{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T11:36:56Z","timestamp":1794483416211,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jsatjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T06:21:55Z","timestamp":1777011715000},"page":"209993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A relational agent for treating substance use in adults: A randomized controlled trial with a psychoeducational comparator"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Judith J.","family":"Prochaska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maggie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Chieng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin A.","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Baiocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Pajarito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maddison C.","family":"Pirner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Bullard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Darcy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athena","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.01.001","article-title":"Computer therapy for the anxiety and depression disorders is effective, acceptable and practical health care: An updated meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Andrews","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3697","article-title":"Balance diagnostics for comparing the distribution of baseline covariates between treatment groups in propensity-score matched samples","volume":"28","author":"Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.11.016","article-title":"Engagement in mobile phone app for self-monitoring of emotional wellbeing predicts changes in mental health: MoodPrism","volume":"227","author":"Bakker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2017.08.002","article-title":"FitMindKit: Randomised controlled trial of an automatically tailored online program for mood, anxiety, substance use and suicidality","volume":"12","author":"Batterham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Internet Interventions"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/14567","article-title":"Objective user engagement with mental health apps: Systematic search and panel-based usage analysis","volume":"21","author":"Baumel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2022.847991","article-title":"Evaluating the therapeutic Alliance with a free-text CBT conversational agent (Wysa): A mixed-methods study","volume":"4","author":"Beatty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Digital Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B: Methodological"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3109\/10673221003707538","article-title":"Relational agents in clinical psychiatry","volume":"18","author":"Bickmore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Harvard Review of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.17.4.328","article-title":"Assessing consequences of substance use: Psychometric properties of the inventory of drug use consequences","volume":"17","author":"Blanchard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s44247-024-00105-9","article-title":"Engagement and retention in digital mental health interventions: A narrative review","volume":"2","author":"Boucher","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Digital Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s40501-019-00190-y","article-title":"Digital mental health for alcohol and substance use disorders","volume":"6","author":"Boumparis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f540","article-title":"Influence of initial severity of depression on effectiveness of low intensity interventions: meta-analysis of individual patient data","volume":"346","author":"Bower","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.02119.x","article-title":"Happy ending: A randomized controlled trial of a digital multi-media smoking cessation intervention","volume":"103","author":"Brendryen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00152-7","article-title":"A comparison of a brief and long version of the situational confidence questionnaire","volume":"38","author":"Breslin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2012.08.006","article-title":"Assessing influences on intervention implementation: Revision of the usage rating profile-intervention","volume":"51","author":"Briesch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of School Psychology"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.6360","article-title":"Randomization in clinical trials: Permuted blocks and stratification","volume":"319","author":"Broglio","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.20837","article-title":"Physician reluctance to intervene in addiction: A systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Campopiano von Klimo","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3200\/JACH.53.6.263-274","article-title":"My student body: A high-risk drinking prevention web site for college students","volume":"53","author":"Chiauzzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of American College Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2002.63.559","article-title":"Mailed personalized normative feedback as a brief intervention for at-risk college drinkers","volume":"63","author":"Collins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/27868","article-title":"Evidence of human-level bonds established with a digital conversational agent: Cross-sectional, retrospective observational study","volume":"5","author":"Darcy","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Formative Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.5178","article-title":"An online intervention for co-occurring depression and problematic alcohol use in Young people: Primary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Deady","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1772","article-title":"A systematic review of the impact of adherence on the effectiveness of e-therapies","volume":"13","author":"Donkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1123\/tsp.22.2.212","article-title":"Reducing heavy drinking in intercollegiate athletes: Evaluation of a web-based personalized feedback program","volume":"22","author":"Doumas","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Sport Psychologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2008.05.009","article-title":"Evaluation of two web-based alcohol interventions for mandated college students","volume":"36","author":"Doumas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20472","article-title":"The efficacy of smartphone-based mental health interventions for depressive symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Firth","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.04.046","article-title":"Can smartphone mental health interventions reduce symptoms of anxiety? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"218","author":"Firth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/11175","article-title":"Predictors of engagement, response to follow up, and extent of alcohol reduction in users of a smartphone app (drink less): Secondary analysis of a factorial randomized controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Garnett","year":"2018","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.1011","article-title":"Coached Mobile app platform for the treatment of depression and anxiety among primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"77","author":"Graham","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2021.100403","article-title":"Targeting subjective engagement in experimental therapeutics for digital mental health interventions","volume":"25","author":"Graham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Internet Interventions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1190084","article-title":"Waiting for a digital therapist: Three challenges on the path to psychotherapy delivered by artificial intelligence [hypothesis and theory]","volume":"14","author":"Grodniewicz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/28232","article-title":"Methods for authenticating participants in fully web-based Mobile app trials from the iReach project: Cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Guest","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.58.2.175","article-title":"Commitment to abstinence and acute stress in relapse to alcohol, opiates, and nicotine","volume":"58","author":"Hall","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/10503300500352500","article-title":"Development and validation of a revised short version of the working alliance inventory","volume":"16","author":"Hatcher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychotherapy Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpl013","article-title":"Matching as nonparametric preprocessing for reducing model dependence in parametric causal inference","volume":"15","author":"Ho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Political Analysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/47198","article-title":"User engagement clusters of an 8-week digital mental health intervention guided by a relational agent (Woebot): Exploratory study","volume":"25","author":"Hoffman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200201000-00004","article-title":"Stanford presenteeism scale: Health status and employee productivity","volume":"44","author":"Koopman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.06.026","article-title":"The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population","volume":"114","author":"Kroenke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7189(79)90094-6","article-title":"Assessment of client\/patient satisfaction: Development of a general scale","volume":"2","author":"Larsen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Evaluation and Program Planning"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.22.2.168","article-title":"Evaluation of a single-session expectancy challenge intervention to reduce alcohol use among college students","volume":"22","author":"Lau-Barraco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20673","article-title":"The efficacy of app-supported smartphone interventions for mental health problems: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"18","author":"Linardon","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.04.043","article-title":"It\u2019s only a computer: Virtual humans increase willingness to disclose","volume":"37","author":"Lucas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108442","article-title":"The principles and practices of psychoeducation with alcohol or other drug use disorders: A review and brief guide","volume":"126","author":"Magill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000005467","article-title":"Stigma against patients with substance use disorders among health care professionals and trainees and stigma-reducing interventions: A systematic review","volume":"99","author":"Magnan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Academic Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1080\/21548331.2021.1974243","article-title":"Real-world use and clinical outcomes after 24 weeks of treatment with a prescription digital therapeutic for opioid use disorder","volume":"49","author":"Maricich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hospital Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2022.2060425","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of a digital therapeutic for substance use disorder: Secondary analysis of data from a NIDA clinical trials network study","volume":"43","author":"Maricich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Substance Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2020.1846023","article-title":"Real-world evidence for a prescription digital therapeutic to treat opioid use disorder","volume":"37","author":"Maricich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Medical Research and Opinion"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/cts.2023.706","article-title":"Progress toward realizing the promise of decentralized clinical trials","volume":"8","author":"McCarthy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/15079","article-title":"Recommendations from a descriptive evaluation to improve screening procedures for web-based studies with couples: Cross-sectional study","volume":"6","author":"Mitchell","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health and Surveillance"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaaf047","article-title":"Mitigating fraud in a fully decentralized clinical trial of a digital health intervention","volume":"59","author":"Moore","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2004.03.010","article-title":"The impact of motivational interviewing on substance abuse treatment retention: A randomized control trial of women involved with child welfare","volume":"27","author":"Mullins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntr254","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial evaluation of a tailored leaflet and SMS text message self-help intervention for pregnant smokers (MiQuit)","volume":"14","author":"Naughton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035311","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial utilizing motivational interviewing to reduce HIV risk and drug use in young gay and bisexual men","volume":"82","author":"Parsons","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"10157","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31612-X","article-title":"The Lancet commission on global mental health and sustainable development","volume":"392","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1081150","article-title":"Decentralized clinical trials (DCTs): A few ethical considerations","volume":"10","author":"Petrini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108986","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of a therapeutic relational agent for reducing substance misuse during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"227","author":"Prochaska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107125","article-title":"A relational agent for treating substance use in adults: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial with a psychoeducational comparator","volume":"127","author":"Prochaska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contemporary Clinical Trials"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/24850","article-title":"A therapeutic relational agent for reducing problematic substance use (Woebot): Development and usability study","volume":"23","author":"Prochaska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-0997-0","article-title":"Global burden of disease and the impact of mental and addictive disorders","volume":"21","author":"Rehm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-023-00523-1","article-title":"Use of digital health and digital therapeutics to treat SUD in criminal justice settings: A review","volume":"11","author":"Sawyer-Morris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Current Addiction Reports"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2244","article-title":"Web-based cognitive behavioral self-help intervention to reduce cocaine consumption in problematic cocaine users: Randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Schaub","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4146","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-022-02215-0","article-title":"Real-world reductions in healthcare resource utilization over 6 months in patients with substance use disorders treated with a prescription digital therapeutic","volume":"39","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advances in Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(82)90005-3","article-title":"The drug abuse screening test","volume":"7","author":"Skinner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2003.64.858","article-title":"Comparison of a quick drinking screen with the timeline followback for individuals with alcohol problems","volume":"64","author":"Sobell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu038","article-title":"The global prevalence of common mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis 1980\u20132013","volume":"43","author":"Steel","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14026","article-title":"A developmental-based motivational intervention to reduce alcohol and marijuana use among non-treatment-seeking young adults: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"113","author":"Stein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"8 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.01.013","article-title":"Prognostic score-based balance measures can be a useful diagnostic for propensity score methods in comparative effectiveness research","volume":"66","author":"Stuart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0340","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/jlme.12200","article-title":"Detecting, preventing, and responding to \u201cfraudsters\u201d in internet research: Ethics and tradeoffs","volume":"43","author":"Teitcher","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-170899","article-title":"How should a virtual agent present psychoeducation? Influence of verbal and textual presentation on adherence","volume":"25","author":"Tielman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Technology and Health Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2018-102891","article-title":"Clinical review of user engagement with mental health smartphone apps: Evidence, theory and improvements","volume":"21","author":"Torous","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0360","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.6565","article-title":"Decentralized clinical trials as a new paradigm of trial delivery to improve equity of access","volume":"10","author":"Underhill","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Oncology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743719828977","article-title":"Chatbots and conversational agents in mental health: A review of the psychiatric landscape","volume":"64","author":"Vaidyam","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2021.01.011","article-title":"Decentralized clinical trials: The future of medical product development?\u2217","volume":"6","author":"Van Norman","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4131","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-022-02217-y","article-title":"Reduced healthcare resource utilization in patients with opioid use disorder in the 12 months after initiation of a prescription digital therapeutic","volume":"39","author":"Velez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advances in Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S334274","article-title":"Comparison of healthcare resource utilization between patients who engaged or did not engage with a prescription digital therapeutic for opioid use disorder","volume":"13","author":"Velez","year":"2021","journal-title":"ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1080\/14737167.2021.1939687","article-title":"Evidence of long-term real-world reduction in healthcare resource utilization following treatment of opioid use disorder with reSET-O, a novel prescription digital therapeutic","volume":"21","author":"Velez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2021.82.776","article-title":"Associations between substance use problems and stress during COVID-19","volume":"82","author":"Vogel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1031-2","article-title":"Computer-assisted cognitive-behavior therapy and Mobile apps for depression and anxiety","volume":"21","author":"Wright","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.08.001","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review","volume":"277","author":"Xiong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.13346","article-title":"Evaluation of real-world outcomes associated with use of a prescription digital therapeutic to treat substance use disorders","volume":"32","author":"Xiong","year":"2023","journal-title":"The American Journal on Addictions"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.06.015","article-title":"Understanding and promoting effective engagement with digital behavior change interventions","volume":"51","author":"Yardley","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nts339","article-title":"Pilot RCT results of stop my smoking USA: A text messaging-based smoking cessation program for young adults","volume":"15","author":"Ybarra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"}],"container-title":["Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S294987592600113X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S294987592600113X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T11:10:57Z","timestamp":1794481857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S294987592600113X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["S294987592600113X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993","relation":{},"ISSN":["2949-8759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2949-8759","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A relational agent for treating substance use in adults: A randomized controlled trial with a psychoeducational comparator","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.josat.2026.209993","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"209993"}}