{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:22:00Z","timestamp":1790011320187,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":328,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01DA051715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01DA051715"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA040488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA040488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsatjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T05:37:00Z","timestamp":1676957820000},"page":"208986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Daily opioid and stimulant co-use and nonfatal overdoses in the context of social disadvantage: Findings on marginalized populations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"A.A.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.E.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.E.","family":"Tobin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"O'Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.A.","family":"Latkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102718","article-title":"A descriptive study of racial and ethnic differences of drug overdoses and naloxone administration in Pennsylvania","volume":"78","author":"Barboza","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.03.014","article-title":"Sociodemographic factors and social determinants associated with toxicology confirmed polysubstance opioid-related deaths","volume":"200","author":"Barocas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108148","article-title":"Cocaine use and overdose mortality in the United States: Evidence from two national data sources, 2002\u20132018","volume":"214","author":"Cano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305412","article-title":"Polysubstance use: A broader understanding of substance use during the opioid crisis","volume":"110","author":"Cicero","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0040","first-page":"1","article-title":"Polysubstance use in the US opioid crisis","author":"Compton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109085","article-title":"Nonfatal stimulant overdose among homeless and unstably housed women in San Francisco, California","volume":"228","author":"Davy-Mendez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224686","article-title":"More than just availability: Who has access and who administers take-home naloxone in Baltimore, MD","volume":"14","author":"Dayton","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-020-00439-5","article-title":"Racial disparities in overdose prevention among people who inject drugs","volume":"97","author":"Dayton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1192","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30375-3","article-title":"Global prevalence of injecting drug use and sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in people who inject drugs: A multistage systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Degenhardt","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S182","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000628","article-title":"Women who use or inject drugs: an action agenda for women-specific, multilevel and combination HIV prevention and research","volume":"69","author":"El-Bassel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-019-0352-0","article-title":"Preventing opioid overdose with peer-administered naloxone: Findings from a rural state","volume":"17","author":"Hanson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Harm Reduction Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0080","series-title":"Co-involvement of opioids in drug overdose deaths involving cocaine and psychostimulants","author":"Hedegaard","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354920968806","article-title":"Differences in opioid overdose mortality rates among middle-aged adults by race\/ethnicity and sex, 1999\u20132018","volume":"136","author":"Hoopsick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S176","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000659","article-title":"HIV, HCV and health-related harms among women who inject drugs: Implications for prevention and treatment","volume":"69","author":"Iversen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.08.009","article-title":"Permanent supportive housing with housing first: Findings from a community guide systematic economic review","volume":"62","author":"Jacob","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.08.031","article-title":"Trends and correlates of cocaine use and cocaine use disorder in the United States from 2011 to 2015","volume":"180","author":"John","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/0022042618795141","article-title":"Risky sexual behaviors, substance use, and perceptions of risky behaviors among criminal justice involved women who trade sex","volume":"49","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108412","article-title":"Racial differences in overdose training, naloxone possession, and naloxone administration among clients and nonclients of a syringe services program","volume":"129","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0125","article-title":"Fentanyl overdose concerns among people who inject drugs: The role of sex, racial minority status, and overdose prevention efforts","author":"Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.10.008","article-title":"Factors associated with naloxone administration in an opioid dependent sample","volume":"84","author":"Kenney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.019","article-title":"The impact of a housing first randomized controlled trial on substance use problems among homeless individuals with mental illness","volume":"146","author":"Kirst","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108329","article-title":"Who stays in medication treatment for opioid use disorder? A national study of outpatient specialty treatment settings","volume":"126","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-3107","article-title":"Medication for opioid use disorder after nonfatal opioid overdose and association with mortality: A cohort study","volume":"169","author":"Larochelle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2018.1555597","article-title":"Fentanyl and drug overdose: Perceptions of fentanyl risk, overdose risk behaviors, and opportunities for intervention among people who use opioids in Baltimore, USA","volume":"54","author":"Latkin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.03.012","article-title":"Stigma and drug use settings as correlates of self-reported, nonfatal overdose among people who use drugs in Baltimore, Maryland","volume":"68","author":"Latkin","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15116","article-title":"Polysubstance use and association with opioid use disorder treatment in the US veterans health administration","volume":"116","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108912","article-title":"Predictors of having naloxone in urban and rural Oregon findings from NHBS and the OR-HOPE study","volume":"227","author":"Lipira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30162-6","article-title":"Using the right words to address racial disparities in COVID-19","volume":"5","author":"Milner","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107658","article-title":"Racial differences in overdose events and polydrug detection in Indianapolis, Indiana","volume":"206","author":"Ray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.22153","article-title":"Overdose prevention centers: An essential strategy to address the overdose crisis","volume":"5","author":"Samuels","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadr.2022.100054","article-title":"Parenting and childcare responsibilities, harm reduction service engagement, and opioid overdose among women and men who use illicit opioids in New York City","volume":"3","author":"Scheidell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports"},{"issue":"0 1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S155","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000637","article-title":"Drug treatment as HIV prevention among women and girls who inject drugs from a global perspective: progress, gaps, and future directions","volume":"69","author":"Springer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108284","article-title":"Kentucky women's justice community opioid innovation network (JCOIN): A type 1 effectiveness-implementation hybrid trial to increase utilization of medications for opioid use disorder among justice-involved women","volume":"128","author":"Staton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.07.003","article-title":"Awareness and access to naloxone necessary but not sufficient: Examining gaps in the naloxone cascade","volume":"59","author":"Tobin","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwab290","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic and geographic trends in combined stimulant\/opioid overdoses, 2007\u20132019","volume":"191","author":"Townsend","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13928","article-title":"Effects of comorbid substance use disorders on outcomes in a housing first intervention for homeless people with mental illness","volume":"113","author":"Urbanoski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106518","article-title":"Trends in heroin use among women of reproductive age in the United States, 2004\u20132017","volume":"110","author":"Vanderziel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6801a1","article-title":"Drug overdose deaths among women aged 30\u201364 years\u2014United States, 1999\u20132017","volume":"68","author":"VanHouten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.158337","article-title":"Race and distance effects on regular syringe exchange program use and injection risks: A geobehavioral analysis","volume":"100","author":"Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S294987592300036X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S294987592300036X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T15:50:02Z","timestamp":1757433002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S294987592300036X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S294987592300036X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986","relation":{},"ISSN":["2949-8759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2949-8759","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Daily opioid and stimulant co-use and nonfatal overdoses in the context of social disadvantage: Findings on marginalized populations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.josat.2023.208986","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"208986"}}