{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T14:17:54Z","timestamp":1756995474331,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":303,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007812","name":"University of Washington","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007812","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013384","name":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013384","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007707","name":"University of California Davis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsatjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T09:37:28Z","timestamp":1740476248000},"page":"209654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Variations in documentation of alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnoses across race, ethnicity, and sex in a health system that assesses AUD symptoms as part of routine primary care"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Hallgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily C.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac C.","family":"Rhew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malia","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharine A.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14091030","article-title":"Evaluation of a pilot implementation to integrate alcohol-related care within primary care","volume":"14","author":"Bobb","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1998.cr187.x","article-title":"Medical risks for women who drink alcohol","volume":"13","author":"Bradley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000117836.38108.38","article-title":"Using alcohol screening results and treatment history to assess the severity of at-risk drinking in veterans affairs primary care patients","volume":"28","author":"Bradley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-010-1509-4","article-title":"Quality concerns with routine alcohol screening in VA clinical settings","volume":"26","author":"Bradley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.2307\/1123408","article-title":"Critical race theory: The key writings that formed the movement","volume":"96","author":"Caldwell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Columbia Law Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellis, R. L., Hallgren, K. A., Williams, E. C., Glass, J. E., Rhew, I. C., Oliver, M., & Bradley, K. A. (2024). Prevalence of alcohol use disorders documented in electronic health records in primary care across intersections of race or ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic status. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 19(1). doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13722-024-00490-6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-024-00490-6"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.023","article-title":"Sex and gender-related differences in alcohol use and its consequences: Contemporary knowledge and future research considerations","volume":"156","author":"Erol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0040","first-page":"04","article-title":"Sex differences in the neurobiology of alcohol use disorder","volume":"40","author":"Flores-Bonilla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alcohol Research: Current Reviews"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.07.030","article-title":"The public health critical race methodology: Praxis for antiracism research","volume":"71","author":"Ford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.18865\/ed.28.S1.223","article-title":"Commentary: Just what is critical race theory and What\u2019s it doing in a progressive field like public health?","volume":"28","author":"Ford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ethnicity & Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-018-0795-9","article-title":"Study protocol: A cluster-randomized trial implementing sustained patient-centered alcohol-related care (SPARC trial)","volume":"13","author":"Glass","year":"2018","journal-title":"Implementation Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.02.004","article-title":"The 12-month prevalence and trends in DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence: United States, 1991\u20131992 and 2001\u20132002","volume":"74","author":"Grant","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0584","article-title":"Epidemiology ofDSM-5Alcohol use disorder","volume":"72","author":"Grant","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220216212","article-title":"Women and alcohol use disorders","volume":"10","author":"Greenfield","year":"2002","journal-title":"Harvard Review of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0075","article-title":"Practical assessment of alcohol use disorder in routine primary care: Performance of an alcohol symptom checklist","author":"Hallgren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-07038-3","article-title":"Practical assessment of alcohol use disorder in routine primary care: performance of an alcohol symptom checklist","volume":"37","author":"Hallgren","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2021.01489","article-title":"Improving the measurement of structural racism to achieve antiracist health policy","volume":"41","author":"Hardeman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301069","article-title":"Stigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities","volume":"103","author":"Hatzenbuehler","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2023.109821","article-title":"Association between clinical measures of unhealthy alcohol use and subsequent year hospital admissions in a primary care population","volume":"245","author":"Jack","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"author":"Kaiser-Permanente","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0100"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelly, J. F., Greene, M. C., & Abry, A. (2021). A US national randomized study to guide how best to reduce stigma when describing drug-related impairment in practice and policy [doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.15333]. Addiction, 116(7), 1757-1767. Doi:Doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.15333.","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15333"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2009.10.010","article-title":"Does it matter how we refer to individuals with substance-related conditions? A randomized study of two commonly used terms","volume":"21","author":"Kelly","year":"2010","journal-title":"The International Journal on Drug Policy"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq304","article-title":"Stigma and treatment for alcohol disorders in the United States","volume":"172","author":"Keyes","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.11406","article-title":"Diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of alcohol use disorder: A review","volume":"320","author":"Kranzler","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.2190\/HS.44.4.b","article-title":"Discrimination and health inequities","volume":"44","author":"Krieger","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.7083","article-title":"Integrating alcohol-related prevention and treatment into primary care","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.7083","article-title":"Integrating alcohol-related prevention and treatment into primary care","volume":"183","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0140","article-title":"Quantitative methods for descriptive intersectional analysis with binary health outcomes","volume":"17","author":"Mahendran","year":"2022","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/52101","article-title":"Equivalence of alcohol use disorder symptom assessments in routine clinical care when completed remotely via online patient portals versus in clinic via paper questionnaires: Psychometric evaluation","volume":"26","author":"Matson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0150","first-page":"16","article-title":"Vital signs: communication between health professionals and their patients about alcohol use--44 states and the District of Columbia, 2011","volume":"63","author":"McKnight-Eily","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300591","article-title":"Implicit stereotyping and medical decisions: Unconscious stereotype activation in practitioners\u2019 thoughts about African Americans","volume":"102","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0160","article-title":"Alcohol-related disparities among women: Evidence and potential explanations","volume":"40","author":"Mulia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alcohol Research: Current Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00880.x","article-title":"Disparities in alcohol-related problems among white, black, and Hispanic Americans","volume":"33","author":"Mulia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2008.69.824","article-title":"Social disadvantage, stress, and alcohol use among black, Hispanic, and white Americans: Findings from the 2005 U.S. National Alcohol Survey","volume":"69","author":"Mulia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.08.003","article-title":"Gender differences in risk factors and consequences for alcohol use and problems","volume":"24","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-013-2625-8","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of alcohol care management delivered in Department of Veterans Affairs primary care clinics versus specialty addiction treatment","volume":"29","author":"Oslin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.00091","article-title":"Methodologic implications of allocating multiple-race data to single-race categories","volume":"37","author":"Parker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health Services Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.11.006","article-title":"Help seeking behaviors of Latinos with substance use disorders who perceive a need for treatment: Substance abuse versus mental health treatment services","volume":"109","author":"Pinedo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-019-00933-2","article-title":"Women\u2019s barriers to specialty substance abuse treatment: A qualitative exploration of racial\/ethnic differences","volume":"22","author":"Pinedo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640.2020.1713954","article-title":"Black-White differences in barriers to specialty alcohol and drug treatment: Findings from a qualitative study","volume":"21","author":"Pinedo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines7040099","article-title":"Global burden of alcohol use disorders and alcohol liver disease","volume":"7","author":"Rehm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.20180039","article-title":"Counteracting the effect of stigma on education for substance use disorders","volume":"17","author":"Renner","year":"2019","journal-title":"FOCUS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubinsky, A. D., Dawson, D. A., Williams, E. C., Kivlahan, D. R., & Bradley, K. A. (2013). AUDIT-C scores as a scaled marker of mean daily drinking, alcohol use disorder severity, and probability of alcohol dependence in a U.S. general population sample of drinkers [doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.12092]. Alcoholism: Clinical and experimental research, 37(8), 1380-1390. Doi:Doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.12092.","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12092"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0220","first-page":"146","article-title":"Assessing the impact of different race-bridging algorithms on the reported rate of birth defects","volume":"44","author":"Rutkowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Registry Management"},{"author":"SAMHSA","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0225"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-05650-3","article-title":"Routine assessment of symptoms of substance use disorders in primary care: Prevalence and severity of reported symptoms","volume":"35","author":"Sayre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00263.x","article-title":"Ethnic disparities in clinical severity and services for alcohol problems: Results from the National Alcohol Survey","volume":"31","author":"Schmidt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agq089","article-title":"The stigma of alcohol dependence compared with other mental disorders: A review of population studies","volume":"46","author":"Schomerus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alcohol and Alcoholism"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15245","article-title":"High test-retest reliability of the alcohol use disorders identification test-consumption (AUDIT-C) questionnaire completed by primary care patients in routine care","volume":"48","author":"Simon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2010.71.231","article-title":"Examining perceived alcoholism stigma effect on racial-ethnic disparities in treatment and quality of life among alcoholics","volume":"71","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agad092","article-title":"The criminal justice system in alcohol use treatment: A nationwide analysis of racial disparities in treatment referral and completion","volume":"59","author":"Stenersen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alcohol and Alcoholism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.21111097","article-title":"Racial and ethnic Bias in the diagnosis of alcohol use disorder in veterans","author":"Vickers-Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.3947","article-title":"Collaborative Care for Opioid and Alcohol use Disorders in primary care: The SUMMIT randomized clinical trial","volume":"177","author":"Watkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v40.2.01","article-title":"Gender differences in the epidemiology of alcohol use and related harms in the United States","volume":"40","author":"White","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alcohol Research: Current Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-017-4202-z","article-title":"Barriers to and facilitators of alcohol use disorder pharmacotherapy in primary care: A qualitative study in five VA clinics","volume":"33","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.19651","article-title":"Comparison of substance use disorder diagnosis rates from electronic health record data with substance use disorder prevalence rates reported in surveys across sociodemographic groups in the veterans health administration","volume":"5","author":"Williams","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12950","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in the prevalence of clinically recognized alcohol use disorders among patients from the U.S. veterans health administration","volume":"40","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032113","article-title":"Less drinking, yet more problems: Understanding African American drinking and related problems","volume":"140","author":"Zapolski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"}],"container-title":["Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949875925000335?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949875925000335?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T02:48:33Z","timestamp":1745030913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2949875925000335"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S2949875925000335"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654","relation":{},"ISSN":["2949-8759"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2949-8759"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Variations in documentation of alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnoses across race, ethnicity, and sex in a health system that assesses AUD symptoms as part of routine primary care","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.josat.2025.209654","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"209654"}}