{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:29:13Z","timestamp":1790879353992,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]],"date-time":"2019-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Translation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T16:47:39Z","timestamp":1573490859000},"page":"14-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Clinical Neurorestorative Therapeutic Guidelines for Spinal Cord Injury (IANR\/CANR version 2019)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hongyun","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wise","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Skaper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Moviglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hooshang","family":"Saberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziad","family":"Al-Zoubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hari Shanker","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dafin","family":"Muresanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alok","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wagih","family":"El Masry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqing","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3424-6","article-title":"Incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury worldwide: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Jazayeri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib2","first-page":"1057","article-title":"Present status and prospect of spinal cord injury in China","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin J Spine Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib3","first-page":"385","article-title":"Early comprehensive treatment strategy for acute spinal cord injury","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Neurosurgical Disease Research"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib4","first-page":"378","article-title":"Expert consensus on evaluation and treatment of early lower cervical spine and spinal cord injury","volume":"25","author":"Specialised Committee of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Chinese Society of Rehabilitation Medicine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin J Spine Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib5","first-page":"963","article-title":"Expert consensus on evaluation and treatment of early thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord injury","volume":"21","author":"Specialised Committee of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Chinese Society of Rehabilitation Medicine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin J Spine Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib6","series-title":"Basic and clinical medicine of spinal cord injury","author":"Xu","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib7","first-page":"309","article-title":"Global prevalence and incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(97)90193-3","article-title":"Mortality after spinal cord injury: an 11-year prospective study","volume":"78","author":"Krause","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.3727\/096368914X684952","article-title":"Consensus of clinical neurorestorative progress in patients with complete chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.5500\/wjt.v5.i3.110","article-title":"Effectiveness of repeated transplantations of hematopoietic stem cells in spinal cord injury","volume":"24","author":"Bryukhovetskiy","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2147\/JN.S43712","article-title":"Detailed analysis of the clinical effects of cell therapy for thoracolumbar spinal cord injury: an original study","volume":"1","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurorestoratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib12","first-page":"15","article-title":"Review of recently documented clinical neuroprotective and cellular treatment for spinal cord injury: an analysis of outcomes","volume":"2","author":"Saberi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurorestoratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2147\/JN.S74140","article-title":"Progress and challenges with clinical cell therapy in neurorestoratology","volume":"3","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurorestoratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2147\/JN.S77813","article-title":"Transcutaneous spinal stimulation as a therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury: state of the art","volume":"3","author":"Fregni","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurorestoratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib15","first-page":"73","article-title":"Chromaffin cell transplantation for neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: a report of two cases","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurorestoratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2147\/JN.S61824","article-title":"Epidural spinal cord stimulation for recovery from spinal cord injury: its place in therapy","volume":"4","author":"Jacques","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurorestoratol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3727\/096368915X686904","article-title":"Electrical stimulation and motor recovery","volume":"24","author":"Young","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2147\/JN.S61828","article-title":"Exercise following spinal cord injury: physiology to therapy","volume":"3","author":"Dolbow","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurorestoratol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib19","first-page":"S71","article-title":"Pharmacological therapy for acute spinal cord injury","volume":"76","author":"R John","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.26599\/JNR.2018.9040001","article-title":"Yearbook of neurorestoratology","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurorestoratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.26599\/JNR.2019.9040003","article-title":"Yearbook of neurorestoratology","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurorestoratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2147\/JN.S119581","article-title":"Clinical therapeutic guideline for neurorestoration in spinal cord injury (Chinese version 2016)","volume":"5","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurorestoratol"},{"issue":"1 Spinal","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1212\/01.CON.0000461091.09736.0c","article-title":"Management of acute spinal cord injury","volume":"21","author":"Stein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2015-001094","article-title":"Acute management of traumatic cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"15","author":"Ropper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1179\/204577211X13207446293695","article-title":"International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011)","volume":"34","author":"Kirshblum","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Cord Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689718755778","article-title":"Microenvironment imbalance of spinal cord injury","volume":"27","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.3727\/096368912X633734","article-title":"Long-term outcome of olfactory ensheathing cell therapy for patients with complete chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.148.6.1179","article-title":"High-resolution CT scanning in the evaluation of cervical spine fractures: comparison with plain film examinations","volume":"148","author":"Acheson","year":"1987","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib29","first-page":"458","article-title":"Limitations of cervical radiography in the evaluation of acute cervical trauma","volume":"36","author":"Solis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma & Acute Care Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2007.11753928","article-title":"Neuroimaging in traumatic spinal cord injury: an evidence-based review for clinical practice and research","volume":"30","author":"Lammertse","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Cord Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2433060583","article-title":"Acute cervical traumatic spinal cord injury: MR imaging findings correlated with neurologic outcome--prospective study with 100 consecutive patients","volume":"243","author":"Miyanji","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.5.AOSPINE1296","article-title":"Quantitative testing in spinal cord injury: overview of reliability and predictive validity","volume":"17","author":"Boakye","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1097\/00029330-200812020-00002","article-title":"Early neurosurgical intervention of spinal cord contusion: an analysis of 30 cases","volume":"121","author":"Hui","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i1.42","article-title":"Current and future medical therapeutic strategies for the functional repair of spinal cord injury","volume":"6","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005173222001","article-title":"A\u00a0randomised, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal-cord injury. Results of the Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study","volume":"322","author":"Bracken","year":"1990","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540440031029","volume":"277","author":"Bracken","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib37","first-page":"699","article-title":"Methylprednisolone or tirilazad mesylate administration after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow up. Results of the third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury randomised controlled trial","volume":"89","author":"Bracken","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-014-1422-3","article-title":"Current use of methylprednisolone for acute spinal cord injury in Poland: survey study","volume":"24","author":"Miekisiak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.3963","article-title":"Methylprednisolone for the treatment of patients with acute spinal cord injuries: a propensity score-matched cohort study from a Canadian multi-center spinal cord injury registry","volume":"32","author":"Evaniew","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827765c6","article-title":"Pharmacological therapy for acute spinal cord injury","volume":"72","author":"Hurlbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib41","first-page":"CD001046","article-title":"Steroids for acute spinal cord injury","volume":"1","author":"Bracken","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annrmp.2008.10.004","article-title":"Strategies for spinal cord repair after injury: a review of the literature and information","volume":"52","author":"Bauchet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann phys rehabil med"},{"issue":"24 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib43","first-page":"S87","article-title":"The Sygen multicenter acute spinal cord injury study","volume":"26","author":"Geisler","year":"1976","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib44","first-page":"701","article-title":"Clinical study of ganglioside (GM) combined with methylprednisolone (MP) for early acute spinal injury","volume":"28","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pak J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-785220162403160032","article-title":"The effect of monosialoganglyoside (Gm-1) administration in spinal cord injury","volume":"24","author":"Barros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Ortop\u00e9dica Bras"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib46","first-page":"CD004444","article-title":"Gangliosides for acute spinal cord injury","volume":"2","author":"Chinnock","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318276ee7e","article-title":"Updated guidelines for the management of acute cervical spine and spinal cord injury","volume":"72","author":"Resnick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib48","first-page":"79","article-title":"Effects of human erythropoietin on functional outcome of patients with traumatic cervical cord injury; a pilot randomised clinical trial","volume":"3","author":"Alibai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bull Emerg Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib49","first-page":"3","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Huang","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2013.01.008","article-title":"Hypothermia for acute spinal cord injury--a review","volume":"82","author":"Ahmad","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3102163","article-title":"Microglia inhibition is a target of mild hypothermic treatment after the spinal cord injury","volume":"46","author":"Morino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181aa96a1","article-title":"The long-term effects of mild to moderate hypothermia on gray and white matter injury after spinal cord ischemia in rats","volume":"109","author":"Horiuchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772312Y.0000000085","article-title":"Effectiveness of local cooling for enhancing tissue ischemia tolerance in people with spinal cord injury","volume":"36","author":"Tzen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Cord Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib54","first-page":"79","article-title":"Systemic hypothermia as treatment for an acute cervical spinal cord injury in a professional football player: 9-year follow-up","volume":"46","author":"Cappuccino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.2.SPINE13318","article-title":"Local cooling for traumatic spinal cord injury: outcomes in 20 patients and review of the literature","volume":"20","author":"Hansebout","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2012.161","article-title":"Systemic hypothermia in acute cervical spinal cord injury: a case-controlled study","volume":"51","author":"Dididze","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2017.01.002","article-title":"The role of therapeutic hypothermia in the management of acute spinal cord injury","volume":"154","author":"Martirosyan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1089\/ther.2018.0042","article-title":"Whole-body cooling and erythropoietin in neonatal cervical spine injury","volume":"9","author":"Arnaez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib59","first-page":"1","article-title":"Therapeutic systemic hypothermia for a pediatric patient with an isolated cervical spinal cord injury","author":"Pelletier","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Cord Med"},{"issue":"21 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib60","first-page":"S166","article-title":"Current practice in the timing of surgical intervention in spinal cord injury","volume":"35","author":"Fehlings","year":"1976","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032037","article-title":"Early versus delayed decompression for traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: results of the Surgical Timing in Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (STASCIS)","volume":"7","author":"Fehlings","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2012.59","article-title":"Early versus late surgery for traumatic spinal cord injury: the results of a prospective Canadian cohort study","volume":"50","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.2932","article-title":"The effects of the timing of spinal surgery after traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"van Middendorp","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.11.098","article-title":"Is urgent decompression superior to delayed surgery for traumatic spinal cord injury? A meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib65","first-page":"529","article-title":"A\u00a0review and update on the current and emerging clinical trials for the acute management of cervical spine and spinal cord injuries - Part III","volume":"60","author":"Yue","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Sci"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4325","article-title":"Early decompression (< 8 h) after traumatic cervical spinal cord injury improves functional outcome as assessed by spinal cord independence measure after one year","volume":"33","author":"Grassner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.06.146","article-title":"Results of early and late surgical decompression and stabilisation for acute traumatic cervical spinal cord injury in patients with concomitant chest injuries","volume":"118","author":"David Sewell","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib68","first-page":"193","article-title":"Enhancing training of spinal sub specialty in neurosurgery, improving the level of Neuro-Spine","volume":"10","author":"Feng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin J Neurosurg Dis Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib69","first-page":"183","article-title":"[Posterior longitudinal myelotomy as a surgical treatment of acute cervical spinal cord injury]","volume":"12","author":"Tachibana","year":"1984","journal-title":"Noshinkeigeka"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689717746999","article-title":"Clinical cell therapy guidelines for neurorestoration (IANR\/CANR 2017)","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.155425","article-title":"Structural and functional reorganization of propriospinal connections promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"10","author":"Filli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(02)37020-1","article-title":"Transplants and neurotrophic factors increase regeneration and recovery of function after spinal cord injury","volume":"137","author":"Bregman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.02.034","article-title":"Neural stem\/progenitor cell transplantation for spinal cord injury treatment; A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"322","author":"Yousefifard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2012.39","article-title":"Autologous incubated macrophage therapy in acute, complete spinal cord injury: results of the phase 2 randomised controlled multicenter trial","volume":"50","author":"Lammertse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib75","article-title":"Transplantation of autologous activated Schwann cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury: six cases, more than five years of follow-up","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Transplant 21"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9334","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-23-09334.2001","article-title":"Linda MacArthur, marietta McAtee, carmen nash, and barbara S. Bregman. Axonal regeneration and functional recovery after complete spinal cord transection in rats by delayed treatment with transplants and neurotrophins","volume":"21","author":"Coumans","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"issue":"10 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000086994.53716.17","article-title":"Spinal cord injury: promising interventions and realistic goals","volume":"82","author":"McDonald","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib78","article-title":"Electronic control of paralyzed extremities","volume":"3","author":"Dimitrijevic","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bio-Medical Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib79","series-title":"Modification of abnormal motor control with functional electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves, recent achievements in restorative neurology; upper motor neuron functions and dysfunctions","author":"Vodovnik","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib80","series-title":"Neuroprosthetic advances, innovative thinking","author":"Mayr","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib81","series-title":"Human spinal cord motor control that is partially or completely disconnected from the brain","first-page":"12","volume":"vol. 8","author":"Dimitrijevic","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13396","article-title":"Resilience and the rehabilitation of adult spinal cord injury survivors: a qualitative systematic review","volume":"74","author":"Kornhaber","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib83","article-title":"Effects of peer mentoring on self-efficacy and hospital readmission following inpatient rehabilitation of individuals with spinal cord injury: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"98","author":"Gassaway","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch PM&R (Phys Med Rehabil)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00111.2017","article-title":"Spike-timing-dependent plasticity in lower-limb motoneurons after human spinal cord injury","volume":"118","author":"Urbin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280601046302","article-title":"The Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) version III: reliability and validity in a multi-center international study","volume":"29","author":"Itzkovich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib86","first-page":"852","article-title":"Occupational therapy for patients with spinal cord injury in early rehabilitation","volume":"10","author":"Sigitas Mingaila","year":"2005","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200301000-00004","article-title":"Clinical trial of acupuncture for patients with spinal cord injuries","volume":"82","author":"Wong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3727\/096368910X492643","article-title":"Olfactory ensheathing glia transplantation combined with LASERPONCTURE(R) in human spinal cord injury: results measured by electromyography monitoring","volume":"19","author":"Bohbot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968318776371","article-title":"First-in-man intrathecal application of neurite growth-promoting Anti-Nogo-A antibodies in acute spinal cord injury","volume":"32","author":"Kucher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation Neural Repair"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-018-0208-6","article-title":"Analysis of risk factors for hyponatremia in patients with acute spinal cord injury: a retrospective single-institution study in Japan","volume":"57","author":"Ohbe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2017.103","article-title":"A\u00a0study of predictors for hyponatraemia in patients with cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"56","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib92","first-page":"853","article-title":"Respiratory dysfunction and management in spinal cord injury","volume":"51","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772311Y.0000000017","article-title":"Epidemiological profile of 239 traumatic spinal cord injury cases over a period of 12 years in Tianjin, China","volume":"34","author":"Feng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Cord Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2012.42","article-title":"Epidemiology of traumatic cervical spinal cord injury in Tianjin, China","volume":"50","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.05.011","article-title":"Motor circuits in action: specification, connectivity, and function","volume":"74","author":"Arber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(90)90008-3","article-title":"Spinal sensorimotor systems and their supraspinal control","volume":"7","author":"Schomburg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2011.12.053","article-title":"Overview of neurophysiology of movement control","volume":"114","author":"Rothwell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53613-6.00006-X","article-title":"Spinal interneurons providing input to the final common path during locomotion","volume":"187","author":"Brownstone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib99","first-page":"73","article-title":"Reconstruction of efferent pathways to the urinary bladder in a paraplegic child","volume":"24","author":"Carlsson","year":"1967","journal-title":"Rev Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198001000-00007","article-title":"Reconstruction of afferent and efferent nervous pathways to the urinary bladder in two paraplegic patients","volume":"5","author":"Carlsson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib101","first-page":"244","article-title":"Restoration of stepping-forward and ambulatory function in patients with paraplegia: rerouting of vascularized intercostal nerves to lumbar nerve roots using selected interfascicular anastomosis","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg Technol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20504","article-title":"Reconstruction of reflex pathways to the atonic bladder after conus medullaris injury: preliminary clinical results","volume":"28","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib103","first-page":"1237","article-title":"An artificial somatic-central nervous system-autonomic reflex pathway for controllable micturition after spinal cord injury: preliminary results in 15 patients","volume":"170","author":"Xiao","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2009.46.1.1","article-title":"Unsuspected plasticity of single neurons after connection of the corticospinal tract with peripheral nerves in spinal cord lesions","volume":"46","author":"Brunelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib105","first-page":"107","article-title":"Restoration of locomotion in paraplegics with aid of autologous bypass grafts for direct neurotisation of muscles by upper motor neurons--the future: surgery of the spinal cord?","volume":"87","author":"von Wild","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.3.SPINE10911","article-title":"Functional restoration of the paralyzed diaphragm in high cervical quadriplegia via phrenic nerve neurotization utilizing the functional spinal accessory nerve","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30088","article-title":"Nerve transfer for sensory reconstruction of C8-T1 dermatomes in tetraplegia","volume":"36","author":"Bertelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.5.SPINE151544","article-title":"Nerve transfers for restoration of finger flexion in patients with tetraplegia","volume":"26","author":"Bertelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib109","first-page":"1","article-title":"Contralateral hemi-fifth-lumbar nerve transfer for unilateral lower limb dysfunction due to incomplete traumatic spinal cord injury: a report of two cases","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"9781","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60547-3","article-title":"Effect of epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord on voluntary movement, standing, and assisted stepping after motor complete paraplegia: a case study","volume":"377","author":"Harkema","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101615","article-title":"Stepping-like movements in humans with complete spinal cord injury induced by epidural stimulation of the lumbar cord: electromyographic study of compound muscle action potentials","volume":"42","author":"Minassian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.02.023","article-title":"A\u00a0sham-controlled, phase II trial of transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of central pain in traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"122","author":"Fregni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq184","article-title":"Effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation and visual illusion on neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury","volume":"133","author":"Soler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310366129","article-title":"Home-based functional electrical stimulation rescues permanently denervated muscles in paraplegic patients with complete lower motor neuron lesion","volume":"24","author":"Kern","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurorehabilitation Neural Repair"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1179\/174313209X385644","article-title":"One year of home-based daily FES in complete lower motor neuron paraplegia: recovery of tetanic contractility drives the structural improvements of denervated muscle","volume":"32","author":"Kern","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.05.001","article-title":"Functional electrical stimulation and spinal cord injury","volume":"25","author":"Ho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.1","article-title":"Neural repair and rehabilitation: achieving complex control of a neuroprosthetic arm","volume":"9","author":"Wood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"9866","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61816-9","article-title":"High-performance neuroprosthetic control by an individual with tetraplegia","volume":"381","author":"Collinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7099","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04970","article-title":"Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia","volume":"442","author":"Hochberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7602","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17435","article-title":"Restoring cortical control of functional movement in a human with quadriplegia","volume":"533","author":"Bouton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2014-0068","article-title":"Schwann cell transplantation for spinal cord injury repair: its significant therapeutic potential and prospectus","volume":"26","author":"Kanno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.3727\/096368912X633752","article-title":"Transplantation of autologous activated Schwann cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury: six cases, more than five years of follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.3727\/096368914X684899","article-title":"Transplantation of purified autologous leukapheresis-derived CD34+ and CD133+ stem cells for patients with chronic spinal cord injuries: long-term evaluation of safety and efficacy","volume":"23","author":"Al-Zoubi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/1971400916678221","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging tractography as a diagnostic tool in patients with spinal cord injury treated with human embryonic stem cells","volume":"30","author":"Shroff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12580","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of bone marrow-derived cell transplantation for spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2015.142","article-title":"Co-transplantation of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and schwann cells through cerebral spinal fluid for the treatment of patients with chronic spinal cord injury: safety and possible outcome","volume":"54","author":"Oraee-Yazdani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3416-6","article-title":"Effects of transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells in chronic spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt516","article-title":"Safety and neurological assessments after autologous transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in subjects with chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"5","author":"Mendonca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.6.SPINE10917","article-title":"Safety of intramedullary Schwann cell transplantation for postrehabilitation spinal cord injuries: 2-year follow-up of 33 cases","volume":"15","author":"Saberi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2010.0466","article-title":"Safety of intravenous infusion of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in animals and humans","volume":"20","author":"Ra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2010.550658","article-title":"Autologous mesenchymal stem cells in chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"25","author":"Bhanot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.oa.2015-0320","article-title":"A\u00a0pilot clinical study of olfactory mucosa autograft for chronic complete spinal cord injury","volume":"56","author":"Iwatsuki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.3727\/096368914X685131","article-title":"Functional regeneration of supraspinal connections in a patient with transected spinal cord following transplantation of bulbar olfactory ensheathing cells with peripheral nerve bridging","volume":"23","author":"Pawel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.3727\/096368916X691411","article-title":"Phase I-II clinical trial assessing safety and efficacy of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell transplant therapy of chronic complete spinal cord injury","volume":"25","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001056","article-title":"A\u00a0phase III clinical trial showing limited efficacy of autologous mesenchymal stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury","volume":"78","author":"Oh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib136","first-page":"1488","article-title":"Influence of patients' age on functional recovery after transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells into injured spinal cord injury","volume":"116","author":"Huang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.26599\/JNR.2018.9040012","article-title":"Comparison of intramedullary transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cell for patients with chronic complete spinal cord injury worldwide","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurorestoratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2008.56","article-title":"Effects of intense exercise in chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"46","author":"Harness","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.11.021","article-title":"Sensory stimulation augments the effects of massed practice training in persons with tetraplegia","volume":"89","author":"Beekhuizen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0279","article-title":"Spinal decompression sickness presenting as partial Brown-Sequard syndrome and treated with robotic-assisted body-weight support treadmill training","volume":"41","author":"Moreh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2002.97.2.0252","article-title":"Late recovery following spinal cord injury. Case report and review of the literature","volume":"97","author":"McDonald","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0593","article-title":"Restoration of walking function in an individual with chronic complete (AIS A) spinal cord injury","volume":"42","author":"Manella","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12691","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31083-4","article-title":"Functional improvement in chronic human spinal cord injury: four years after acidic fibroblast growth factor","volume":"8","author":"Ko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.11.SPINE17769","article-title":"Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor administration for neurological improvement in patients with postrehabilitation chronic incomplete traumatic spinal cord injuries: a double- blind randomised controlled clinical trial","volume":"29","author":"Derakhshanrad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.6.SPINE18209","article-title":"Subcutaneous granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration for subacute traumatic spinal cord injuries, report of neurological and functional outcomes: a double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial","volume":"30","author":"Derakhshanrad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-7682-3-30","article-title":"Feasibility of combination allogeneic stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury: a case report","volume":"3","author":"Ichim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Arch Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2003.05.001","article-title":"Transplantation treatment of spinal cord injury patients","volume":"57","author":"Rabinovich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2012-00810","article-title":"Recovery of assisted overground stepping in a patient with chronic motor complete spinal cord injury: a case report","volume":"31","author":"Murillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30383","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30383","article-title":"Long-term training with a brain-machine interface-based gait protocol induces partial neurological recovery in paraplegic patients","volume":"6","author":"Donati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1803588","article-title":"Recovery of over- ground walking after chronic motor complete spinal cord injury","volume":"379","author":"Angeli","year":"2018","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0175-7","article-title":"Neuromodulation of lumbosacral spinal networks enables independent stepping after complete paraplegia","volume":"24","author":"Gill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8688","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26602-2","article-title":"Lumbosacral spinal cord epidural stimulation improves voiding function after human spinal cord injury","volume":"8","author":"Herrity","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib153","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidural stimulation with locomotor training improves body composition in individuals with cervical or upper thoracic motor complete spinal cord injury: a series of case studies","volume":"42","author":"Terson de Paleville","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0649-2","article-title":"Targeted neurotechnology restores walking in humans with spinal cord injury","volume":"563","author":"Wagner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00083","article-title":"Normalization of blood pressure with spinal cord epidural stimulation after severe spinal cord injury","volume":"12","author":"Harkema","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00565","article-title":"Epidural spinal cord stimulation of lumbosacral networks modulates arterial blood pressure in individuals with spinal cord injury- induced cardiovascular deficits","volume":"9","author":"Aslan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.3727\/096368917X695038","article-title":"Clinical study of neuroregen scaffold combined with human mesenchymal stem cells for the repair of chronic complete spinal cord injury","volume":"26","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.26599\/JNR.2018.9040013","article-title":"Review of clinical neurorestorative strategies for spinal cord injury: exploring history and latest progresses","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurorestoratol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Translation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214031X19302189?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214031X19302189?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T10:40:38Z","timestamp":1761993638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2214031X19302189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":158,"alternative-id":["S2214031X19302189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-031X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-031X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical Neurorestorative Therapeutic Guidelines for Spinal Cord Injury (IANR\/CANR version 2019)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Orthopaedic Translation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jot.2019.10.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd on behalf of Chinese Speaking Orthopaedic Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}