{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:29:53Z","timestamp":1788449393224,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIA HD008985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA HD008985"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpagonline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T20:38:57Z","timestamp":1593808737000},"page":"54-60.e4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Vaginal Yolk Sac Tumor: A Case Series and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Allison C.","family":"Mayhew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Rytting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista J.","family":"Childress","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2011.10.005","article-title":"Pediatric germ cell tumors","volume":"21","author":"Rescorla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib2","series-title":"AGCT1531. COG Protocols","first-page":"155","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(84)90050-7","article-title":"Endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina: a report of nine cases and review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Young","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00419289","article-title":"Endodermal germ cell carcinoma (endodermal sinus tumor) of the vagina in infant girls","volume":"94","author":"Beller","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-911X(199905)32:5<377::AID-MPO12>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina in children","volume":"32","author":"Lopes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Pediatr Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2558","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850601)55:11<2558::AID-CNCR2820551107>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina and cervix","volume":"55","author":"Copeland","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63453","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18829","article-title":"Conservative management of primary vaginal endodermal sinus tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma","volume":"8","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20636","article-title":"Endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina","volume":"48","author":"Terenziani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2011.12.430","article-title":"Conservative treatment and long-term follow up of endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina","volume":"125","author":"Tao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-011-2209-y","article-title":"A case of yolk sac tumor of the vagina in an infant","volume":"285","author":"Arafah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-002-0736-0","article-title":"A rare germ-cell tumor site: vaginal endodermal sinus tumor","volume":"18","author":"Arora","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s11805-007-0071-2","article-title":"Case report of an endodermal sinus vaginal tumor in an infant girl","volume":"4","author":"Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chinese J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(96)90000-7","article-title":"Clinical experience with conservative surgery for vaginal endodermal sinus tumor","volume":"31","author":"Hwang","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib14","first-page":"158","article-title":"Endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina--a rare entity treated exclusively with chemotherapy","volume":"51","author":"Ahsan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(96)90090-1","article-title":"Endodermal sinus tumor in children","volume":"31","author":"Davidoff","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1993.1070","article-title":"Endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina in an infant: magnetic resonance imaging evaluation","volume":"48","author":"Imai","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(85)90142-8","article-title":"Endodermal sinus tumor of the infant vagina","volume":"20","author":"Kohorn","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mph.0000243661.56432.ec","article-title":"Endodermal sinus tumor of the infant vagina treated exclusively with chemotherapy","volume":"28","author":"Lacy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.55008","article-title":"Endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina in children: a report of two cases","volume":"52","author":"Gangopadhyay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12182","article-title":"Endodermal sinus tumor of vagina posing a diagnostic challenge and managed by chemotherapy and novel posterior sagittal surgical approach: lessons learned","volume":"40","author":"Goyal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64724-6","article-title":"New perspectives on therapy for vaginal endodermal sinus tumors","volume":"168","author":"Handel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000000344","article-title":"Pediatric vaginal yolk sac tumor: reappraisal of treatment strategy in a rare tumor at a unique location","volume":"37","author":"Rajagopal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(78)90055-0","article-title":"Endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina","volume":"6","author":"Rezaizadeh","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.4081\/rt.2013.e22","article-title":"Endodermal sinus tumor of vagina in infants","volume":"5","author":"Chauhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rare Tumors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib25","first-page":"507","article-title":"Endodermal sinus tumor of the infant vagina treated exclusively by chemotherapy","volume":"73","author":"Collins","year":"1989","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5851.51418","article-title":"Extragonadal germ-cell tumour of the vagina","volume":"29","author":"Joshi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05215-0","article-title":"Primary chemotherapy and conservative surgery for vaginal yolk-sac tumour. Maligne Keimzelltumoren Study Group","volume":"355","author":"Mauz-Korholz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1080\/08880010600856972","article-title":"Successful treatment of an endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina by chemotherapy alone: a rare case of an infant diagnosed by pathological examination of discharged tumor fragment","volume":"23","author":"Shinkoda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9395","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2014.15.21.9395","article-title":"Prognosis of eight chinese cases of primary vaginal yolk sac tumor with a review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pacif J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02734156","article-title":"Vaginal endodermal sinus tumor","volume":"72","author":"Kumar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib31","first-page":"23842","article-title":"Vaginal neoplasms in infancy: the combined role of chemotherapy and conservative surgical resection","author":"McHenry","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2009.01083.x","article-title":"Vaginal yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumors in infancy presenting persistent vaginal bleeding","volume":"36","author":"Watanabe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib33","first-page":"2183","article-title":"Yolk sac tumor of vagina: a case report","volume":"8","author":"Alhumidi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850901)56:5<1025::AID-CNCR2820560509>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina. The role of primary chemotherapy","volume":"56","author":"Andersen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e336","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000000325","article-title":"Vaginal Yolk sac tumor in an infant: a case report and literature review of the last 30 years","volume":"37","author":"Bhatt","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20108","article-title":"Treatment of an infant with a vaginal yolk sac tumour and distant metastases with chemotherapy only","volume":"43","author":"Neels","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2009.10.005","article-title":"Vaginal yolk sac tumor causing infantile hydrometra: use of multidetector-row computed tomography","volume":"23","author":"Wani","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197105)27:5<1231::AID-CNCR2820270531>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina. Report of a case with 7-year survival and literature review of so-called \"mesonephromas\"","volume":"27","author":"Allyn","year":"1971","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-013-0383-5","article-title":"Endodermal sinus tumor of the vagina in a child","volume":"62","author":"Anuradha","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(79)80129-3","article-title":"Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumors in infants and children","volume":"14","author":"Juckes","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00790","article-title":"Detection of relapse by tumor markers versus imaging in children and adolescents with nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors: a report from the Children's Oncology Group","volume":"37","author":"Fonseca","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31823c510b","article-title":"Solid pattern yolk sac tumor: a morphologic and immunohistochemical study of 52 cases","volume":"36","author":"Kao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000722","article-title":"Yolk sac tumor in extragonadal pelvic sites: still a diagnostic challenge","volume":"41","author":"Ravishankar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.08.015","volume":"22","author":"Cushing","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(03)00121-0","article-title":"The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery in children with malignant germ cell tumors of the genital region: a pediatric intergroup trial","volume":"38","author":"Rescorla","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1083318820302576?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1083318820302576?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T13:47:28Z","timestamp":1761054448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1083318820302576"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1083318820302576"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-3188","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vaginal Yolk Sac Tumor: A Case Series and Review of the Literature","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}