{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T22:15:08Z","timestamp":1783203308339,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":181,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004775","name":"Gansu Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23JRRA1626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23JRRA1626"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82460436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82460436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82272536"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272536"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012899","name":"Lanzhou University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CY2022-ZD-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CY2022-ZD-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012899","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Translation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T09:14:27Z","timestamp":1778922867000},"page":"101124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ubiquitination in intervertebral disc degeneration: from mechanisms to potential therapeutic strategies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Xuening","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5877-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuewen","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.7918","article-title":"Effect of radiofrequency denervation on pain intensity among patients with chronic low back pain: the mint randomized clinical trials","volume":"318","author":"Juch","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.6.656","article-title":"Expenditures and health status among adults with back and neck problems","volume":"299","author":"Martin","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib3","article-title":"Hypoxia-preconditioned BMSC-derived exosomes induce mitophagy via the BNIP3-ANAX2 axis to alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"11","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e508","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00163-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of osteoarthritis, 1990-2020 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"5","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.48987","article-title":"Small molecule-based treatment approaches for intervertebral disc degeneration: current options and future directions","volume":"11","author":"Kamali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102323","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in intervertebral disc degeneration: mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"98","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.016","article-title":"Intervertebral disc degeneration relates to biomechanical changes of spinal ligaments","volume":"21","author":"Cornaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib8","first-page":"163","article-title":"Regulated cell death: implications for intervertebral disc degeneration and therapy","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop Transl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v7.i1.186","article-title":"Stem cells for spine surgery","volume":"7","author":"Schroeder","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Stem Cell"},{"issue":"108","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2015.0429","article-title":"Inflammation in intervertebral disc degeneration and regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Molinos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.160","article-title":"Role of cytokines in intervertebral disc degeneration: pain and disc content","volume":"10","author":"Risbud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84167-9","article-title":"MANF overexpression ameliorates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of human nucleus pulposus cells by facilitating mitophagy through promoting MFN2 expression","volume":"15","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib13","first-page":"446","article-title":"Effect of PI3K\/AKT\/HIF-1\u03b1 signaling pathway on oxidative stress and apoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells","volume":"28","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101902","article-title":"Epigenetic modifications of inflammation in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"87","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-0602-4_12","article-title":"Protein modification and autophagy activation","volume":"1206","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8246","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c03892","article-title":"Dissecting plasmodium yoelii pathobiology: proteomic approaches for decoding novel translational and post-translational modifications","volume":"7","author":"Rex","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0107-0","article-title":"The role of ubiquitination in tumorigenesis and targeted drug discovery","volume":"5","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Targeted Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2017.02.011","article-title":"When worlds collide-mechanisms at the interface between phosphorylation and ubiquitination","volume":"429","author":"Filip\u010d\u00edk","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-017-0486-3","article-title":"The role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in the regulation of cell junctions","volume":"9","author":"Cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060815-014922","article-title":"Ubiquitin ligases: structure, function, and regulation","volume":"86","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060310-170328","article-title":"The ubiquitin code","volume":"81","author":"Komander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2011.07.012","article-title":"Structure and biology of the intervertebral disk in health and disease","volume":"42","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orthop Clin N Am"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000146049.52152.da","article-title":"Mechanical conditions that accelerate intervertebral disc degeneration: overload versus immobilization","volume":"29","author":"Stokes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1076","article-title":"Pathomechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"3","author":"Oichi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JOR Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib25","article-title":"Muscone suppresses inflammation and senescence of nucleus pulposus via p53 signalling during intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13040686","article-title":"Cellular senescence in intervertebral disc aging and degeneration: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic opportunities","volume":"13","author":"Silwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-019-03667-9","article-title":"ROS and diseases: role in metabolism and energy supply","volume":"467","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13448","article-title":"Oxidative stress in intervertebral disc degeneration: molecular mechanisms, pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12779","article-title":"The mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant MitoQ protects against intervertebral disc degeneration by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance","volume":"53","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2015.01.002","article-title":"UPR, autophagy, and mitochondria crosstalk underlies the ER stress response","volume":"40","author":"Senft","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8950","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15528","article-title":"Bmi deficiency causes oxidative stress and intervertebral disc degeneration which can be alleviated by antioxidant treatment","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13551","article-title":"Inflammatory biomarkers of low back pain and disc degeneration: a review","volume":"1410","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110660","article-title":"The role of IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6210885","article-title":"Regulatory effect of inflammatory mediators in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"2023","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mediat Inflamm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00397-7","article-title":"Role of macrophage in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Dou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1683247","article-title":"MicroRNAs regulating apoptosis and delivery strategies for treating intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.06.010","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis identifies unique chondrocyte subsets and reveals involvement of ferroptosis in human intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12121804","article-title":"Role of pyroptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration and its therapeutic implications","volume":"12","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081571","article-title":"Targeting autophagy for developing new therapeutic strategy in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"11","author":"Bahar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s007760100006","article-title":"Biochemical and morphological changes in herniated human intervertebral disc","volume":"6","author":"Ahsan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.59171","article-title":"Targeted therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration: inhibiting apoptosis is a promising treatment strategy","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","article-title":"Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death","volume":"149","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11213508","article-title":"Targeting ferroptosis holds potential for intervertebral disc degeneration therapy","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23059","article-title":"Enhanced NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL- 1\u03b2 levels in degenerate human intervertebral disc and their association with the grades of disc degeneration","volume":"298","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2231","article-title":"Sensing and reacting to microbes through the inflammasomes","volume":"13","author":"Franchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.10.026","article-title":"Autophagy: renovation of cells and tissues","volume":"147","author":"Mizushima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7810320","article-title":"Restoration of autophagic flux rescues oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction to protect against intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"2019","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5850","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15256","article-title":"Compression-induced senescence of nucleus pulposus cells by promoting mitophagy activation via the PINK1\/PARKIN pathway","volume":"24","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12083","article-title":"miR-654-5p inhibits autophagy by targeting ATG7 via mTOR signaling in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11650","article-title":"Upregulation of P53 promotes nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration through upregulating NDRG2","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib51","article-title":"Senolytics: eliminating senescent cells and alleviating intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12975","article-title":"RNA-Binding protein HuR suppresses senescence through Atg7 mediated autophagy activation in diabetic intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"54","author":"Shao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.12.004","article-title":"Involvement of autophagy in the maintenance of rat intervertebral disc homeostasis: an in-vitro and in-vivo RNA interference study of Atg5","volume":"30","author":"Tsujimoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2795(77)90211-2","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of types I and II collagens in human intervertebral discs at various ages","volume":"492","author":"Eyre","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3260235","article-title":"Aggrecan degradation in human intervertebral disc and articular cartilage","volume":"326","author":"Sztrolovics","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000070112.80711.3D","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: structure, function, and biochemistry","volume":"92","author":"Visse","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31493","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R109.052340","article-title":"A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease (reprolysin-type) with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS) superfamily: functions and mechanisms","volume":"284","author":"Apte","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0350652","article-title":"Matrix synthesis and degradation in human intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"35","author":"Le Maitre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031715","article-title":"The proteolysis of ECM in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"23","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118884","article-title":"The human lumbar intervertebral disc: evidence for changes in the biosynthesis and denaturation of the extracellular matrix with growth, maturation, ageing, and degeneration","volume":"98","author":"Antoniou","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181642a5e","article-title":"TNF-alpha induces MMP2 gelatinase activity and MT1-MMP expression in an in vitro model of nucleus pulposus tissue degeneration","volume":"33","author":"S\u00e9guin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7015","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.45359","article-title":"Cortistatin protects against intervertebral disc degeneration through targeting mitochondrial ROS-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14070791","article-title":"The role of ubiquitination in Osteosarcoma development and therapies","volume":"14","author":"Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2673","article-title":"Ubiquitin-like protein activation by E1 enzymes: the apex for downstream signalling pathways","volume":"10","author":"Schulman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib65","first-page":"S1359","article-title":"The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5c: an emerging target in cancer and immune disorders","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2016.91","article-title":"Structural insights into the catalysis and regulation of E3 ubiquitin ligases","volume":"17","author":"Buetow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-020-00245-6","article-title":"Beyond K48 and K63: non-canonical protein ubiquitination","volume":"26","author":"Tracz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.12.009","article-title":"Ubiquitin-mediated mechanisms of translational control","volume":"132","author":"Mart\u00ednez-F\u00e9rriz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201902074","article-title":"Post-translational regulation of ubiquitin signaling","volume":"218","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2012.11.007","article-title":"Linear ubiquitination: a newly discovered regulator of cell signalling","volume":"38","author":"Rieser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.69411","article-title":"The role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in tumor invasion and metastasis","volume":"18","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-023-00633-y","article-title":"Deubiquitinases in cancer","volume":"23","author":"Dewson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2004.10.003","article-title":"Mechanism and function of deubiquitinating enzymes","volume":"1695","author":"Amerik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib74","article-title":"Emerging role of deubiquitination modifications of programmed death-ligand 1 in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.10.008","article-title":"Activation of Nrf2 signaling by 4-octyl itaconate attenuates the cartilaginous endplate degeneration by inhibiting E3 ubiquitin ligase ZNF598","volume":"31","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-018-0008-x","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of the NRF2 and KEAP1 partnership in chronic diseases","volume":"18","author":"Cuadrado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.03.088","article-title":"TRIM21 drives intervertebral disc degeneration induced by oxidative stress via mediating HIF-1\u03b1 degradation","volume":"555","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-025-00449-6","article-title":"The mitochondrial E3 ligase MAPL SUMOylates Drp1 to facilitate mitochondrial fission in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102707","article-title":"The deubiquitinase USP11 ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating oxidative stress-induced ferroptosis via deubiquitinating and stabilizing Sirt3","volume":"62","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cstres.2025.100114","article-title":"Monocyte USP7-p65 axis mediates immune responses to the immunogenicity of nucleus pulposus","volume":"30","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.95.BJR-2019-0230.R1","article-title":"A20 of nucleus pulposus cells plays a self-protection role via the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway in the inflammatory microenvironment","volume":"9","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.70989","article-title":"Friedelin ameliorates nucleus pulposus inflammation by increasing p65 autophagic degradation to inhibit NF-\u03baB signalling pathway","volume":"30","author":"Tu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-022-00693-6","article-title":"UBR3 promotes inflammation and apoptosis via DUSP1\/p38 pathway in the nucleus pulposus cells of patients with intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"35","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109904","article-title":"Peli1 facilitates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by mediating ASC ubiquitination","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.3724\/abbs.2022171","article-title":"USP14 promotes pyroptosis of human annulus fibrosus cells derived from patients with intervertebral disc degeneration through deubiquitination of NLRP3","volume":"54","author":"Hai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101820","article-title":"SIAH1 promotes senescence and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells to exacerbate disc degeneration through ubiquitinating XIAP","volume":"76","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-022-02277-1","article-title":"The CRL4(DCAF6) E3 ligase ubiquitinates CtBP1\/2 to induce apoptotic signalling and promote intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"101","author":"Tseng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70148","article-title":"USP5-Rich apoptotic extracellular vesicles regulate nucleus pulposus cells apoptosis and DNA damage repair by preventing E2F1 proteasomal degradation","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13813","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15971","article-title":"USP15 promotes the apoptosis of degenerative nucleus pulposus cells by suppressing the PI3K\/AKT signalling pathway","volume":"24","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib104","article-title":"FBXO2 alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration via dual mechanisms: activating PINK1-Parkin mitophagy and ubiquitinating LCN2 to suppress ferroptosis","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114668","article-title":"A novel mechanism of FBXW7 in combating intervertebral disc degeneration: mitigating ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells through the regulation of mitophagy","volume":"155","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06412-7","article-title":"RBX1 mitigates ferroptosis by inhibiting NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy and contributes to the attenuation of intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib114","article-title":"TRIM21 accelerates ferroptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration by promoting SLC7A11 ubiquitination and degradation","volume":"20","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open Life Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2025.2544287","article-title":"UCHL1 alleviates nucleus pulposus cell senescence by promoting chaperone-mediated autophagy antagonizing autophagy-dependent ferroptosis through deubiquitination of HSPA8","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-022-00732-0","article-title":"Oxidative stress-induced circKIF18A downregulation impairs MCM7-mediated anti-senescence in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3416","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.111898","article-title":"Exploring negative feedback mechanisms in the PTEN-ACE axis: application of electrosorb hydrogel-based gene delivery for intervertebral disc regeneration","volume":"21","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.121555","article-title":"Accumulation of NCOA1 dependent on HERC3 deficiency transactivates matrix metallopeptidases and promotes extracellular matrix degradation in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"320","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib129","article-title":"MARCHF8-mediated ubiquitination via TGFBI regulates NF-\u03baB dependent inflammatory responses and ECM degradation in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-024-10781-9","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes alleviate nuclear pulposus cells degeneration through the miR-145a-5p\/USP31\/HIF-1\u03b1 signaling pathway","volume":"20","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s13062-023-00395-5","article-title":"USP24-dependent stabilization of Runx2 recruits a p300\/NCOA3 complex to transactivate ADAMTS genes and promote degeneration of intervertebral disc in chronic inflammation mice","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol Direct"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.09.005","article-title":"Advanced glycation end products promote intervertebral disc degeneration by transactivation of matrix metallopeptidase genes","volume":"32","author":"Tseng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-022-01732-y","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1\u03b1 protects against intervertebral disc degeneration through antagonizing mitochondrial oxidative stress","volume":"46","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-022-00829-6","article-title":"The Nrf2 antioxidant defense system in intervertebral disc degeneration: molecular insights","volume":"54","author":"Xiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105281","article-title":"Regeneration in spinal disease: therapeutic role of hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 alpha in regeneration of degenerative intervertebral disc","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03497-9","article-title":"The role of SIRT3-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis in osteoarthritis","volume":"77","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-020-00125-x","article-title":"Painful intervertebral disc degeneration and inflammation: from laboratory evidence to clinical interventions","volume":"9","author":"Lyu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.9.13.12269","article-title":"A20 inhibition of NF\u03baB and inflammation: targeting E2:E3 ubiquitin enzyme complexes","volume":"9","author":"Shembade","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2015.04.002","article-title":"Programmed cell death in aging","volume":"23","author":"Tower","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-021-00922-9","article-title":"The role of ubiquitination in apoptosis and necroptosis","volume":"29","author":"Roberts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2009.81","article-title":"XIAP as a ubiquitin ligase in cellular signaling","volume":"17","author":"Galb\u00e1n","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a036426","article-title":"Regulation of cell death and immunity by XIAP","volume":"12","author":"Jost","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2024.189169","article-title":"Cullin-RING ligase 4 in cancer: structure, functions, and mechanisms","volume":"1879","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.380","article-title":"FKBP5 regulates trophoblast-macrophage crosstalk in recurrent spontaneous abortion through PI3K\/AKT and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways","volume":"209","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2020.02.005","article-title":"Autophagy-dependent ferroptosis: machinery and regulation","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Chem Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib103","article-title":"SPP1-ITG\u03b15\/\u03b21 accelerates calcification of nucleus pulposus cells by inhibiting mitophagy via ubiquitin-dependent PINK1\/PARKIN pathway blockade","volume":"12","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2152","article-title":"AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ph11040114","article-title":"The role of NCOA4-Mediated ferritinophagy in health and disease","volume":"11","author":"Santana-Codina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib108","first-page":"8","article-title":"Oxidative stress activates YAP\/TEAD1\/NCOA4 axis to promote ferroptosis of endplate chondrocytes and aggravate intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Orthop Transl"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8839","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29727","article-title":"SIRT3 deficiency is resistant to autophagy-dependent ferroptosis by inhibiting the AMPK\/mTOR pathway and promoting GPX4 levels","volume":"235","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib112","article-title":"Glycolysis-derived lactate induces ACSL4 expression and lactylation to activate ferroptosis during intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122444","article-title":"SLC7A11 as a gateway of metabolic perturbation and ferroptosis vulnerability in cancer","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2024.09.001","article-title":"Ubiquitination in pyroptosis pathway: a potential therapeutic target for sepsis","volume":"80","author":"Liao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"issue":"6511","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb9818","article-title":"Succination inactivates gasdermin D and blocks pyroptosis","volume":"369","author":"Humphries","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2016.15","article-title":"Regulation of inflammasomes by ubiquitination","volume":"13","author":"Bednash","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1080\/03008207.2025.2508841","article-title":"PELI1 silencing delays intervertebral disc degeneration by impeding nucleus pulposus cell death","volume":"66","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4324","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600895","article-title":"Different HECT domain ubiquitin ligases employ distinct mechanisms of polyubiquitin chain synthesis","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.2217\/epi.15.70","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of UBE3A and roles in human neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"7","author":"LaSalle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10030420","article-title":"Role of p53 in the regulation of cellular senescence","volume":"10","author":"Mijit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186663","article-title":"MuRF1\/TRIM63, master regulator of muscle mass","volume":"21","author":"Peris-Moreno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2024.12.007","article-title":"M2 macrophages regulate nucleus pulposus cell extracellular matrix synthesis through the OPN-CD44 axis in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"33","author":"Tao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2139-8","article-title":"Functional and pathological relevance of HERC family proteins: a decade later","volume":"73","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Tena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011171","article-title":"HPV upregulates MARCHF8 ubiquitin ligase and inhibits apoptosis by degrading the death receptors in head and neck cancer","volume":"19","author":"Khalil","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"7740","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0874-3","article-title":"HIF-1\u03b1 metabolically controls collagen synthesis and modification in chondrocytes","volume":"565","author":"Stegen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105443","article-title":"TRIM21 - a potential novel therapeutic target in cancer","volume":"165","author":"Alomari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26060","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c05650","article-title":"Galangin alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration via the Nrf2\/NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"73","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112801","article-title":"Naringin safeguards vertebral endplate chondrocytes from apoptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation through SIRT3-mediated mitophagy","volume":"140","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.70940","article-title":"Astragalus polysaccharide enhances O-GlcNAcylation through OGT to improve intervertebral disc degeneration in rats","volume":"29","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"4\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2023.0384","article-title":"Glutamine mitigates oxidative stress-induced matrix degradation, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells via deubiquitinating and stabilizing Nrf2","volume":"41","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14125","article-title":"Melatonin ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration via the potential mechanisms of mitophagy induction and apoptosis inhibition","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E859","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003942","article-title":"Melatonin alleviates radiculopathy against apoptosis and NLRP3 inflammasomes via the parkin-mediated mitophagy pathway","volume":"46","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.11.019","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 synergizes with ML264 to block IL-1\u03b2-induced matrix degradation mediated by Kr\u00fcppel-like factor 5 in the nucleus pulposus","volume":"1864","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165888","article-title":"Oxidative stress abrogates the degradation of KMT2D to promote degeneration in nucleus pulposus","volume":"1866","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524023666230816090843","article-title":"Exosomes derived from mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuate nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis via the miR-155- 5p\/Trim32 axis","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108962","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes attenuate intervertebral disc degeneration by promoting NLRP3 autophagic degradation in macrophages","volume":"110","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70196","article-title":"USP5-Laden ApoEVs and E2F1 stabilization in disc repair: unresolved questions on senescence, specificity and endosomal escape","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib168","article-title":"Tie2-mediated CBL ubiquitination of EGFR underlies ultrasound-responsive silk fibroin\/graphene oxide hydrogel-troxerutin therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"34","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.47723","article-title":"A thermosensitive, reactive oxygen species-responsive, MR409-encapsulated hydrogel ameliorates disc degeneration in rats by inhibiting the secretory autophagy pathway","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib172","article-title":"Prussian blue nanoparticles stabilize SOD1 from ubiquitination-proteasome degradation to rescue intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib173","article-title":"Polydopamine nanoparticles targeting ferroptosis mitigate intervertebral disc degeneration via reactive oxygen species depletion, iron ions chelation, and GPX4 ubiquitination suppression","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5700","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8013","article-title":"Galangin: a food-derived flavonoid with therapeutic potential against a wide spectrum of diseases","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174232","article-title":"Chondroprotective and antiarthritic effects of galangin in osteoarthritis: an in vitro and in vivo study","volume":"906","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28093716","article-title":"The development of naringin for use against bone and cartilage disorders","volume":"28","author":"Gan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.05.007","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of naringin on degenerative human nucleus pulposus cells for discogenic low back pain","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9963","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.918597","article-title":"Naringin protects against interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2)-Induced human nucleus pulposus cells degeneration via downregulation nuclear factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB) pathway and p53 expression","volume":"25","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101635","article-title":"Melatonin: a novel candidate for the treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"78","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101394","article-title":"The potential role of melatonin in retarding intervertebral disc ageing and degeneration: a systematic review","volume":"70","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2016.05.008","article-title":"Deciphering the molecular signals of PINK1\/Parkin mitophagy","volume":"26","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27144513","article-title":"Friedelin attenuates neuronal dysfunction and memory impairment by inhibition of the activated JNK\/NF-\u03baB signalling pathway in scopolamine-induced mice model of neurodegeneration","volume":"27","author":"Sandhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.71","article-title":"From Krebs to clinic: glutamine metabolism to cancer therapy","volume":"16","author":"Altman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06000-3","article-title":"Glutamine suppresses senescence and promotes autophagy through glycolysis inhibition-mediated AMPK\u03b1 lactylation in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2022.113293","article-title":"Astragalus species: phytochemistry, biological actions and molecular mechanisms underlying their potential neuroprotective effects on neurological diseases","volume":"202","author":"Abd Elrahim Abd Elkader","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S441350","article-title":"Systematic pharmacology and experimental validation to reveal the alleviation of Astragalus membranaceus regulating ferroptosis in osteoarthritis","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Des Dev Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10761","article-title":"Cycloastragenol and Astragaloside IV activate telomerase and protect nucleus pulposus cells against high glucose-induced senescence and apoptosis","volume":"22","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176951","article-title":"Network pharmacology and experimental validation to reveal the pharmacological mechanisms of Astragaloside \u2163 in treating intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"982","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1082","article-title":"Autophagy and mTOR signaling during intervertebral disc aging and degeneration","volume":"3","author":"Yurube","year":"2020","journal-title":"JOR Spine"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24682","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M709857200","article-title":"Kruppel-like factor 5 causes cartilage degradation through transactivation of matrix metalloproteinase 9","volume":"283","author":"Shinoda","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/281984","article-title":"Kr\u00fcppel-like factor 5 mediates proinflammatory cytokine expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through upregulation of nuclear factor-\u03baB phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo","volume":"2014","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediat Inflamm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.054","article-title":"SnapShot: extracellular vesicles","volume":"182","author":"Cocozza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04299-1","article-title":"Exploring extracellular vesicles as novel therapeutic agents for intervertebral disc degeneration: delivery, applications, and mechanisms","volume":"16","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2017.14","article-title":"Injectable hydrogels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13441","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c01713","article-title":"A redox homeostasis modulatory hydrogel with GLRX3(+) extracellular vesicles attenuates disc degeneration by suppressing nucleus pulposus cell senescence","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0090-8","article-title":"Engineering precision nanoparticles for drug delivery","volume":"20","author":"Mitchell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7428","article-title":"Targeting oxidative stress using nanoparticles as a Theranostic strategy for cardiovascular diseases","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib174","first-page":"10","article-title":"Histology and pathology of the human intervertebral disc","volume":"88","author":"Roberts","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am Vol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1489420","article-title":"From structure to therapy: the critical influence of cartilaginous endplates and microvascular network on intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-025-00681-8","article-title":"Intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"12","author":"Hammoor","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11717","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S529127","article-title":"Nano-drug delivery system targeting the oxidative stress microenvironment: a prospective strategy for intervertebral disc degeneration treatment","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib178","article-title":"Natural products for intervertebral disc degeneration: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potentials","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14043","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S500364","article-title":"Nanotechnology-enhanced pharmacotherapy for intervertebral disc degeneration treatment","volume":"19","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib180","article-title":"Application trends and strategies of hydrogel delivery systems in intervertebral disc degeneration: a bibliometric review","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124_bib181","article-title":"Constructing intervertebral disc degeneration animal model: a review of current models","volume":"9","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedic Translation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214031X2600080X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214031X2600080X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T21:18:46Z","timestamp":1783199926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2214031X2600080X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":181,"alternative-id":["S2214031X2600080X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-031X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-031X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ubiquitination in intervertebral disc degeneration: from mechanisms to potential therapeutic strategies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Orthopaedic Translation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jot.2026.101124","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Speaking Orthopaedic Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101124"}}