Marine life preferences and perceptions among recreational divers in Brazilian coral reefs","volume":"51","author":"Giglio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2022.106091","article-title":"Scuba divers\u2019 behavior and satisfaction in a new marine protected area: Lessons from the implementation of a best practices program","volume":"220","author":"Giglio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ocean & Coastal Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-7383(97)80002-3","article-title":"Tourism motivation and expectation formation","volume":"21","author":"Gnoth","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244605","article-title":"'It's not just about fish': Assessing the social impacts of marine protected areas on the wellbeing of coastal communities in New South Wales","volume":"15","author":"Gollan","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib40","article-title":"Emotional and mental wellbeing following COVID-19 public health measures on people living with dementia and carers","author":"Hanna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.CH.2020.PARKS-26-1MH.en","article-title":"Editorial essay: Covid\u201019 and protected and conserved areas","volume":"26","author":"Hockings","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parks"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib42","first-page":"85","article-title":"Confiabilidade em Question\u00e1rios para Qualidade: um estudo com o Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach","volume":"11","author":"Hora","year":"2010","journal-title":"Produto & Produ\u00e7\u00e3o"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287509349266","article-title":"Expectation, motivation, and attitude: A tourist behavioral model","volume":"49","author":"Hsu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Travel Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2006.08.008","article-title":"Tourists' satisfaction, recommendation and revisiting Singapore","volume":"28","author":"Hui","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib45","volume":"Vol. II","author":"ICMBio","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-7383(82)90049-4","article-title":"Toward a social psychological theory of tourism motivation: A rejoinder","volume":"9","author":"Iso-Ahola","year":"1982","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2016.12.007","article-title":"Improving social impact assessment of protected areas: A review of the literature and directions for future research","volume":"64","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environmental Impact Assessment Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib48","article-title":"COVID-19 and protected areas: Impacts, conflicts, and possible management solutions","volume":"1\u20139","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Conservation Letters"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/00049538308255070","article-title":"Affectometer 2: A scale to measure current level of general happiness","volume":"35","author":"Kammann","year":"1983","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.694846","article-title":"Functionality and effectiveness of marine protected areas in southeastern Brazilian waters for Demersal Elasmobranchs","volume":"8","author":"Karlovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797614546556","article-title":"Waiting for merlot: Anticipatory consumption of experential and material purchases","volume":"25","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.18510\/ijthr.2020.724","article-title":"The shifting trends in travelling after the Covid-19 pandemic","volume":"7","author":"Kusumaningrum","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038508","article-title":"Leisure engagement and subjective well-being: A meta-analysis","volume":"141","author":"Kuykendall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12450","article-title":"Daily emotional well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"25","author":"Lades","year":"2020","journal-title":"British Journal of Health Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2013.02.020","article-title":"Managing diving impacts on reef ecosystems: Analysis of putative influences of motivations, marine life preferences and experience on divers' environmental perceptions","volume":"76","author":"Lucrezi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ocean & Coastal Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1080\/02642060600722841","article-title":"Customer satisfaction and Scuba-diving: Some insights from the deep","volume":"26","author":"Maccarthy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Service Industries Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2020.105246","article-title":"Does quality of scuba diving experience vary according to the context and management regime of marine protected areas?","volume":"194","author":"Marconi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocean & Coastal Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/16078055.2018.1444669","article-title":"Exploring the relationship among leisure engagement, affective and cognitive leisure involvement, and subjective happiness: A mediating role of leisure satisfaction","volume":"60","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Leisure Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1108\/09564230210445078","article-title":"The factor structure of customer satisfaction: An empirical test of the importance grid and the penalty-reward-contrast analysis","volume":"13","author":"Matzler","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Service Industry Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-263X.2011.00206.x","article-title":"Extinction risk and bottlenecks in the conservation of charismatic marine species","volume":"5","author":"McClenachan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Conservation Letters"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765202020200709","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic outbreak: The Brazilian reality from the first case to the collapse of health services","volume":"92","author":"Melo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ci\u00eancias"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1108\/09604520810920068","article-title":"Prioritising improvement of service attributes using impact-range-performance analysis and impact asymmetry analysis","volume":"18","author":"Mikulic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Managing Service Quality"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib63","first-page":"41","article-title":"An analysis of push and pull travel motivations of foreign tourists to Jordan","volume":"5","author":"Mohammad","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Business and Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.13482","article-title":"Spatial patterns of fish standing biomass across Brazilian reefs","volume":"91","author":"Morais","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rsma.2021.101951","article-title":"Effects of marine protected areas under different management regimes in a hot spot of biodiversity and cumulative impacts from SW Atlantic","volume":"47","author":"Motta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Regional Studies in Marine Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3727\/154427310X12826772784757","article-title":"The influence of scuba divers' personality, experience, and demographic profile on their underwater behavior","volume":"7","author":"Musa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tourism in Marine Environments"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aav3006","article-title":"Evaluating the impacts of protected areas on human well-being across the developing world","volume":"5","author":"Naidoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(97)00197-5","article-title":"The role of satisfaction with leisure travel\/tourism services and experience in satisfaction with leisure life and overall life","volume":"44","author":"Neal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1080\/09669581003690486","article-title":"Value orientations toward coral reefs in recreation and tourism settings: A conceptual and measurement approach","volume":"18","author":"Needham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Sustainable Tourism"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177719","article-title":"Affective responses in mountain hiking \u2013 a randomized crossover trial focusing on differences between indoor and outdoor activity","volume":"12","author":"Niedermeier","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-7383(78)90115-9","article-title":"Dimensions of tourist satisfaction with destination area","volume":"5","author":"Pizam","year":"1978","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143984","article-title":"Contact with blue-green spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown beneficial for mental health","volume":"756","author":"Pouso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdmm.2013.05.001","article-title":"The role of tourists' emotional experiences and satisfaction","volume":"2","author":"Prayag","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1080\/10548408.2010.527253","article-title":"Tourist motivation with sun and sand destinations: Satisfaction and the WOM-effect","volume":"27","author":"Prebensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib104","series-title":"R foundation for statistical computing, Vienna, Austria","article-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2019.101048","article-title":"Marine protected areas and human well-being \u2013 a systematic review and recommendations","volume":"41","author":"Rasheed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecosystem Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib103","series-title":"Psych: Procedures for personality and psychological research","author":"Revelle","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-016-0696-0","article-title":"Recreational diving impacts on coral reefs and the adoption of environmentally responsible practices within the SCUBA diving industry","volume":"58","author":"Roche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environmental Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jort.2015.06.009","article-title":"Exploring the role of parks and protected areas as providers of human health and well-being","volume":"10","author":"Romagosa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2015.09.009","article-title":"\u2018Seeing red\u2019 in national parks: How visitors' values affect perceptions and park experiences","volume":"66","author":"Rossi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geoforum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2979.2011.00455.x","article-title":"Fishing groupers towards extinction: A global assessment of threats and extinction risks in a billion dollar fishery","volume":"14","author":"Sadovy de Mitcheson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fish and Fisheries"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib80","article-title":"Sun coral management effectiveness in a wildlife refuge from south-eastern Brazil","volume":"1\u201312","author":"Savio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16101707","article-title":"Does physical activity during alpine vacations increase tourists' well-being?","volume":"16","author":"Schlemmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jort.2021.100391","article-title":"Do outdoor adventure park activities increase visitors' well-being?","volume":"35","author":"Schlemmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02248","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.2248","article-title":"A room with a green view: The importance of nearby nature for mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"31","author":"Soga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecological Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.CH.2021.PARKS-27-SIAS.en","article-title":"Tourism in protected and conserved areas amid the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"27","author":"Spenceley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parks"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1080\/00222216.2007.11950114","article-title":"Adolescent playfulness, stress perception, coping and well-being","volume":"39","author":"Staempfli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Leisure Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1355\/cs35-2c","article-title":"The role of tourism in addressing illegal fishing: The case of a dive operator in Indonesia","volume":"35","author":"Steenbergen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contemporary Southeast Asia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1021\/es102947t","article-title":"Does participating in physical activity in outdoor natural environments have a greater effect on physical and mental wellbeing than physical activity indoors? A systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Thompson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib88","first-page":"3317","article-title":"Subjective well-being in tourism research","volume":"58","author":"Tien","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychology and Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib89","first-page":"1","article-title":"Destination development model for foreign senior tourists","volume":"2","author":"Utama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jbhost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-008-9198-z","article-title":"Managing dive tourism for the sustainable use of coral reefs: Validating diver perceptions of attractive site features","volume":"43","author":"Uyarra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environmental Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib91","series-title":"Social Impact Assessment: Guidance for assessing and managing the social impacts of projects","author":"Vanclay","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.CH.2021.PARKS-27-SIJW.en","article-title":"Impacts of COVID-19 on protected and conserved areas: A global overview and regional perspectives","volume":"27","author":"Waithaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parks"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.24865","article-title":"COVID-19 as the leading cause of death in the United States","volume":"325","author":"Woolf","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2003.08.016","article-title":"An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: A structural model","volume":"26","author":"Yoon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.20867\/thm.24.1.8","article-title":"Tourist's motivations to travel: A theoretical perspective on the existing literature","volume":"24","author":"Yousaf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tourism and Hospitality Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2018.06.009","article-title":"How shark conservation in the Maldives affects demand for dive tourism","volume":"69","author":"Zimmerhackel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tourism Management"}],"container-title":["Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213078022000160?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213078022000160?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T01:19:09Z","timestamp":1761959949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213078022000160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["S2213078022000160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-0780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-0780","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on SCUBA diving experience in marine protected areas","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jort.2022.100501","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100501"}}