{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:39:16Z","timestamp":1792067956473,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766793600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":301,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013434","name":"New York University Center for Drug Use and HIV Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01DA053159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01DA053159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25DA037190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25DA037190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA052426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA052426"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3R01DA046653-04S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3R01DA046653-04S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDUHR - P30 DA011041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDUHR - P30 DA011041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsatjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T07:51:51Z","timestamp":1734940311000},"page":"209616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["\u201cI still can feel the sickness\u201d: Withdrawal experiences of people on methadone maintenance treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Frank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex S.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles M.","family":"Cleland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth E.","family":"Meyerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle M.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzan M.","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caty","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy D.","family":"Scheidell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luther","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0005","article-title":"To save lives from opioid overdose deaths, bring methadone into mainstream medicine","author":"Adams","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Affairs Forefront."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.10.016","article-title":"Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review","volume":"134","author":"Armenian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104275","article-title":"Systematic evaluation of \u201ccompliance\u201d to prescribed treatment medications and \u201cabstinence\u201d from psychoactive drug abuse in chemical dependence programs: Data from the comprehensive analysis of reported drugs","volume":"9","author":"Blum","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.107932","article-title":"Opioid withdrawal symptoms, frequency, and pain characteristics as correlates of health risk among people who inject drugs","volume":"211","author":"Bluthenthal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108832","article-title":"Adapting methadone inductions to the fentanyl era","volume":"141","author":"Buresh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0030","series-title":"Critical perspectives on addiction","article-title":"Medicalization and biomedicalization: Does the diseasing of addiction fit the frame?","author":"Campbell","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089609045806","article-title":"Methadone maintenance and addicts\u2019 risk of fatal heroin overdose","volume":"31","author":"Caplehorn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1999.tb127675.x","article-title":"Mortality associated with New South Wales methadone programs in 1994: Lives lost and saved","volume":"170","author":"Caplehorn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(83)90041-8","article-title":"Patient perspectives of opiate withdrawal","volume":"12","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.18.080192.001233","article-title":"Medicalization and social control","volume":"18","author":"Conrad","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109077","article-title":"Associations between fentanyl use and initiation, persistence, and retention on medications for opioid use disorder among people living with uncontrolled HIV disease","volume":"228","author":"Cook","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.02025.x","article-title":"Risk of fatal overdose during and after specialist drug treatment: The VEdeTTE study, a national multi-site prospective cohort study","volume":"102","author":"Davoli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2007.0036","article-title":"Patterns of illicit drug use and retention in a methadone program: A longitudinal study","volume":"3","author":"Davstad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Opioid Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.01.004","article-title":"Consumer and treatment provider perspectives on reducing barriers to opioid substitution treatment and improving treatment attractiveness","volume":"36","author":"Deering","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3995-y","article-title":"A call for consensus in defining efficacy in clinical trials for opioid addiction: Combined results from a systematic review and qualitative study in patients receiving pharmacological assisted therapy for opioid use disorder","volume":"21","author":"Dennis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2005.08.002","article-title":"Patterns of heroin, cocaine, and alcohol abuse during long-term methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"29","author":"Dobler-Mikola","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(99)90090-5","article-title":"Steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in methadone maintenance patients: Comparison of those who do and do not experience withdrawal and concentration-effect relationships","volume":"65","author":"Dyer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1997.tb02866.x","article-title":"Patterns of symptom complaints in methadone maintenance patients","volume":"92","author":"Dyer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2024.104487","article-title":"Comparing methadone policy and practice in France and the US: Implications for US policy reform","volume":"129","author":"Englander","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-022-07939-x","article-title":"Envisioning minimally disruptive opioid use disorder care","volume":"38","author":"Englander","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108276","article-title":"Take-home dosing experiences among persons receiving methadone maintenance treatment during COVID-19","volume":"123","author":"Figgatt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2017.1310247","article-title":"\u201cI was not sick and I didn\u2019t need to recover\u201d: Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) as a refuge from criminalization","volume":"53","author":"Frank","year":"2018","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5617\/jea.6737","article-title":"We\u2019re gonna be addressing your Pepsi use","volume":"3","author":"Frank","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Extreme Anthropology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102844","article-title":"Methadone maintenance treatment is swapping one drug for another, and that's why it works: Towards a treatment-based critique of the war on drugs","volume":"83","author":"Frank","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2020.1824046","article-title":"\u201cThat\u2019s no longer tolerated\u201d: Policing patients\u2019 use of non-opioid substances in methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"53","author":"Frank","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-023-00893-9","article-title":"\u201cAs safe as possible\u201d: A qualitative study of opioid withdrawal and risk behavior among people who use illegal opioids","volume":"20","author":"Frank","year":"2023","journal-title":"Harm Reduction Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-021-00535-y","article-title":"\u201cIt\u2019s like \u2018liquid handcuffs\u2019\u201d: The effects of take-home dosing policies on Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) patients\u2019 lives","volume":"18","author":"Frank","year":"2021","journal-title":"Harm Reduction Journal"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14614","article-title":"How the complex pharmacology of the fentanyls contributes to their lethality","volume":"114","author":"Gill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addiction (Abingdon, England)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18584\/iipj.2018.9.2.3","article-title":"\u201cWe\u2019ve been researched to death\u201d: Exploring the research experiences of urban Indigenous peoples in Vancouver, Canada","volume":"9","author":"Goodman","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Indigenous Policy Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-018-0167-x","article-title":"Peer engagement barriers and enablers: Insights from people who use drugs in British Columbia, Canada","volume":"110","author":"Greer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-016-0048-3","article-title":"Patient perspectives of methadone formulation change in British Columbia, Canada: Outcomes of a provincial survey","volume":"11","author":"Greer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0160","series-title":"Simians, cyborgs, and women: The reinvention of nature","first-page":"1","article-title":"Situated knowledges: The science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective","volume":"1991","author":"Haraway","year":"1988"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732311432718","article-title":"Methadone as social control: Institutionalized stigma and the prospect of recovery","volume":"22","author":"Harris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1415-y","article-title":"Polydrug abuse among opioid maintenance treatment patients is related to inadequate dose of maintenance treatment medicine","volume":"17","author":"Heikman","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14860","article-title":"Fentanyl depression of respiration: Comparison with heroin and morphine","volume":"177","author":"Hill","year":"2020","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0180","first-page":"347","article-title":"Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT): A review of historical and clinical issues","volume":"67","author":"Joseph","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, New York"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.12562","article-title":"Drive times to opioid treatment programs in urban and rural counties in 5 US states","volume":"322","author":"Joudrey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e227028","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.7028","article-title":"Assessment of community-level vulnerability and access to medications for opioid use disorder","volume":"5","author":"Joudrey","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0195","series-title":"Critical perspectives on addiction","author":"KatzRothman","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0200","series-title":"What's wrong with addiction?","author":"Keane","year":"2002"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12151","article-title":"\u2018It\u2019s more about the heroin\u2019: Injection drug users\u2019 response to an overdose warning campaign in a Canadian setting","volume":"108","author":"Kerr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.021","article-title":"Opioid substitution therapy: Lowering the treatment thresholds","volume":"161","author":"Kourounis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108074","article-title":"Lessons from COVID 19: Are we finally ready to make opioid treatment accessible?","volume":"117","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/haschl\/qxad018","article-title":"Recent modifications to the US methadone treatment system are a Band-Aid\u2014Not a solution\u2014To the nation\u2019s broken opioid use disorder treatment system","volume":"1","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Affairs Scholar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2022.103786","article-title":"Has the treatment gap for opioid use disorder narrowed in the US?: A yearly assessment from 2010 to 2019","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e238","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(23)00023-3","article-title":"Synthesising evidence of the effects of COVID-19 regulatory changes on methadone treatment for opioid use disorder: Implications for policy","volume":"8","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108329","article-title":"Who stays in medication treatment for opioid use disorder? A national study of outpatient specialty treatment settings","volume":"126","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2021.1986768","article-title":"COVID-19-related policy changes for methadone take-home dosing: A multistate survey of opioid treatment program leadership","volume":"43","author":"Levander","year":"2022","journal-title":"Substance Abuse"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1108\/QRJ-12-2018-0012","article-title":"Coding qualitative data: A synthesis guiding the novice","volume":"19","author":"Linneberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qualitative Research Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0250","article-title":"Doing a thematic analysis: A practical, step-by-step guide for learning and teaching scholars","volume":"9","author":"Maguire","year":"2017","journal-title":"All Ireland Journal of Higher Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0255","author":"Massachusetts"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2009.08.007","article-title":"Strategies to avoid opiate withdrawal: Implications for HCV and HIV risks","volume":"21","author":"Mateu-Gelabert","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102930","article-title":"Motivations to initiate injectable hydromorphone and diacetylmorphine treatment: A qualitative study of patient experiences in Vancouver, Canada","volume":"85","author":"Mayer","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.04.008","article-title":"Negotiating structural vulnerability following regulatory changes to a provincial methadone program in Vancouver, Canada: A qualitative study","volume":"133","author":"McNeil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2005.04028.x","article-title":"Methadone medical maintenance in primary care: An implementation evaluation","volume":"20","author":"Merrill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0280","series-title":"Liberating methadone: A roadmap for change conference proceedings and recommendations","author":"Methadone","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focus.2023.100177","article-title":"Insufficient impact: Limited implementation of Federal Regulatory changes to methadone and buprenorphine access in Arizona during COVID-19","volume":"3","author":"Meyerson","year":"2024","journal-title":"AJPM focus"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274094","article-title":"Nothing really changed: Arizona patient experience of methadone and buprenorphine access during COVID","volume":"17","author":"Meyerson","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2007.19.2.124","article-title":"Reduction in injection\u2013related hiv risk after 6 months in a low-threshold methadone treatment program","volume":"19","author":"Millson","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Education & Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-7-30","article-title":"Better retention of Malaysian opiate dependents treated with high dose methadone in methadone maintenance therapy","volume":"7","author":"Mohamad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Harm Reduction Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12682","article-title":"The impact of methadone maintenance therapy on hepatitis C incidence among illicit drug users","volume":"109","author":"Nolan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.037","article-title":"The impact of low-threshold methadone maintenance treatment on mortality in a Canadian setting","volume":"156","author":"Nolan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.12275","article-title":"Methadone maintenance treatment as social control: Analyzing patient experiences","volume":"26","author":"O'Byrne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nursing Inquiry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232086","article-title":"Retention of patients in opioid substitution treatment: A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0325","series-title":"Research methods for social justice and equity in education","first-page":"15","article-title":"Considering positionality: The ethics of conducting research with marginalized groups","author":"Parson","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2015.1068301","article-title":"Barriers to practicing risk reduction strategies among people who inject drugs","volume":"24","author":"Phillips","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction Research & Theory"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2015.978675","article-title":"Immediate impact of Hurricane Sandy on people who inject drugs in New York City","volume":"50","author":"Pouget","year":"2015","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000090","article-title":"Predictors of patient retention in methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"29","author":"Proctor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2018.1504081","article-title":"The role of patient payment method in premature discharge from methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"54","author":"Proctor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0350","series-title":"42 CFR part 8 final rule","author":"SAMHSA","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0355","author":"SAMHSA"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0976","article-title":"Association of opioid agonist treatment with all-cause mortality and specific causes of death among people with opioid dependence: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Santo","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103364","article-title":"We are the researched, the researchers, and the discounted: The experiences of drug user activists as researchers","volume":"98","author":"Simon","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0370","series-title":"The methadone manifesto: Treatment experiences and policy recommendations from methadone patient activists","first-page":"S117","volume":"Vol. 112","author":"Simon","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0375","article-title":"Association between availability of medications for opioid use disorder in specialty treatment and use of medications among patients: A state-level trends analysis","volume":"132","author":"Solomon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0380","article-title":"Mortality risk during and after opioid substitution treatment: Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"357","author":"Sordo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1017\/S146114570700836X","article-title":"Retention rate and substance use in methadone and buprenorphine maintenance therapy and predictors of outcome: Results from a randomized study","volume":"11","author":"Soyka","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2012.694603","article-title":"Opioid maintenance treatment as a harm reduction tool for opioid-dependent individuals in New York City: The need to expand access to buprenorphine\/naloxone in marginalized populations","volume":"31","author":"Stancliff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Addictive Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.019","article-title":"Methadone maintenance treatment among patients exposed to illicit fentanyl in Rhode Island: Safety, dose, retention, and relapse at 6 months","volume":"192","author":"Stone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108031","article-title":"One year of methadone maintenance treatment in a fentanyl endemic area: Safety, repeated exposure, retention, and remission","volume":"115","author":"Stone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2013.05.005","article-title":"What is low threshold methadone maintenance treatment?","volume":"24","author":"Strike","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0410","series-title":"Opioid Treatment Program (OTP) guidance","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, C. f. B. H. S. a. Q., Rockville, MD","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000952","article-title":"A Plea from people who use drugs to clinicians: New ways to initiate buprenorphine are urgently needed in the fentanyl era","author":"Sue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Addiction Medicine."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2022.2060438","article-title":"\u201cThe idea is to help people achieve greater success and liberty\u201d: A qualitative study of expanded methadone take-home access in opioid use disorder treatment","volume":"43","author":"Suen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Substance Abuse"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1177\/29767342241255480","article-title":"Methadone\u2019s resurgence in bridging the treatment gap in the overdose crisis: Position statement of AMERSA, Inc (Association for Multidisciplinary Education, Research, Substance Use, and Addiction)","volume":"45","author":"Suen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Substance Use & Addiction Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0430","first-page":"61","article-title":"Valuing methadone takeaway doses: The contribution of service-user perspectives to policy and practice","volume":"14","author":"Treloar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0435","author":"Trusts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0440","author":"Trusts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0445","series-title":"The Methadone Manifesto","author":"USU","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0450","series-title":"Theme development in qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis","author":"Vaismoradi","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2014.901587","article-title":"Patterns of abstinence or continued drug use among methadone maintenance patients and their relation to treatment retention","volume":"46","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616_bb0460","first-page":"45","article-title":"The art of coding and thematic exploration in qualitative research","volume":"15","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Management Review"}],"container-title":["Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S294987592400328X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S294987592400328X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T20:13:30Z","timestamp":1741032810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S294987592400328X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["S294987592400328X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616","relation":{},"ISSN":["2949-8759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2949-8759","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"\u201cI still can feel the sickness\u201d: Withdrawal experiences of people on methadone maintenance treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209616","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"209616"}}