{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:33:15Z","timestamp":1793046795411,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpagonline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:55:02Z","timestamp":1792079702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vulvar Mastocytosis in Children and Adolescents: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Olubunmi K","family":"Ajao-Brunson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenie","family":"Lehembre-Shiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swetha","family":"Naroji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi Ramachandran","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinar Engin","family":"Zerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melody C.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Gomez-Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-042618","article-title":"New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Mastocytosis: Emerging Concepts in Diagnosis and Therapy","volume":"18","author":"Valent","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2024-067915","article-title":"Confirmed Systemic Mastocytosis in a Pediatric Patient With Widespread Cutaneous Symptoms","author":"Cahill","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13443","article-title":"Cutaneous mastocytosis: A dermatological perspective","volume":"62","author":"Di Raimondo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.281","article-title":"Pediatric mastocytosis is a clonal disease associated with D816V and other activating c-KIT mutations","volume":"130","author":"Bodemer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1409760","article-title":"Mast Cells, Mastocytosis, and Related Disorders","volume":"373","author":"Theoharides","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052586","article-title":"Molecular Background, Clinical Features and Management of Pediatric Mastocytosis: Status 2021","volume":"22","author":"Lange","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.20214","article-title":"Prevalence of myeloid gene alterations in paediatric cutaneous and systemic mastocytosis","volume":"207","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4084\/MJHID.2021.069","article-title":"Pediatric Mastocytosis: An Update","volume":"13","author":"Giona","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2165\/11588890-000000000-00000","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous mastocytosis in children: practical recommendations","volume":"12","author":"Castells","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000646","article-title":"Updated Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Mast Cell Disorders: A Consensus Proposal","volume":"5","author":"Valent","year":"2021","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01613-1","article-title":"The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Myeloid and Histiocytic\/Dendritic Neoplasms","volume":"36","author":"Khoury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-025-00611-8","article-title":"Mastocytosis","volume":"11","author":"Akin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2007.01807.x","article-title":"Standards and standardization in mastocytosis: consensus statements on diagnostics, treatment recommendations and response criteria","volume":"37","author":"Valent","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0014","first-page":"161","article-title":"Challenges in the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Mastocytosis","volume":"14","author":"Brockow","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagn Basel Switz"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.178091","article-title":"Solitary mastocytoma with positive Darier\u2019s sign","volume":"7","author":"Nair","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.06.030","article-title":"Developing a standardized approach for assessing mast cells and eosinophils on tissue biopsies: A Work Group Report of the AAAAI Allergic Skin Diseases Committee","volume":"148","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.04.024","article-title":"Assessment of clinical findings, tryptase levels, and bone marrow histopathology in the management of pediatric mastocytosis","volume":"136","author":"Carter","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1957.01550180026007","article-title":"Nodular urticaria pigmentosa of the vulva in siblings","volume":"75","author":"Burks","year":"1957","journal-title":"AMA Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.77460","article-title":"Coexistence of two types of clinical lesions in childhood-onset mastocytosis","volume":"77","author":"P\u00e9rez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2017.03.047","article-title":"Vulvar Nodules: A Rare Presentation of Mastocytosis","volume":"30","author":"Lawson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2024.01.043","article-title":"Cutaneous Mastocytosis Presenting as Isolated Unilateral Labial Swelling","volume":"37","author":"Imbo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"issue":"0","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0022","article-title":"Adult-onset cutaneous mastocytosis presenting as vulvar papules","volume":"0","author":"Braun","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.23026","article-title":"Systemic mastocytosis in a child with t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"57","author":"Mahadeo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.101761","article-title":"Systemic mastocytosis with associated acute myeloid leukemia with t (8; 21) (q22; q22)","volume":"55","author":"Gadage","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0025","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Mastocytoma","author":"Ahmed","year":"2025"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0026","first-page":"01115","article-title":"Management of Mastocytosis and Mast Cell Activation in Children","volume":"S2213-2198","author":"Carter","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(05)70299-9","article-title":"Pediatric mastocytosis","volume":"14","author":"Hartmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000922","article-title":"Pediatric mastocytosis","volume":"32","author":"Hussain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.08.034","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations in patients with mastocytosis: Consensus report of the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis; the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology; and the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology","volume":"137","author":"Hartmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1083318826005139?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1083318826005139?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:34:25Z","timestamp":1793043265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1083318826005139"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S1083318826005139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-3188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-3188","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vulvar Mastocytosis in Children and Adolescents: A Case Series","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpag.2026.10.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}