{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:46:29Z","timestamp":1787935589044,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Tsinghua University Press","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Otology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T12:20:02Z","timestamp":1543839602000},"page":"17-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Endoscopic Management of Pediatric Cholesteatoma"],"prefix":"10.26599","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirmal P.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11138","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.10.014","article-title":"Open vs closed type congenital cholesteatoma of the middle ear: two distinct entities or two aspects of the same phenomenon?","volume":"78","author":"Bacciu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carj.2016.05.002","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of cholesteatoma using PROPELLER at 1.5T: a single-centre retrospective study","volume":"68","author":"Clarke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. Assoc. Radiol. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.121514","article-title":"Congenital middle ear cholesteatomas in children: our experience in 34 cases","volume":"126","author":"Darrouzet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25022","article-title":"Cholesteatoma risk in 8,593 orofacial cleft cases and 6,989 siblings: a nationwide study","volume":"125","author":"Djurhuus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199708000-00016","article-title":"Hearing results with cartilage tympanoplasty","volume":"107","author":"Dornhoffer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200308000-00019","article-title":"Intravenous anesthesia provides optimal surgical conditions during microscopic and endoscopic sinus surgery","volume":"113","author":"Eberhart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812458401","article-title":"A\u00a0new standardized format for reporting hearing outcome in clinical trials","volume":"147","author":"Gurgel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2008.09.022","article-title":"Surgical management of otologic disease in pediatric patients with Turner syndrome","volume":"73","author":"Hall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200503000-00001","article-title":"Efficacy of the KTP laser in the treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma","volume":"26","author":"Hamilton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816631941","article-title":"Pediatric endoscopic cholesteatoma surgery","volume":"154","author":"Hunter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813509589","article-title":"Endoscopic anatomy of the pediatric middle ear","volume":"150","author":"Isaacson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.10.019","article-title":"Transcanal endoscopic ear surgery for pediatric population with a narrow external auditory canal","volume":"79","author":"Ito","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2012.10.007","article-title":"Endoscopic middle ear surgery in children","volume":"46","author":"James","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.08.013","article-title":"Minimally invasive transcanal myringotomy for pediatric early stage congenital cholesteatoma","volume":"90","author":"Jang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.05.029","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of pediatric external auditory canal cholesteatoma","volume":"87","author":"Jang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2016.05.009","article-title":"Endoscopic anatomy of the protympanum","volume":"49","author":"Jufas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib17","series-title":"Human Medicine \u2013 Otorhinolaryngology","author":"Karl Storz GmbH","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2016.07.009","article-title":"Optimal use of CT imaging in pediatric congenital cholesteatoma","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-014-3370-2","article-title":"Health-related quality of life measurement after cholesteatoma surgery: comparison of three different surgical techniques","volume":"272","author":"Lailach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100108321","article-title":"Tensa retraction cholesteatoma: treatment and long-term results","volume":"103","author":"Lau","year":"1989","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Laryngol. Otol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2016.2838","article-title":"Recommendations for potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser in the treatment of cholesteatoma","volume":"12","author":"le Nobel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Int Adv Otol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001240","article-title":"Cochleariform process abutment on TBCT in early congenital cholesteatoma","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)31369-4","article-title":"Congenital cholesteatomas of the middle ear in children: origin and management","volume":"22","author":"Levenson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin."},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199801000-00013","article-title":"Postnatal persistence of epidermoid rests in the human middle ear","volume":"108","author":"Levine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e282","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12622","article-title":"Cholesteatoma has a high prevalence in Turner syndrome, highlighting the need for earlier diagnosis and the potential benefits of otoscopy training for paediatricians","volume":"103","author":"Lim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215109992763","article-title":"Acquired cholesteatoma pathogenesis: stepwise explanations","volume":"124","author":"Louw","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Laryngol. Otol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.12.008","article-title":"Endoscopic exclusive transcanal approach to the tympanic cavity cholesteatoma in pediatric patients: our experience","volume":"79","author":"Marchioni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.10.041","article-title":"Management of pediatric cholesteatoma based on presentations, complications, and outcomes","volume":"80","author":"McGuire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib29","series-title":"Merocel","author":"Medtronic","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib30","series-title":"Related Surgical Navigation Products","author":"MedTronic","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib31","first-page":"169","article-title":"An epidermoid formation in the developing middle ear: possible source of cholesteatoma","volume":"15","author":"Michaels","year":"1986","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2524","article-title":"Low-dose temporal bone CT in infants and young children: effective dose and image quality","volume":"32","author":"Nauer","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.7.810","article-title":"Congenital cholesteatoma: classification, management, and outcome","volume":"128","author":"Nelson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib34","series-title":"Radiology Clinician Fact Sheet - Radiation Information","author":"NSW ACI","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-003-0623-x","article-title":"Etiopathogenesis of cholesteatoma","volume":"261","author":"Olszewska","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812445539","article-title":"Clinical indications for canal wall-down mastoidectomy in a pediatric population","volume":"147","author":"Osborn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215107000503","article-title":"Evidence-based review of aetiopathogenic theories of congenital and acquired cholesteatoma","volume":"121","author":"Persaud","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Laryngol. Otol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.123446","article-title":"Congenital cholesteatoma: 20 years' experience at the children's hospital of Philadelphia","volume":"126","author":"Potsic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.9.1009","article-title":"A\u00a0staging system for congenital cholesteatoma","volume":"128","author":"Potsic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.12.014","article-title":"Biology of cholesteatoma: special considerations in pediatric patients","volume":"76","author":"Preciado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000694","article-title":"Pediatric cartilage tympanoplasty with primary intubation","volume":"36","author":"Russell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib42","first-page":"44","article-title":"Temperature management in cardiac surgery","volume":"2013","author":"Saad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glob Cardiol Sci Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000233248.03276.9b","article-title":"Surgical treatment of pediatric cholesteatomas","volume":"116","author":"Shirazi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib44","series-title":"Otology","author":"Spiggle and Theis Medizintechnik GmbH","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib45","series-title":"Transcanal Endoscopic Management of Acquired Cholesteatoma. Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-head and Neck Surgery","author":"Tarabichi","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib46","first-page":"189","article-title":"Treatment of cholesteatoma in children. A long-term study of results","volume":"4","author":"Tos","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Otol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1159\/000415679","article-title":"Incidence, etiology and pathogenesis of cholesteatoma in children","volume":"40","author":"Tos","year":"1988","journal-title":"Adv. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib48","series-title":"Radiation Sources and Doses","author":"United States Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240501900516","article-title":"The effect of the total intravenous anesthesia compared with inhalational anesthesia on the surgical field during endoscopic sinus surgery","volume":"19","author":"Wormald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Rhinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000527","article-title":"Curved adjustable fiberoptic laser for endoscopic cholesteatoma surgery","volume":"36","author":"Yau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Otology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1672293018300540?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1672293018300540?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T08:30:32Z","timestamp":1775291432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1672293018300540"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1672293018300540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1672-2930"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1672-2930","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}}}