{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T23:39:59Z","timestamp":1783640399671,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":280,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007217","name":"VA HSR&D","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007217","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsatjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T19:30:05Z","timestamp":1722022205000},"page":"209461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Are gaps in rates of retention on buprenorphine for treatment of opioid use disorder closing among veterans across different races and ethnicities? A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Corey J.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Raciborski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley C.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa J.","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare C.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Pro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Cucciare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.541","article-title":"Collaborative care of opioid-addicted patients in primary care using buprenorphine","volume":"171","author":"Alford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.4005","article-title":"Medical cannabis laws and opioid analgesic overdose mortality in the United States, 1999-2010","volume":"174","author":"Bachhuber","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2017.05.009","article-title":"Oral substitution treatment of injecting opioid users for prevention of HIV infection","volume":"28","author":"Barajas-Nava","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12097","article-title":"Prevalence of diagnosed opioid abuse and its economic burden in the veterans health administration","volume":"14","author":"Baser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Practice: The Official Journal of World Institute of Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-4975-3","article-title":"Reframing implementation science to address inequities in healthcare delivery","volume":"20","author":"Baumann","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0030","unstructured":"CDC\/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). (n.d.). Retrieved October 23, 2023, from https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/placeandhealth\/svi\/index.html."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.1207","article-title":"Trends in buprenorphine initiation and retention in the United States, 2016-2022","volume":"329","author":"Chua","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108146","article-title":"A systematic review of patients\u2019 and providers\u2019 perspectives of medications for treatment of opioid use disorder","volume":"119","author":"Cioe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.05.010","article-title":"Predictors of buprenorphine treatment success of opioid dependence in two Baltimore City grassroots recovery programs","volume":"73","author":"Damian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.3673","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in buprenorphine treatment duration in the US","volume":"80","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunphy, C. C., Zhang, K., Xu, L., & Guy, G. P. (2022). Racial\u2013ethnic disparities of buprenorphine and vivitrol receipt in medicaid. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 63(5), 717\u2013725. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AMEPRE.2022.05.006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.05.006"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199801000-00004","article-title":"Comorbidity measures for use with administrative data","volume":"36","author":"Elixhauser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0247","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of treatments for opioid use disorder","volume":"78","author":"Fairley","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000719","article-title":"Disparities in access to medications for opioid use disorder in the veterans health administration","volume":"15","author":"Finlay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Addiction Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2020.1787299","article-title":"Stepped Care for Opioid use Disorder Train the Trainer (SCOUTT) initiative: Expanding access to medication treatment for opioid use disorder within Veterans Health Administration facilities","volume":"41","author":"Gordon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Substance Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2023.109902","article-title":"Buprenorphine use and courses of care for opioid use disorder treatment within the veterans health administration","volume":"248","author":"Gordon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-018-0127-z","article-title":"Advancing pharmacological treatments for opioid use disorder (ADaPT-OUD): Protocol for testing a novel strategy to improve implementation of medication-assisted treatment for veterans with opioid use disorders in low-performing facilities","volume":"13","author":"Hagedorn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction Science & Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2232314","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.32314","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in drug overdose deaths in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"5","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14668","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in emergency department-initiated buprenorphine across five health care systems","volume":"30","author":"Holland","year":"2023","journal-title":"Academic Emergency Medicine\u202f: Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.05.010","article-title":"Very early disengagement and subsequent re-engagement in primary care office based opioid treatment (OBOT) with buprenorphine","volume":"79","author":"Hui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108583","article-title":"Identifying individuals with opioid use disorder: Validity of international classification of diseases diagnostic codes for opioid use, dependence and abuse","volume":"221","author":"Lagisetty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.0876","article-title":"Buprenorphine treatment divide by race\/ethnicity and payment","volume":"76","author":"Lagisetty","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-3107","article-title":"Medication for opioid use disorder after nonfatal opioid overdose and association with mortality","volume":"169","author":"Larochelle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0130","article-title":"Spatial exploration of the CDC\u2019s social vulnerability index and heat-related health outcomes in Georgia","volume":"46","author":"Lehnert","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction\u00a0: IJDRR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0135","series-title":"SUD pharmacotherapy in VHA","author":"Malte","year":"2019"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201700363","article-title":"Three-year retention in buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder among privately insured adults","volume":"69","author":"Manhapra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12553","article-title":"Three-year retention in buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder nationally in the veterans health administration","volume":"26","author":"Manhapra","year":"2017","journal-title":"The American Journal on Addictions"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2023.00205","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in buprenorphine receipt among Medicare beneficiaries, 2015-19","volume":"42","author":"Miles","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Affairs (Project Hope)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000735","article-title":"Identifying increased risk of readmission and in-hospital mortality using hospital administrative data: The AHRQ Elixhauser comorbidity index","volume":"55","author":"Moore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.031","article-title":"Overdose following initiation of naltrexone and buprenorphine medication treatment for opioid use disorder in a United States commercially insured cohort","volume":"200","author":"Morgan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2214765","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.14765","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in buprenorphine and extended-release naltrexone filled prescriptions during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"5","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0170","first-page":"CD011117","article-title":"Opioid agonist treatment for pharmaceutical opioid dependent people","volume":"5","author":"Nielsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-4011","article-title":"The Management of Substance use Disorders: Synopsis of the 2021 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense clinical practice guideline","volume":"175","author":"Perry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-022-00286-6","article-title":"Rationale, design and methods of VA-BRAVE: A randomized comparative effectiveness trial of two formulations of buprenorphine for treatment of opioid use disorder in veterans","volume":"17","author":"Petrakis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addiction Science & Clinical Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0190","unstructured":"Pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder - NCQA. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2023, from https:\/\/www.ncqa.org\/hedis\/measures\/pharmacotherapy-for-opioid-use-disorder\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2022.2074601","article-title":"Differences in the delivery of medications for opioid use disorder during hospitalization by racial categories: A retrospective cohort analysis","volume":"43","author":"Priest","year":"2022","journal-title":"Substance Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228755","article-title":"Interaction effects in the association between methadone maintenance therapy and experiences of racial discrimination in U.S. healthcare settings","volume":"15","author":"Pro","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000727","article-title":"Patterns of buprenorphine-naloxone treatment for opioid use disorder in a multistate population","volume":"55","author":"Saloner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.09.001","article-title":"Risk factors for discontinuation of buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorders in a multi-state sample of Medicaid enrollees","volume":"95","author":"Samples","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2147\/PROM.S297699","article-title":"The inclusion of Patients\u2019 reported outcomes to inform treatment effectiveness measures in opioid use disorder","volume":"13","author":"Sanger","year":"2022","journal-title":"A Systematic Review. Patient Related Outcome Measures"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14398","article-title":"High-intensity cannabis use is associated with retention in opioid agonist treatment: A longitudinal analysis","volume":"113","author":"Soc\u00edas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0230","article-title":"Mortality risk during and after opioid substitution treatment: Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"357","author":"Sordo","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108849","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic disparities in the use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and their effects on residential drug treatment outcomes in the US","volume":"226","author":"Stahler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0240","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Surgeon General"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0245","unstructured":"USDA ERS - Rural-urban commuting area codes. (n.d.). Retrieved October 2, 2023, from https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/rural-urban-commuting-area-codes\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0250","unstructured":"VA Priority Groups. (n.d.). Retrieved November 27, 2023, from https:\/\/veteran.com\/va-priority-groups\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19060612","article-title":"Acute care, prescription opioid use, and overdose following discontinuation of long-term buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder","volume":"177","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1201200209","article-title":"Using the margins command to estimate and interpret adjusted predictions and marginal effects","volume":"12","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Stata Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2018.1452327","article-title":"Medications for opioid use disorder in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system: Historical perspective, lessons learned, and next steps","volume":"39","author":"Wyse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Substance Abuse"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-023-08027-4","article-title":"Access to medications for opioid use disorder in rural versus urban veterans health administration facilities","volume":"38","author":"Wyse","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949875924001735?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949875924001735?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T09:18:50Z","timestamp":1728638330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2949875924001735"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S2949875924001735"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461","relation":{},"ISSN":["2949-8759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2949-8759","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Are gaps in rates of retention on buprenorphine for treatment of opioid use disorder closing among veterans across different races and ethnicities? A retrospective cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209461","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"209461"}}