{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:46:28Z","timestamp":1792079188786,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016626","name":"Japanese Orthopaedic Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016626","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T16:05:35Z","timestamp":1751990735000},"page":"721-747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Locomotive syndrome clinical practice guide 2021 (Abridged Translation Version)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Katsushi","family":"Takeshita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kozo","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromoto","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasumoto","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Hoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Ohe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Seichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Muranaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Fuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeyuki","family":"Muraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etsuo","family":"Chosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Ishibashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-011-0108-5","article-title":"The concept and treatment of locomotive syndrome: its acceptance and spread in Japan","volume":"16","author":"Nakamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-009-0080-8","article-title":"Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis, lumbar spondylosis, and osteoporosis in Japanese men and women: the research on osteoarthritis\/osteoporosis against disability study","volume":"27","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metabol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-013-0522-1","article-title":"Prevalence of knee pain, lumbar pain and its coexistence in Japanese men and women: the Longitudinal Cohorts of Motor System Organ (LOCOMO) study","volume":"32","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metabol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib4","first-page":"245","article-title":"The effects of self-directed home exercise with serial telephone contacts on physical functions and quality of life in elderly people at high risk of locomotor dysfunction","volume":"69","author":"Aoki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Med Okayama"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.3.378","article-title":"Disability in activities of daily living: patterns of change and a hierarchy of disability","volume":"87","author":"Dunlop","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Publ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0543-z","article-title":"Characteristics of disability in activity of daily living in elderly people associated with locomotive disorders","volume":"17","author":"Iwaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-019-01012-0","article-title":"Prevalence and co-existence of locomotive syndrome, sarcopenia, and frailty: the third survey of Research on Osteoarthritis\/Osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD) study","volume":"37","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metabol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-007-1202-6","article-title":"A \"super-aged\" society and the \"locomotive syndrome\"","volume":"13","author":"Nakamura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.3143\/geriatrics.48.630","article-title":"Motor instability syndrome (MADS: MARS)","volume":"48","author":"Hoshino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nihon R\u014dnen Igakkai Zasshi"},{"issue":"2A","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)90022-X","article-title":"The crippling consequences of fractures and their impact on quality of life","volume":"103","author":"Cooper","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-151","article-title":"High short-term and long-term excess mortality in geriatric patients after hip fracture: a prospective cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"15","author":"Hung","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib12","first-page":"731","article-title":"Operational definition of locomotive syndrome: the Japanese Orthopaedic Association 2014 criteria","volume":"88","author":"Iwaya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nippon Seikeigekagakkai Zassi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib222","series-title":"What is the condition of frailty? (What is the definition of frailty?) Clinical Guide for Frailty 2018","first-page":"2","author":"Arai","year":"2018"},{"issue":"9868","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9","article-title":"Frailty in elderly people","volume":"381","author":"Clegg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib15","unstructured":"The Japan geriatrics society. Statement on frailty from the Japan Geriatrics Society [cited November 2020]. Available from: https:\/\/www.jpn-geriat-soc.or.jp\/info\/topics\/pdf\/20140513_01_01.pdf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02982161","article-title":"The I.A.N.A Task Force on frailty assessment of older people in clinical practice","volume":"12","author":"Abellan van Kan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.050051","article-title":"A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people","volume":"173","author":"Rockwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"CMAJ (Can Med Assoc J)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.03.022","article-title":"Frailty consensus: a call to action","volume":"14","author":"Morley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2009.09.015","article-title":"In search of an integral conceptual definition of frailty: opinions of experts","volume":"11","author":"Gobbens","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib20","unstructured":"The comprehensive research team for the establishment of prevention measures against age-related muscle weakness (sarcopenia) in the elderly, funded by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare's Longevity Sciences Research Project. Sarcopenia: translation and Q&A of the European-related society\u2019s consensus on definition and diagnosis [cited March 2021]. Available from: https:\/\/www.jpn-geriat-soc.or.jp\/info\/topics\/pdf\/sarcopenia_EWGSOP_jpn-j-geriat2012.pdf."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-013-0367-2","article-title":"Cognitive frailty: rational and definition from an (I.A.N.A.\/I.A.G.G.) international consensus group","volume":"17","author":"Kelaiditi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","article-title":"Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype","volume":"56","author":"Fried","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2001.58","article-title":"Accumulation of deficits as a proxy measure of aging","volume":"1","author":"Mitnitski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2015.04.001","article-title":"Modifications to the frailty phenotype criteria: systematic review of the current literature and investigation of 262 frailty phenotypes in the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe","volume":"21","author":"Theou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13129","article-title":"Prevalence of frailty among community-dwellers and outpatients in Japan as defined by the Japanese version of the cardiovascular Health Study criteria","volume":"17","author":"Satake","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14005","article-title":"The revised Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria(revised J-CHS criteria)","volume":"20","author":"Satake","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008462","article-title":"Impact of physical frailty on disability in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Makizako","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-8-24","article-title":"A standard procedure for creating a frailty index","volume":"8","author":"Searle","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12833","article-title":"Systematic review of the Kihon Checklist: is it a reliable assessment of frailty?","volume":"16","author":"Sewo Sampaio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.08.001","article-title":"Predictive value of frailty scores for healthy life expectancy in community-dwelling older Japanese adults","volume":"16","author":"Yamada","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib31","series-title":"Clinical Guide for Frailty 2018","first-page":"4","article-title":"How is Frailty diagnosed?","author":"Arai","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib32","series-title":"Clinical Guide for Frailty 2018","first-page":"10","article-title":"What are the risk factors for frailty?","author":"Arai","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib33","series-title":"Clinical Guide for Frailty 2018","first-page":"13","article-title":"What are the outcomes of frailty?","author":"Arai","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/50.5.1231","article-title":"Summary comments","volume":"50","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034","article-title":"Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People","volume":"39","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2010","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.11.025","article-title":"Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr010","article-title":"Dynapenia and aging: an update","volume":"67","author":"Manini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib38","series-title":"The revised 2017 edition of the Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines","first-page":"2","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","article-title":"Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib41","unstructured":"Japanese association on sarcopenia and frailty website [cited March 2021]. Available from: http:\/\/jssf.umin.jp\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib42","series-title":"The revised 2017 edition of the Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines","first-page":"14","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib43","series-title":"The revised 2017 edition of the Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines","first-page":"17","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib44","series-title":"Locomotive syndrome pamphlet 2013","author":"syndrome","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2016.1226471","article-title":"Epidemiology of the locomotive syndrome: the Research on osteoarthritis\/Osteoporosis against Disability study 2005-2015","volume":"27","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-009-0080-8","article-title":"Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis, lumbar spondylosis, and osteoporosis in Japanese men and women: the research on osteoarthritis\/osteoporosis against disability study","volume":"27","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metabol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","article-title":"Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype","volume":"56","author":"Fried","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.11.025","article-title":"Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-019-01012-0","article-title":"Prevalence and co-existence of locomotive syndrome, sarcopenia, and frailty: the third survey of Research on Osteoarthritis\/Osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD) study","volume":"37","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metabol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-022-01352-4","article-title":"Trends in osteoporosis prevalence over a 10-year period in Japan: the ROAD study 2005-2015","volume":"40","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metabol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-015-0737-1","article-title":"Development of a screening program to assess motor function in the adult population: a cross-sectional observation study","volume":"20","author":"Ogata","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib55","first-page":"84","article-title":"Evaluation using the locomotive syndrome risk test","volume":"144","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nihon IJI Shinpo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib56","first-page":"214","article-title":"Epidemiology of frailty, sarcopenia, and locomotive syndrome","volume":"93","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nippon Seikeigekagakkai Zassi"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2020.01.011","article-title":"Reference values for the locomotive syndrome risk test quantifying mobility of 8681 adults aged 20-89 years: a cross-sectional nationwide study in Japan","volume":"25","author":"Yamada","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib59","series-title":"Setting a target physical fitness level for the prevention of \u201dcare-needing\u201d among elderly people living in the community Reports of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology","first-page":"151","author":"Shinkai","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib60","year":"2005"},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib61","first-page":"597","article-title":"The usefulness of a \u201dfall score\u201d in early detection of high-risk individuals for falls","volume":"65","author":"Toba","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib62","series-title":"Research and development of more efficient and effective screening indicators for care prevention (Specific elderly health checkup project) \u2013 report","year":"2008"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib63","first-page":"463","article-title":"Functional muscle strength measurement and evaluation method: effectiveness of the weight-bearing index (WBI) and practical evaluation","volume":"10","author":"Kikawa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nihon Seikeigeka Rinsho Sup\u014dtsu Ikaishi (J Jpn Orthop Sports Medicine)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib64","first-page":"362","article-title":"Evaluation of lower extremity muscle strength using the standing-up motion and its clinical application","volume":"61","author":"Muranaga","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Showa Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib65","first-page":"126","article-title":"Problems encountered by elderly individuals with disabilities when using crosswalks","volume":"24","author":"Uguisu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rigakuryoho Kagaku (The Japanese Journal of Physical Therapy Science)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib66","first-page":"102","article-title":"Crosswalk crossing time and safety","volume":"30","author":"Onodera","year":"2005","journal-title":"IATSS Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib67","first-page":"43","article-title":"Development of an early detection tool for risk of musculoskeletal disorders among elderly individuals","volume":"24","author":"Seichi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-011-0193-5","article-title":"Development of a screening tool for risk of locomotive syndrome in the elderly: the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale","volume":"17","author":"Seichi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib69","first-page":"420","article-title":"Examination of cutoff values for the locomotive syndrome screening tool (GLFS-25)","volume":"23","author":"Seichi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Phys Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib70","first-page":"409","article-title":"Development of the simple screening tool for the locomotive syndrome, GLFS-5 based on a quantitative evaluation","volume":"26","author":"Hoshino","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-014-0606-3","article-title":"Prevalence of locomotive syndrome in Japan: a nationwide, cross-sectional internet survey","volume":"19","author":"Kimura","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2015.12.012","article-title":"Epidemiologic survey of locomotive syndrome in Japan","volume":"21","author":"Seichi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2017.10.006","article-title":"The 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale predicts the risk of recurrent falls in postoperative patients with cervical myelopathy","volume":"23","author":"Kimura","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib74","first-page":"362","article-title":"Lower limb muscle strength evaluation using standing up movement and its clinical application","volume":"61","author":"Muranaga","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Showa Med Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb05006.x","article-title":"Stair negotiation in older people: a review","volume":"48","author":"Startzell","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.3143\/geriatrics.35.619","article-title":"Health promotion behavior, daily activities, and perceived transportation problems of elderly people living in a small town for from the nearest train station","volume":"35","author":"Yoshimoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi (Journal of the Japan Geriatrics Society)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(01)00220-0","article-title":"The biochemistry of aging muscle","volume":"37","author":"Carmeli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib78","first-page":"475","article-title":"Obesity and muscle mass and strength in the elderly","volume":"46","author":"Oni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1067\/mlc.2001.113504","article-title":"Sarcopenia","volume":"137","author":"Morley","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib80","first-page":"34","article-title":"Sarcopenia and locomotive syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Muraki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lipid"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib81","first-page":"837","article-title":"Body weight support and lower limb sports injuries","volume":"5","author":"Kikawa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Jpn J Sports Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib82","first-page":"141","article-title":"Lower limb muscle strength evaluation for the prevention of sports injuries","volume":"6","author":"Kikawa","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nihon Seikeigeka Rinsho Sup\u014dtsu Ikaishi (J Jpn Orthop Sports Medicine)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib83","first-page":"99","article-title":"Functional recovery training after sports injuries from the perspective of muscle strength evaluation","volume":"39","author":"Kikawa","year":"1989","journal-title":"Taiiku no Kagaku (The Science of Physical Education)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib84","first-page":"463","article-title":"Functional Mesurement and Evaluation of Muscle Strngth-Principle and Practice of WBI(Weight-Bering Index)","volume":"10","author":"Kikawa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nihon Seikeigeka Rinsho Sup\u014dtsu Ikaishi (J Jpn Orthop Sports Medicine)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib85","first-page":"367","article-title":"Adaptation of walking from the perspective of lower limb muscle strength","volume":"19","author":"Hirano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rinsho Sup\u014dtsu Igaku (Japanese Journal of Clinical Sports Medicine)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3143\/geriatrics.47.52","article-title":"Aging-related characteristics of muscle mass in Japanese people. [Nihon Ronen Igakkai zasshi]","volume":"47","author":"Tanimoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jpn J Geriatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.9759\/hppt.6.53","article-title":"The effect of grip strength and toe-grip strength on physical function in community-dwelling pre- and post-elderly women","volume":"6","author":"Nikaido","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jpn J Health Promotion and Physical Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-015-0737-1","article-title":"Development of a screening program to assess motor function in the adult population: a cross-sectional observational study","volume":"20","author":"Ogata","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib89","series-title":"Locomo pamphlet","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib90","first-page":"38","article-title":"Evaluation of the standing-up ability that can be easily estimated from lower limb muscle strength","volume":"41","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib91","first-page":"26","author":"Muranaga","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.32.1","article-title":"Simple-measured leg muscle strength and the prevalence of diabetes among Japanese males: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Kameda health study","volume":"32","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib93","first-page":"822","article-title":"Examination of locomotive syndrome during our company's medical checkup","volume":"30","author":"Izumida","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ningen Dock (Journal of the Japan Society of Ningen Dock)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib94","first-page":"301","article-title":"Development of a simple walking ability estimation method using the two-step test","volume":"63","author":"Shingo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Showa Med Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib95","first-page":"451","article-title":"The structure underlying physical performance measures for older adults in the community","volume":"7","author":"Nagasaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aging (Milano)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib96","first-page":"645","article-title":"Aging of motor function and muscle system","volume":"13","author":"Aoyagi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Jpn J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib97","first-page":"443","article-title":"Walking ability of community-dwelling older adults: longitudinal changes over 4 years","volume":"47","author":"Sugiura","year":"1998","journal-title":"Jpn J Phys Fit Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b4460","article-title":"Slow walking speed and cardiovascular death in well-functioning older adults: prospective cohort study","volume":"339","author":"Dumurgier","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53501.x","article-title":"Prognostic value of usual gait speed in well-functioning older people - results from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study","volume":"53","author":"Cesari","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib100","first-page":"217","article-title":"Difference between optimal walking speed and fastest walking speed \u2013 analysis using GAITRite","volume":"19","author":"Shin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib101","first-page":"73","article-title":"Significance of evaluating walking ability in the elderly: from a biomechanical viewpoint (special feature on physical fitness research division)","volume":"5","author":"Takafumi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Jpn J Physiol Anthropol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib102","first-page":"179","article-title":"A comparison of walking movements between young and elderly individuals: focusing on walking speed","volume":"7","author":"Yanagawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Jpn J Biomech Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1537\/ase1911.98.385","article-title":"Human gait \u2013 from the perspective of stride, cadence, speed, and energy metabolism","volume":"98","author":"Yamasaki","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Anthropol Soc Nippon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/26.1.15","article-title":"Comfortable and maximum walking speed of adults aged 20-79 years: reference values and determinants","volume":"26","author":"Bohannon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/25.5.386","article-title":"Evidence for a non-linear relationship between leg strength and gait speed","volume":"25","author":"Buchner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B398","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.9.B398","article-title":"Relationship between muscle strength and the time taken to complete a standardized walk-turn-walk test","volume":"56","author":"Kwon","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib107","first-page":"689","article-title":"Correlation between knee extension strength and walking speed and independent gait in elderly patients","volume":"26","author":"Yamazaki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sogo Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-015-0737-1","article-title":"Development of a screening program to assess motor function in the adult population: a cross-sectional observational study","volume":"20","author":"Ogata","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib109","series-title":"Locomo pamphlet","year":"2020"},{"issue":"67","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib110","first-page":"42","article-title":"The relationship between the standing-up test, two-step test, and balance and gait speed","volume":"683","author":"Muranaga","year":"2020","journal-title":"CLINICIAN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib111","series-title":"Traffic engineering practice series\/traffic engineering research society)","first-page":"153","article-title":"Traffic phenomena and traffic capacity","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib112","first-page":"221","volume":"28","author":"Ishigaki","year":"2017"},{"issue":"Suppl No:2","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib113","first-page":"1086","article-title":"Cut-off values for the two-step test in determining outdoor walking independence in post-stroke hemiplegic patients","volume":"42","author":"Kimura","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13129","article-title":"Prevalence of frailty among community-dwellers and outpatients in Japan as defined by the Japanese version of the cardiovascular Health Study criteria","volume":"17","author":"Satake","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib116","series-title":"Locomotive syndrome pamphlet","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2018.08.004","article-title":"Lumbar spinal canal stenosis leads to Locomotive syndrome in elderly patients","volume":"24","author":"Fujita","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2020.01.011","article-title":"Reference values for the Locomotive syndrome risk test quantifying mobility of 8681 adults aged 20-89 years: a cross-sectional nationwide study in Japan","volume":"25","author":"Yamada","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw043","article-title":"Age-related change in mobility: perspectives from life course epidemiology and geroscience","volume":"71","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503023320902","article-title":"Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability","volume":"332","author":"Guralnik","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib121","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Elderly population and certification rate of long-term care needs (by age group, 2009) [cited July 2020]. Available from: https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/shingi\/2010\/05\/dl\/s0531-13d_0007.pdf. (in Japanese)."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2020.01.011","article-title":"Reference values for the locomotive syndrome risk test quantifying mobility of 8681 adults aged 20-89 years: a cross-sectional nationwide study in Japan","volume":"25","author":"Yamada","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib123","first-page":"301","article-title":"Development of a convenient way to predict ability to walk, using a two-step test","volume":"63","author":"Muranaga","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Showa Med Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000488","article-title":"Self-selected and maximal walking speeds provide greater insight into fall status than walking speed reserve among community-dwelling older adults","volume":"95","author":"Middleton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b4460","article-title":"Slow walking speed and cardiovascular death in well functioning older adults: prospective cohort study","volume":"339","author":"Dumurgier","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib126","first-page":"362","article-title":"Evaluation of the muscular strength of the lower extremities using the standing movement and clinical application","volume":"61","author":"Muranaga","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Showa Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2017.05.001","article-title":"Relationship between physical performance and self-reported function in healthy individuals across the lifespan","volume":"30","author":"Baldwin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Sci Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib128","first-page":"106","article-title":"Aiming for an 80% recognition rate of locomotive syndrome: the Locomo-Monitor Project \u2013 a large-scale epidemiological study and prevention and awareness activities using smartphones","volume":"5","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Loco Cure"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2019.08.009","article-title":"A nationwide observational study of locomotive syndrome in Japan using the ResearchKit: the Locomonitor study","volume":"24","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12053","article-title":"Relationships between body mass index, lifestyle habits, and locomotive syndrome in young- and middle-aged adults: a cross-sectional survey of workers in Japan","volume":"61","author":"Ohtsuki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2019.08.005","article-title":"Lifestyle-related signs of locomotive syndrome in the general Japanese population: a cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"Yoshinaga","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0630-1","article-title":"Lifestyle factors are significantly associated with the locomotive syndrome: a cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Akahane","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-014-0248-6","article-title":"Lifestyle and osteoporosis","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib134","series-title":"Locomo pamphlet","year":"2020"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib135","first-page":"1173","article-title":"The concept of locomotive syndrome and musculoskeletal rehabilitation","volume":"264","author":"Chosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Igaku no Ayumi"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afos.2018.09.004","article-title":"Locomotive syndrome in Japan","volume":"4","author":"Ishibashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoporos Sarcopenia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-006-1057-2","article-title":"Effects of unipedal standing balance exercise on the prevention of falls and hip fracture among clinically defined high-risk elderly individuals: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00893","article-title":"Eight-week low-intensity squat training at slow speed simultaneously improves knee and hip flexion and extension strength","volume":"11","author":"Akagi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2017.1346024","article-title":"Effects of different heel-raise-lower exercise interventions on the strength of plantarflexion, balance, and gait parameters in stroke survivors","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiother Theor Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib140","first-page":"237","article-title":"Effects of locomotion training on locomotive syndrome \u2013 cases where training was continued for 6 months","volume":"21","author":"Ota","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib141","first-page":"77","article-title":"Accumulation of evidence on locomotive syndrome: verification of the predictive ability of the locomotion check for exercise function and the effect of locomotion training on exercise function improvement in elderly people","volume":"24","author":"Ishibashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib142","first-page":"68","article-title":"Changes in motor ability and awareness of falls in subjects with locomotive syndrome following locomotion training: a comparison study of training implementation","volume":"25","author":"Amano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib143","first-page":"1","article-title":"Verification of the effectiveness of a locomotive syndrome prevention classroom in our hospital","volume":"64","author":"Goto","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Jpn Assoc Rural Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib144","first-page":"1412","article-title":"Measures for locomotive syndrome \u2013 the effectiveness of the locomoco-call","volume":"64","author":"Yasumura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib145","first-page":"531","article-title":"The investigation of improvement effect on physical function and its sustainability after 6 months by \u201cLOCOMO CALL\u201d program as municipal nursing care prevention project","volume":"4","author":"Arai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Jpn Osteoporos Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2018.03.011","article-title":"The impact of exercise and vitamin D supplementation on physical function in community-dwelling elderly individuals: a randomized trial","volume":"23","author":"Aoki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0949265825001678?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0949265825001678?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T02:10:42Z","timestamp":1762481442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0949265825001678"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":141,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0949265825001678"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0949-2658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0949-2658","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Locomotive syndrome clinical practice guide 2021 (Abridged Translation Version)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Orthopaedic Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jos.2025.05.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Published by Elsevier B.V\u00e9","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}