{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T16:11:38Z","timestamp":1777997498804,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":303,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA042938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA042938"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsatjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T19:29:39Z","timestamp":1722022179000},"page":"209454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cannabis use and alcohol and drug outcomes in a longitudinal sample of sober living house residents in California"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Meenakshi S.","family":"Subbaraman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Mahoney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Mericle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Polcin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.8.1507","article-title":"Postdischarge cannabis use and its relationship to cocaine, alcohol, and heroin use: A prospective study","volume":"162","author":"Aharonovich","year":"2005","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb1025","series-title":"Staying in touch: A field work manual of tracking procedures for locating substance abusers for follow-up studies","author":"Anglin","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.11.024","article-title":"Characteristics of substance use disorder treatment patients using medical cannabis for pain","volume":"42","author":"Ashrafioun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192416759","article-title":"Polysubstance use patterns among outpatients undergoing substance use disorder treatment: A latent class analysis","volume":"19","author":"Bonfiglio","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0020","unstructured":"Cannabis Companies Encourage Drinkers to Go \u201cCalifornia Sober\u201d. (2023, March 27). Bloomberg.Com. https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/newsletters\/2023-03-27\/a-look-at-california-sober-and-why-it-s-helping-weed."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881111408463","article-title":"Substitution therapy for alcoholism: Time for a reappraisal?","volume":"26","author":"Chick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(01)00130-2","article-title":"The relationship between cannabis use and other substance use in the general population","volume":"64","author":"Degenhardt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14765","article-title":"Abstinence versus moderation recovery pathways following resolution of a substance use problem: Prevalence, predictors, and relationship to psychosocial well-being in a U.S. national sample","volume":"46","author":"Eddie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0030","author":"Grinspoon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.07.004","article-title":"Communicating THC levels and \u2018dose\u2019 to consumers: Implications for product labelling and packaging of cannabis products in regulated markets","volume":"91","author":"Hammond","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.03.005","article-title":"Trends over time in adult cannabis use: A review of recent findings","volume":"38","author":"Hasin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2017.06.004","article-title":"DSM-5 cannabis use disorder, substance use and DSM-5 specific substance-use disorders: Evaluating comorbidity in a population-based sample","volume":"27","author":"Hayley","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology: The Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0045","author":"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/people\/robin-abcarian"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb1040","first-page":"428","article-title":"Contribution of alcohol and drug co-use to substance use problems: Data from a nationally-representative sample of U.S. adults who have never been to treatment","volume":"35","author":"Karriker-Jaffe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nordisk Alkohol Nark"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12275","article-title":"A safer alternative: Cannabis substitution as harm reduction","volume":"34","author":"Lau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2012.733465","article-title":"Cannabis as a substitute for alcohol and other drugs: A dispensary-based survey of substitution effect in Canadian medical cannabis patients","volume":"21","author":"Lucas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addiction Research & Theory"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12323","article-title":"Substituting cannabis for prescription drugs, alcohol and other substances among medical cannabis patients: The impact of contextual factors","volume":"35","author":"Lucas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106752","article-title":"High prevalence of co-occurring substance use in individuals with opioid use disorder","volume":"114","author":"Mahoney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0740-5472(92)90062-S","article-title":"The fifth edition of the addiction severity index","volume":"9","author":"McLellan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.12.004","article-title":"Sober living house characteristics: A multilevel analyses of factors associated with improved outcomes","volume":"98","author":"Mericle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2014.976726","article-title":"A critical component of the continuum of care for substance use disorders: Recovery homes in Philadelphia","volume":"47","author":"Mericle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109188","article-title":"Identifying the availability of recovery housing in the U.S.: The NSTARR project","volume":"230","author":"Mericle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0090","article-title":"Use of Cannabis as a harm reduction strategy among people who use drugs: A cohort study","author":"Mok","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306168","article-title":"Use of Cannabis for harm reduction among people at high risk for overdose in Vancouver, Canada (2016\u20132018)","volume":"111","author":"Mok","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0105","author":"National Alliance for Recovery Residences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0110","author":"National Alliance for Recovery Residences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-021-00512-5","article-title":"\u201cIf I knew I could get that every hour instead of alcohol, I would take the cannabis\u201d: Need and feasibility of cannabis substitution implementation in Canadian managed alcohol programs","volume":"18","author":"Pauly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Harm Reduction Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2016.1172910","article-title":"Prevalence and trajectories of psychiatric symptoms among sober living house residents","volume":"12","author":"Polcin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Dual Diagnosis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/ADT.0000000000000105","article-title":"Housing status, psychiatric symptoms, and substance abuse outcomes among sober living house residents over 18 months","volume":"16","author":"Polcin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2010.10400705","article-title":"What did we learn from our study on sober living houses and where do we go from here?","volume":"42","author":"Polcin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.3109\/16066350903398460","article-title":"Recovery from addiction in two types of sober living houses: 12-Month outcomes","volume":"18","author":"Polcin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction Research & Theory"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2010.02.003","article-title":"Sober living houses for alcohol and drug dependence: 18-Month outcomes","volume":"38","author":"Polcin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/07347324.2023.2167528","article-title":"Moving social model recovery forward: Recent research on sober living houses","volume":"41","author":"Polcin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-6-35","article-title":"Cannabis as a substitute for alcohol and other drugs","volume":"6","author":"Reiman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Harm Reduction Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.07.011","article-title":"Probability and predictors of the cannabis gateway effect: A national study","volume":"26","author":"Secades-Villa","year":"2015","journal-title":"The International Journal on Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0155","author":"SFGATE, D. G"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agt182","article-title":"Can cannabis be considered a substitute medication for alcohol?","volume":"49","author":"Subbaraman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.07.010","article-title":"Differences between abstinent and non-abstinent individuals in recovery from alcohol use disorders","volume":"39","author":"Subbaraman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12698","article-title":"Simultaneous versus concurrent use of alcohol and cannabis in the National Alcohol Survey","volume":"39","author":"Subbaraman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2018.79.935","article-title":"Alcohol use and risk of related problems among Cannabis users is lower among those with medical Cannabis recommendations, though not due to health","volume":"79","author":"Subbaraman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2023.2245123","article-title":"Six-month length of stay associated with better recovery outcomes among residents of sober living houses","author":"Subbaraman","year":"2023","journal-title":"The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454_bb0190","unstructured":"What is California Sober? (2021, October 18). Cleveland Clinic. https:\/\/health.clevelandclinic.org\/what-is-cali-sober\/."}],"container-title":["Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949875924001668?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949875924001668?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T08:42:12Z","timestamp":1728636132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2949875924001668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S2949875924001668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454","relation":{},"ISSN":["2949-8759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2949-8759","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cannabis use and alcohol and drug outcomes in a longitudinal sample of sober living house residents in California","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209454","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"209454"}}