{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T21:50:34Z","timestamp":1778363434773,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021838","name":"Royal College of Physicians of Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RCQPS-2020-016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCQPS-2020-016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021838","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010414","name":"Health Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsatjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T03:26:13Z","timestamp":1680233173000},"page":"209029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impact of changes to the delivery of opioid agonist treatment, introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, on treatment access and dropout in Ireland: An interrupted time series analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Louise","family":"Durand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Boland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norma","family":"Harnedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00cdde","family":"Delargy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Scully","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Bourke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Ebbitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Otero V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eamon","family":"Keenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gr\u00e1inne","family":"Cousins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0005","series-title":"Understanding and using time series analyses in addiction research","first-page":"19","author":"Beard","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15736","article-title":"Modeling the population-level impact of opioid agonist treatment on mortality among people accessing treatment between 2001 and 2020 in New South WalesAustralia","volume":"117","author":"Chaillon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13087","article-title":"Risk of mortality on and off methadone substitution treatment in primary care: A national cohort study","volume":"111","author":"Cousins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/hrbopenres.13341.1","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on opioid agonist treatment in Ireland: Protocol for an interrupted time series analysis (4,91)","author":"Cousins","year":"2021","journal-title":"HRB Open Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2307\/2951684","article-title":"Testing the autocorrelation structure of disturbances in ordinary least squares and instrumental variables regressions","volume":"60","author":"Cumby","year":"1992","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"issue":"10208","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32229-9","article-title":"Global patterns of opioid use and dependence: Harms to populations, interventions, and future action","volume":"394","author":"Degenhardt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-018-0272-4","article-title":"Twenty years of the methadone treatment protocol in Ireland: Reflections on the role of general practice","volume":"16","author":"Delargy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Harm Reduction Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108466","article-title":"Factors associated with early and later dropout from methadone maintenance treatment in specialist addiction clinics: A six-year cohort study using proportional hazards frailty models for recurrent treatment episodes","volume":"219","author":"Durand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15004","article-title":"Do interruptions to the continuity of methadone maintenance treatment in specialist addiction settings increase the risk of drug-related poisoning deaths?A retrospective cohort study","volume":"115","author":"Durand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.1271","article-title":"Association between increased dispensing of opioid agonist therapy take-home doses and opioid overdose and treatment interruption and discontinuation","volume":"327","author":"Gomes","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1969.10490657","article-title":"Procedures for detecting outlying observations in samples","volume":"11","author":"Grubbs","year":"1969","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0060","article-title":"Overview of tertiary addictions services response to opioid dependence during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"1\u201314","author":"Hennigan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0065","article-title":"Interrupted time series regression for the evaluation of public health interventions: A tutorial","volume":"dyw098","author":"Lopez Bernal","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"107741","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0070","article-title":"A repeated cross-sectional study of factors associated with pregabalin-positive poisoning deaths in Ireland","volume":"206","author":"Lynn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-048000","article-title":"Trends in drug poisoning deaths, by sex, in Ireland: A repeated cross-sectional study from 2004 to 2017","volume":"11","author":"Lynn","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15080","article-title":"Mitigating and learning from the impact of COVID-19 infection on addictive disorders","volume":"115","author":"Marsden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0085","series-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","article-title":"Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence","author":"Mattick","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0090","article-title":"A qualitative study exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people who inject drugs (PWID) and drug service provision in the UK: PWID and service provider perspectives [Preprint]","author":"May","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addiction Medicine"},{"issue":"64","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0095","article-title":"New estimates of problem opiate use in Ireland","author":"Millar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drugnet Ireland"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.2307\/1913610","article-title":"A simple, positive semi-definite, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent covariance matrix","volume":"55","author":"Newey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0105","article-title":"Trend estimators and serial correlation","author":"Prais","year":"1954","journal-title":"Cowles Commission discussion paper No. 383 Chicago."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0976","article-title":"Association of opioid agonist treatment with all-cause mortality and specific causes of death among people with opioid dependence: A systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Santo","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181577511","article-title":"Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and elaboration","volume":"18","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1212","article-title":"Collision of the COVID-19 and addiction epidemics","volume":"173","author":"Volkow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949875923000796?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949875923000796?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T15:48:54Z","timestamp":1757432934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2949875923000796"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S2949875923000796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029","relation":{},"ISSN":["2949-8759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2949-8759","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of changes to the delivery of opioid agonist treatment, introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, on treatment access and dropout in Ireland: An interrupted time series analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209029","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"209029"}}