{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T17:41:07Z","timestamp":1792431667456,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015615","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1 DA015831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 DA015831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015615","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015615","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1 DA013714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 DA013714"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015615","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015615","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1 DA040314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 DA040314"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015615","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015615","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1 DA013035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 DA013035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015615","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015615","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1 DA020024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 DA020024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015615","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jsatjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T06:39:49Z","timestamp":1768718389000},"page":"209896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Variability in medication treatment of opioid use disorder in primary care: Comparison of PROUD trial intervention clinics and other exemplar clinics"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Ingrid A.","family":"Binswanger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onchee","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paige D.","family":"Wartko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Addis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer F.","family":"Bobb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bobbi Jo","family":"Yarborough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Arnsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Northrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan M.","family":"Braciszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviana E.","family":"Horigian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo Ann","family":"Shoup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Potter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine A.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.541","article-title":"Collaborative care of opioid-addicted patients in primary care using buprenorphine: Five-year experience","volume":"171","author":"Alford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2328627","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.28627","article-title":"Integrating opioid use disorder treatment into primary care settings","volume":"6","author":"Austin","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13364","article-title":"Estimating demand for primary care-based treatment for substance and alcohol use disorders","volume":"111","author":"Barry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-3457","article-title":"Access to office-based buprenorphine treatment in areas with high rates of opioid-related mortality: An audit study","volume":"171","author":"Beetham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-07356-6","article-title":"Naloxone co-dispensing with opioids: A cluster randomized pragmatic trial","volume":"37","author":"Binswanger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2024.111350","article-title":"Offering nurse care management for opioid use disorder in primary care: Impact on emergency and hospital utilization in a cluster-randomized implementation trial","volume":"261","author":"Bobb","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-4148-z","article-title":"Addressing identification bias in the design and analysis of cluster-randomized pragmatic trials: A case study","volume":"21","author":"Bobb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-021-00218-w","article-title":"PRimary care opioid use disorders treatment (PROUD) trial protocol: A pragmatic, cluster-randomized implementation trial in primary care for opioid use disorder treatment","volume":"16","author":"Campbell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction Science & Clinical Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadr.2023.100196","article-title":"Stigmatization of people with addiction by health professionals: Current knowledge. A scoping review","volume":"9","author":"Cazalis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0050","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-024-02607-x","article-title":"Reframing conceptualizations of primary care involvement in opioid use disorder treatment","volume":"25","author":"Chiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Primary Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199801000-00004","article-title":"Comorbidity measures for use with administrative data","volume":"36","author":"Elixhauser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0065","series-title":"Opioid- and stimulant-related harms in Canada","author":"Federal Provincial and Territorial Special Advisory Committee on the Epidemic of Opioid Overdoses","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0070","article-title":"Effectiveness of direct patient outreach with a narrative naloxone and overdose prevention video to patients prescribed long-term opioid therapy in the USA: The naloxone navigator randomised clinical trial. BMJ","volume":"2","author":"Glanz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0075","article-title":"Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 1999\u20132020","author":"Hedegaard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Retrieved from"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2462698","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.62698","article-title":"Naloxone knowledge, carrying, purchase, and use","volume":"8","author":"Jacobson","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.06.010","article-title":"Office-based opioid treatment with buprenorphine (OBOT-B): Statewide implementation of the Massachusetts collaborative care model in community health centers","volume":"60","author":"LaBelle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.47447","article-title":"Nurse Care Management of Opioid use Disorder Treatment after 3 years: A secondary analysis of the PROUD cluster randomized clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Lapham","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-019-1047-z","article-title":"Attitudes of primary care physicians toward prescribing buprenorphine: A narrative review","volume":"20","author":"Louie","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Family Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0100","article-title":"The difference-making role of staff support in implementing nurse care management for opioid use disorder treatment: A configurational analysis","volume":"172","author":"Matson","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Subst Use Addict Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002207.pub4","article-title":"Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence","volume":"2014","author":"Mattick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7006a4","article-title":"Trends and geographic patterns in drug and synthetic opioid overdose deaths - United States, 2013-2019","volume":"70","author":"Mattson","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3895-8","article-title":"Attitudes toward naloxone prescribing in clinical settings: A qualitative study of patients prescribed high dose opioids for chronic non-Cancer pain","volume":"32","author":"Mueller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0120","article-title":"Primary care versus specialty care management of opioid use disorder","author":"Perry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(7)."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0976","article-title":"Association of Opioid Agonist Treatment with all-Cause Mortality and Specific Causes of death among people with opioid dependence: A systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Santo","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.240440","article-title":"Primary care patients with opioid use disorder symptoms: Initiation and engagement in treatment with medicine","volume":"23","author":"Simon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annals of Family Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0135","article-title":"Mortality risk during and after opioid substitution treatment: Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"357","author":"Sordo","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0140","series-title":"Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 2002\u20132022","author":"Spencer","year":"2024"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e233338","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2023.3338","article-title":"Achieving the potential of naloxone saturation by measuring distribution","volume":"4","author":"Sugarman","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.5701","article-title":"Nurse Care Management for Opioid use Disorder Treatment: The PROUD cluster randomized clinical trial","volume":"183","author":"Wartko","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2024.112497","article-title":"Does implementation of office based addiction treatment by a nurse care manager increase the duration of OUD treatment in primary care? A secondary analysis of the PROUD randomized control trial","volume":"265","author":"Weinstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"}],"container-title":["Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949875926000160?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949875926000160?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T11:24:45Z","timestamp":1780658685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2949875926000160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S2949875926000160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896","relation":{},"ISSN":["2949-8759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2949-8759","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Variability in medication treatment of opioid use disorder in primary care: Comparison of PROUD trial intervention clinics and other exemplar clinics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209896","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"209896"}}