{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T19:51:51Z","timestamp":1793735511468,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000921","name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Translation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T20:50:18Z","timestamp":1769806218000},"page":"101012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Targeting synovial inflammation in knee osteoarthritis: translational insights for diagnosis and therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6261-1286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Mobasheri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1238-4200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Castro-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7154-1328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oreste","family":"Gualillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kluzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5354-1087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia Paz","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6525-2944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Largo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Global, regional prevalence, incidence and risk factors of knee osteoarthritis in population-based studies","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e508","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00163-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of osteoarthritis, 1990\u20132020 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"5","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib3","first-page":"1745","volume":"393","author":"Hunter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000567","article-title":"Molecular taxonomy of osteoarthritis for patient stratification, disease management and drug development: biochemical markers associated with emerging clinical phenotypes and molecular endotypes","volume":"31","author":"Mobasheri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00749-9","article-title":"Synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis progression","volume":"18","author":"Sanchez-Lopez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206013","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: new insight on its pathophysiology","volume":"11","author":"Coaccioli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib7","series-title":"Synovial fluid anal. Eval. Patients with arthritis","first-page":"5","article-title":"Synovial structure and physiology in health and disease BT - synovial fluid analysis and the evaluation of patients with arthritis","author":"Scanzello","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.21.26170","article-title":"Imaging of synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis, from the AJR special series on inflammation","volume":"218","author":"Thoenen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110453","article-title":"Extracellular matrix in synovium development, homeostasis and arthritis disease","volume":"121","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1080\/03008207.2020.1751140","article-title":"Proteoglycan-4 and hyaluronan composition in synovial fluid and serum from clinical equine subjects: relationship to cartilage boundary lubrication and viscosity of synovial fluid","volume":"62","author":"Matheson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1471-1","article-title":"Locally renewing resident synovial macrophages provide a protective barrier for the joint","volume":"572","author":"Culemann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib12","first-page":"835","article-title":"A study of the degenerative changes of the menisci of the knee joint, and the clinical significance thereof","volume":"15","author":"Burman","year":"1933","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surgery, Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2019.02.030","article-title":"Targeting chronic innate inflammatory pathways, the main road to prevention of osteoarthritis progression","volume":"165","author":"Herrero-Beaumont","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-020-03550-5","article-title":"Obese and overweight individuals have greater knee synovial inflammation and associated structural and cartilage compositional degeneration: data from the osteoarthritis initiative","volume":"50","author":"Kanthawang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Skelet Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24568","article-title":"Presence of magnetic resonance imaging-defined inflammation particularly in overweight and Obese women increases risk of radiographic knee osteoarthritis: the POMA study","volume":"74","author":"Roemer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07397-y","article-title":"Effect of weight loss on knee joint synovitis over 48 months and mediation by subcutaneous fat around the knee: data from the osteoarthritis initiative","volume":"25","author":"L\u00f6ffler","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.06.005","article-title":"Fundamentals of osteoarthritis: inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis","volume":"31","author":"De Roover","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12061262","article-title":"Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and osteoarthritis require integrative understanding and management","volume":"12","author":"Mocanu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-024-00159-z","article-title":"The infrapatellar fat pad in inflammaging, knee joint health, and osteoarthritis","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Npj Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25347","article-title":"Source and hub of inflammation: the infrapatellar fat pad and its interactions with articular tissues during knee osteoarthritis","volume":"40","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-018-0838-x","article-title":"Association of osteoarthritis and circulating adiponectin levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.005","article-title":"Are we approaching a holistic view of leptin's role in arthritis?","volume":"31","author":"Gualillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.209","article-title":"Leptin in the interplay of inflammation, metabolism and immune system disorders","volume":"13","author":"Abella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2021096118","article-title":"Adipose tissue is a critical regulator of osteoarthritis","volume":"118","author":"Collins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-020-03550-5","article-title":"Obese and overweight individuals have greater knee synovial inflammation and associated structural and cartilage compositional degeneration: data from the osteoarthritis initiative","volume":"50","author":"Kanthawang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Skelet Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.09.014","article-title":"IL-1\u03b2 inhibition combined with cholesterol-lowering therapies decreases synovial lining thickness and spontaneous cartilage degeneration in a humanized dyslipidemia mouse model","volume":"31","author":"van Gemert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.05.062","article-title":"Joint obesity as a pathogenic factor in osteoarthritis","volume":"29","author":"Largo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.09.018","article-title":"Mechanoflammation in osteoarthritis pathogenesis","volume":"49","author":"Vincent","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.12.005","article-title":"Inflammation in osteoarthritis: our view on its presence and involvement in disease development over the years","volume":"32","author":"van den Bosch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00724-w","article-title":"Mechanosignalling in cartilage: an emerging target for the treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"18","author":"Hodgkinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10020298","article-title":"Mechanical stress induce PG-E2 in murine synovial fibroblasts originating from the temporomandibular joint","volume":"10","author":"Nazet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113874","article-title":"Early OA stage like response occurs after dynamic stretching of human synovial fibroblasts","volume":"21","author":"Nazet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.10.013","article-title":"Synovial tissue perivascular edema is associated with altered gait patterns in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"30","author":"Philpott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2018.10.014","article-title":"Exploring longitudinal associations of histologically assessed inflammation with symptoms and radiographic damage in knee osteoarthritis: combined results of three prospective cohort studies","volume":"27","author":"Minten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00824","article-title":"Cellular mechanotransduction: from tension to function","volume":"9","author":"Martino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10102705","article-title":"A novel pro-inflammatory mechanosensing pathway orchestrated by the disintegrin metalloproteinase ADAM15 in synovial fibroblasts","volume":"10","author":"Janczi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24097868","article-title":"Activation of the mechanosensitive ion channels Piezo1 and TRPV4 in primary human healthy and osteoarthritic chondrocytes exhibits ion channel crosstalk and modulates gene expression","volume":"24","author":"Steinecker-Frohnwieser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3256","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23482-5","article-title":"Mechanically activated ion channel Piezo1 modulates macrophage polarization and stiffness sensing","volume":"12","author":"Atcha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13237","article-title":"Inflammation in osteoarthritis: is it time to dampen the alarm(in) in this debilitating disease?","volume":"195","author":"van den Bosch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-025-01223-y","article-title":"The role of the immune system in osteoarthritis: mechanisms, challenges and future directions","volume":"21","author":"Moulin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.11.013","article-title":"Contracture and transient receptor potential channel upregulation in the anterior glenohumeral joint capsule of patients with end-stage osteoarthritis","volume":"29","author":"Chainani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.767319","article-title":"Stretching the function of innate immune cells","volume":"12","author":"Orsini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-024-1061-y","article-title":"Pathological progression of osteoarthritis: a perspective on subchondral bone","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12040843","article-title":"Osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and subchondral insufficiency fracture: recent insights","volume":"12","author":"Yokota","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1473-z","article-title":"Increased synovial lipodystrophy induced by high fat diet aggravates synovitis in experimental osteoarthritis","volume":"19","author":"Larra\u00f1aga-Vera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.886604","article-title":"Infrapatellar fat pad-synovial membrane anatomo-fuctional unit: microscopic basis for Piezo1\/2 mechanosensors involvement in osteoarthritis pain","volume":"10","author":"Emmi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04905-7","article-title":"Associations between suprapatellar pouch effusion-synovitis, serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, high sensitivity C-reaction protein, knee symptom, and joint structural changes in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"39","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-1923-x","article-title":"Synovial fluid biomarkers associated with osteoarthritis severity reflect macrophage and neutrophil related inflammation","volume":"21","author":"Haraden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa619","article-title":"Quantitative and semi-quantitative assessment of synovitis on MRI and the relationship with symptoms in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis","volume":"60","author":"Perry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.161596","article-title":"Associations between knee effusion-synovitis and joint structural changes in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1088-9","article-title":"Serum levels of interleukin-17 and adiponectin are associated with infrapatellar fat pad volume and signal intensity alteration in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01126-4","article-title":"Clinical phenotypes, molecular endotypes and theratypes in OA therapeutic development","author":"Mobasheri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.20575.1","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding the phenotypes of osteoarthritis","volume":"8","author":"Mobasheri","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.05.015","article-title":"Associations between serum ghrelin and knee symptoms, joint structures and cartilage or bone biomarkers in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69328-w","article-title":"Detection of synovitis in early knee osteoarthritis by MRI and serum biomarkers in Japanese general population","volume":"10","author":"Ishibashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82S","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603520942941","article-title":"Synovial fluid biomarkers in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and quantitative evaluation using BIPEDs criteria","volume":"13","author":"Boffa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-022-04267-3","article-title":"Update on recent developments in imaging of inflammation in osteoarthritis: a narrative review","volume":"52","author":"Hayashi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Skelet Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/life13010237","article-title":"Radiographic biomarkers for knee osteoarthritis: a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Almhdie-Imjabbar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7582","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-22-1392","article-title":"Imaging of knee osteoarthritis: a review of multimodal diagnostic approach","volume":"13","author":"Piccolo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib60","first-page":"E557","article-title":"A multimodal meta-analysis of structural and functional alterations in the brain of knee osteoarthritis systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Mallio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib61","article-title":"Advanced MR imaging for knee osteoarthritis: a review on local and brain effects","volume":"13","author":"Mallio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001975","article-title":"Pain trajectory defines knee osteoarthritis subgroups: a prospective observational study","volume":"161","author":"Radoj\u010di\u0107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03647-x","article-title":"Absence of pain in subjects with advanced radiographic knee osteoarthritis","volume":"21","author":"Son","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib64","first-page":"1","article-title":"The relationship of radiographic severity with BMI , pain , and physical function in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis : a cross-sectional study","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res Sq"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib65","article-title":"Clinical phenotyping and molecular endotyping in osteoarthritis \u2013 personalised approaches to therapeutics","author":"Mobasheri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Phenotyping Mol Endotyping Osteoarthr \u2013 Pers Approaches to Ther Ali Mobasheri, WCO-IOF-ESCEO 2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14181","article-title":"Adipokines and inflammation: is it a question of weight?","volume":"175","author":"Francisco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-023-00301-9","article-title":"Risk of metabolic abnormalities in osteoarthritis: a new perspective to understand its pathological mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0221-y","article-title":"Therapeutic options for targeting inflammatory osteoarthritis pain","volume":"15","author":"Conaghan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2024.11.002","article-title":"Longitudinal stability of molecular endotypes of knee osteoarthritis patients","volume":"33","author":"Hannani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1232","article-title":"Obesity defined molecular endotypes in the synovium of patients with osteoarthritis provides a rationale for therapeutic targeting of fibroblast subsets","volume":"13","author":"Wijesinghe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-00518-6","article-title":"Emerging pharmaceutical therapies for osteoarthritis","volume":"16","author":"Latourte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib72","series-title":"New advanced therapy to repair cartilage defects in the knee","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X221090297","article-title":"Repurposed and investigational disease-modifying drugs in osteoarthritis (DMOADs)","volume":"14","author":"Oo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14030205","article-title":"Comprehensive review of knee osteoarthritis pharmacological treatment and the latest professional societies' guidelines","volume":"14","author":"Primorac","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2022.11257","article-title":"Therapeutic approaches in the management of knee osteoarthritis (Review)","volume":"23","author":"Uivaraseanu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2021.11.010","article-title":"Prospects of disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs","volume":"38","author":"Oo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X17712695","article-title":"Effectiveness of intra-articular therapies in osteoarthritis: a literature review","volume":"9","author":"Wehling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2023.2225214","article-title":"Shedding light on experimental intra-articular drugs for treating knee osteoarthritis","volume":"32","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098043","article-title":"Relative efficacy and safety of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies","volume":"52","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.06.004","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of acetaminophen, topical and oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for knee osteoarthritis: evidence from a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and real-world data","volume":"29","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.01.479","article-title":"Association of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on synovitis and the progression of osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative","volume":"31","author":"Luitjens","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S373382","article-title":"Perspectives of healthcare professionals towards combination use of oral paracetamol and topical non-steroidal inflammatory drugs in managing mild-to-moderate pain for osteoarthritis in a clinical setting: an exploratory study","volume":"15","author":"Sethi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-0289","article-title":"Association of low-dose colchicine with incidence of knee and hip replacements : Exploratory analyses from a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial","volume":"176","author":"Heijman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3858","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa072","article-title":"An international, multicentre, double-blind, randomized study (DISSCO): effect of diacerein vs celecoxib on symptoms in knee osteoarthritis","volume":"59","author":"Pelletier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1905877","article-title":"Physical therapy versus glucocorticoid injection for osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"382","author":"Deyle","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.01.983","article-title":"The OA trial bank: meta-analysis of individual patient data from knee and hip osteoarthritis trials show that patients with severe pain exhibit greater benefit from intra-articular glucocorticoids","volume":"24","author":"van Middelkoop","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.5283","article-title":"Effect of intra-articular triamcinolone vs saline on knee cartilage volume and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis a randomized clinical trial","volume":"317","author":"McAlindon","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA, J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.01.009","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of repeated courses of hyaluronic acid injections for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Altman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967119897909","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid injections or oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"8","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351S","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603519888783","article-title":"Safety of intra-articular hyaluronic acid for knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials involving more than 8,000 patients","volume":"13","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-069722","article-title":"Viscosupplementation for knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Pereira","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.06.011","article-title":"OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis","volume":"27","author":"Bannuru","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.04.008","article-title":"An updated algorithm recommendation for the management of knee osteoarthritis from the European society for clinical and economic aspects of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal diseases (ESCEO)","volume":"49","author":"Bruy\u00e8re","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41142","article-title":"2019 American college of rheumatology\/arthritis foundation guideline for the management of osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee","volume":"72","author":"Kolasinski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1007\/s43465-022-00751-z","article-title":"PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on osteoarthritis of knee managed with allogeneic vs autologous MSCs: efficacy and safety analysis","volume":"56","author":"Jeyaraman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.19415","article-title":"Effect of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma vs placebo injection on pain and medial tibial cartilage volume in patients with knee osteoarthritis: the RESTORE randomized clinical trial","volume":"326","author":"Bennell","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.16602","article-title":"Effect of platelet-rich plasma injections vs placebo on ankle symptoms and function in patients with ankle osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"326","author":"Paget","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231182438","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma injections for the treatment of ankle osteoarthritis","volume":"51","author":"Paget","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211062243","article-title":"How does platelet-rich plasma compare clinically to other therapies in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Costa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib100","article-title":"Synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis. A treatable target?","volume":"64S","author":"Kloppenburg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib101","article-title":"The role of inflammasomes in human diseases and their potential as therapeutic targets","volume":"9","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/life12050731","article-title":"The role of inflammasomes in osteoarthritis and secondary joint degeneration diseases","volume":"12","author":"Ro\u0161kar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay8276","article-title":"Cartilage-inspired, lipid-based boundary-lubricated hydrogels","volume":"370","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-024-00661-6","article-title":"Long-term efficacy following intra-articular injection of carboxymethyl-chitosan, a new product class for knee osteoarthritis: results from an observational study in Germany","volume":"11","author":"Lynen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256770","article-title":"Non-clinical assessment of lubrication and free radical scavenging of an innovative non-animal carboxymethyl chitosan biomaterial for viscosupplementation: an in-vitro and ex-vivo study","volume":"16","author":"Vandeweerd","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib106","first-page":"1082","article-title":"Intra-articular 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: an observational proof-of-concept cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Henriksen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib107","article-title":"Polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for knee osteoarthritis: a 6 months prospective study","author":"Bliddal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-04756-2","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for knee osteoarthritis: results from a 12-month follow up of an open-label study","volume":"19","author":"Bliddal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.02.497","article-title":"One year performance of polyacrylamide hydrogel vs. hyaluronic acid: a randomised controlled study","volume":"30","author":"Bliddal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.02.023","article-title":"3 year results from a prospective study of polyacrylamide hydrogel for knee osteoarthritis","volume":"31","author":"Henriksen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1302\/1358-992X.2024.18.106","article-title":"Polyacrylamide hydrogel for knee osteoarthritis: four-year results from a prospective study","author":"Bliddal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Orthop Procs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104143","article-title":"Intra-articular 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel, a new concept in the medication of equine osteoarthritis: a review","volume":"119","author":"Tnibar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-025-01257-2","article-title":"Targeting osteoarthritis where it hurts: the osteochondral junction","volume":"21","author":"Malfait","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01104-w","article-title":"Nanoparticle-based pazopanib shows promise in OA","volume":"20","author":"Kelsey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib115","article-title":"Nanoparticle-based inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors alleviates osteoarthritis pain and cartilage damage","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01180-y","article-title":"Erosive cargo from synovial fibroblasts","volume":"20","author":"Papatriantafyllou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.03.006","article-title":"Cryoneurolysis to treat the pain and symptoms of knee osteoarthritis: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Radnovich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2016.01.011","article-title":"Percutaneous freezing of sensory nerves prior to total knee arthroplasty","volume":"23","author":"Dasa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00670-3","article-title":"An update on the regulatory mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"18","author":"Paik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib120","article-title":"Study of efficacy, safety and tolerability of DFV890 in patients with knee osteoarthritis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Study Effic Saf Tolerability DFV890 Patients With Knee Osteoarthr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-0527","article-title":"Effects of Interleukin-1\u03b2 inhibition on incident hip and knee replacement : Exploratory analyses from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"173","author":"Schieker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-024-07042-y","article-title":"Inflammation as a therapeutic target for osteoarthritis: a literature review of clinical trials","volume":"43","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-083046","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of pentosan polysulfate sodium in people with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and dyslipidaemia: protocol of the MaRVeL trial","volume":"14","author":"Siddiq","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-0602-8","article-title":"Pain reduction with oral methotrexate in knee osteoarthritis, a pragmatic phase iii trial of treatment effectiveness (PROMOTE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Kingsbury","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.02.120","article-title":"Significant pain reduction with oral methotrexate in knee osteoarthritis; results from the promote randomised controlled phase iii trial of treatment effectiveness","volume":"27","author":"Kingsbury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3857\/roj.2020.00178","article-title":"The role of radiation treatment in the management of inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions: a revisit","volume":"38","author":"Abdus-Salam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21165854","article-title":"Low dose radiation therapy, particularly with 0.5 Gy, improves pain in degenerative joint disease of the fingers: results of a retrospective analysis","volume":"21","author":"Donaubauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib128","article-title":"What is gene therapy?","year":"2018","journal-title":"What Is Gene Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbad014","article-title":"New treatment for osteoarthritis: gene therapy","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Precis Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.06.019","article-title":"Preliminary results of a phase II randomized study to determine the efficacy and safety of genetically engineered allogeneic human chondrocytes expressing TGF-\u03b21 in patients with grade 3 chronic degenerative joint disease of the knee","volume":"23","author":"Cherian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.07.008","article-title":"TissueGene-C induces long-term analgesic effects through regulation of pain mediators and neuronal sensitization in a rat monoiodoacetate-induced model of osteoarthritis pain","volume":"31","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B7.35852","article-title":"A placebo-controlled randomised trial to assess the effect of TGF-\u00df1-expressing chondrocytes in patients with arthritis of the knee","volume":"97-B","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone Joint Lett J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1089\/humc.2017.249","article-title":"A multicenter, double-blind, phase III clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a cell and gene therapy in knee osteoarthritis patients","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther Clin Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1089\/humc.2014.145","article-title":"A multicenter, single-blind, phase IIa clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a cell-mediated gene therapy in degenerative knee arthritis patients","volume":"26","author":"Ha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther Clin Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1177\/19476035231158774","article-title":"Adeno-associated virus-delivered fibroblast growth factor 18 gene therapy promotes cartilage anabolism","volume":"14","author":"Hollander","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24129939","article-title":"Clinical trials with mesenchymal stem cell therapies for osteoarthritis: challenges in the regeneration of articular cartilage","volume":"24","author":"Carneiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-023-00665-1","article-title":"Stem cells for the treatment of early to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Kyriakidis","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Exp Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.18-0183","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell treatment in patients with osteoarthritis results in overall improvement in pain and symptoms and reduces synovial inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Chahal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-019-05732-8","article-title":"Intra-articular injection of culture-expanded mesenchymal stem cells with or without addition of platelet-rich plasma is effective in decreasing pain and symptoms in knee osteoarthritis: a controlled, double-blind clinical trial","volume":"28","author":"Bastos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knee Surgery, Sport Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.18-0122","article-title":"Intra-articular injection of autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a phase IIb, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-018-5118-9","article-title":"Injective mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments for knee osteoarthritis: from mechanisms of action to current clinical evidences","volume":"27","author":"Lopa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Knee Surgery, Sport Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib142","article-title":"Stromal vascular fraction therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Goncharov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.718191","article-title":"Apoptotic cells for therapeutic use in cytokine storm associated with Sepsis- A phase Ib clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"van Heerden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-02748-8","article-title":"Apoptotic cell therapy for cytokine storm associated with acute severe sepsis","volume":"11","author":"Karbian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usae143","article-title":"Apoptotic cell-based therapy for the modification of the inflammatory response to hemorrhagic shock","volume":"189","author":"Kenig","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240902849762","article-title":"The role of placental-derived adherent stromal cell (PLX-PAD) in the treatment of critical limb ischemia","volume":"11","author":"Prather","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.34.BJO-2021-0156.R1","article-title":"HIPGEN: a randomized, multicentre phase III study using intramuscular PLacenta-eXpanded stromal cells therapy for recovery following hip fracture arthroplasty : a study design","volume":"3","author":"Winkler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone Jt Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12894","article-title":"Intramuscular and intratendinous placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal-like cell treatment of a chronic quadriceps tendon rupture","volume":"13","author":"Maleitzke","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1148623","article-title":"Interleukins, growth factors, and transcription factors are key targets for gene therapy in osteoarthritis: a scoping review","volume":"10","author":"Uebelhoer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.01.492","article-title":"Safety and preliminary efficacy of Pcrx201, an intra-articular gene therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a phase 1, open-label, single ascending dose study","volume":"31","author":"Cohen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)00386-8","article-title":"Successful genetic transduction in vivo into synovium by means of eectroporation","volume":"293","author":"Ohashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2024.02.061","article-title":"Efficacy of XT-150, a novel non-viral gene therapy delivering IL-10v, on moderate to severe pain due to knee osteoarthritis: patient subgroup analysis","volume":"32","author":"Rutman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-021-00147-z","article-title":"Subchondral bone microenvironment in osteoarthritis and pain","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1229-9","article-title":"Synovitis in osteoarthritis: current understanding with therapeutic implications","volume":"19","author":"Mathiessen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2015-000062","article-title":"Early knee osteoarthritis","volume":"1","author":"Favero","year":"2015","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3875","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead135","article-title":"Metabolic and inflammatory profiles define phenotypes with clinical relevance in female knee osteoarthritis patients with joint effusion","volume":"62","author":"Calvet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.50","article-title":"The role of metabolism in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Mobasheri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2019.03.030","article-title":"Adipokines: linking metabolic syndrome, the immune system, and arthritic diseases","volume":"165","author":"Francisco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23788","article-title":"Biomechanics, obesity, and osteoarthritis. The role of adipokines: when the levee breaks","volume":"36","author":"Francisco","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Res Off Publ Orthop Res Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2022.103352","article-title":"Adipokines as targets in musculoskeletal immune and inflammatory diseases","volume":"27","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-023-00520-5","article-title":"Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and Osteoarthritis-An updated review","volume":"12","author":"Sampath","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39829","article-title":"Brief report: synovial fluid white blood cell count in knee osteoarthritis: association with structural findings and treatment response","volume":"69","author":"McCabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100361","article-title":"Response to intra-articular cortisone injections in knee osteoarthritis patients with and without effusion on ultrasound: a pilot study","volume":"5","author":"MacFarlane","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2025.100602","article-title":"Imaging-based measures of synovitis in knee osteoarthritis: a scoping review and narrative synthesis","volume":"7","author":"Dima","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-025-00423-2","article-title":"Advancing osteoarthritis research: the role of AI in clinical, imaging and omics fields","volume":"13","author":"Ou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.5114\/reum.2020.102002","article-title":"Discordance between radiographic findings, pain, and superficial temperature in knee osteoarthritis","volume":"58","author":"Vargas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reumatologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2024.07.011","article-title":"Prevalence of osteoarthritis-related imaging abnormalities in asymptomatic healthy adults","volume":"32","author":"Oo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib168","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gene therapy pipelines for osteoarthritis : current innovations , operational challenges , and future directions","author":"Peitso","year":"2025","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04252-2","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Translation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214031X25001676?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214031X25001676?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T21:02:49Z","timestamp":1773176569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2214031X25001676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":169,"alternative-id":["S2214031X25001676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-031X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-031X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Targeting synovial inflammation in knee osteoarthritis: translational insights for diagnosis and therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Orthopaedic Translation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jot.2025.10.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Speaking Orthopaedic Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101012"}}