{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T13:19:22Z","timestamp":1791033562113,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6066,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpain.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,2]],"date-time":"2006-09-02T07:55:59Z","timestamp":1157183759000},"page":"102-109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":194,"title":["Preamputation Pain and Acute Pain Predict Chronic Pain After Lower Extremity Amputation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Marisol A.","family":"Hanley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark P.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas G.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn M.","family":"Ehde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Thomas","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence R.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(90)90009-S","article-title":"The relationship between situational stress and phantom limb pain: Cross-lagged correlational data from six month pain logs","volume":"34","author":"Arena","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90288-6","article-title":"Phantom limb pain in amputees during the first 12 months following limb amputation, after preoperative lumbar epidural blockade","volume":"33","author":"Bach","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90161-H","article-title":"Contribution of central neuroplasticity to pathological pain: Review of clinical and experimental evidence","volume":"52","author":"Coderre","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(02)00538-9","article-title":"Phantom pain and risk factors: A multivariate analysis","volume":"24","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S1082-3174(97)70009-6","article-title":"Which individuals with acute pain are most likely to develop a chronic pain syndrome?","volume":"6","author":"Dworkin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pain Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2000.7583","article-title":"Chronic phantom sensations, phantom pain, residual limb pain, and other regional pain after lower limb amputation","volume":"81","author":"Ehde","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00349-9","article-title":"Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale","volume":"94","author":"Farrar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/375482a0","article-title":"Phantom-limb pain as a perceptual correlate of cortical reorganization following arm amputation","volume":"375","author":"Flor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280410001708896","article-title":"Psychosocial predictors of long-term adjustment to lower-limb amputation and phantom limb pain","volume":"26","author":"Hanley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90010-M","article-title":"The use of pain coping strategies by patients with phantom limb pain","volume":"55","author":"Hill","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)00253-B","article-title":"The role of coping in adjustment to phantom limb pain","volume":"62","author":"Hill","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280410001708869","article-title":"Psychosocial adjustment to lower-limb amputation: A review","volume":"26","author":"Horgan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib13","first-page":"22","article-title":"Phantom pain: Natural history and association with rehabilitation","volume":"76","author":"Houghton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198703000-00027","article-title":"Pain management after lower extremity amputation","volume":"20","author":"Iacono","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib15","first-page":"324","article-title":"Prevention of phantom pain after major lower limb amputation by epidural infusion of diamorphine, clonidine and bupivacaine","volume":"76","author":"Jahangiri","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00390-6","article-title":"Cognitions, coping and social environment predict adjustment to phantom limb pain","volume":"95","author":"Jensen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(83)90097-0","article-title":"Phantom limb, phantom pain, and stump pain in amputees during the first 6 months following limb amputation","volume":"17","author":"Jensen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(85)90090-9","article-title":"Immediate and long-term phantom limb pain in amputees: Incidence, clinical characteristics and relationship to pre-amputation limb pain","volume":"21","author":"Jensen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)65130-6","article-title":"Phantom limb pain","volume":"350","author":"Katz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199603000-00009","article-title":"Acute pain after thoracic surgery predicts long-term post-thoracotomy pain","volume":"12","author":"Katz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199209000-00006","article-title":"Pre-emptive analgesia: clinical evidence of neuroplasticity contributing to postoperative pain","volume":"77","author":"Katz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(90)90029-D","article-title":"Pain \u2018memories\u2019 in phantom limbs: Review and clinical observations","volume":"43","author":"Katz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/00115550-200107000-00007","article-title":"Randomized prospective study comparing preoperative epidural and intraoperative perineural analgesia for the prevention of postoperative stump and phantom limb pain following major amputation","volume":"26","author":"Lambert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib24","series-title":"The Management of Pain","first-page":"244","article-title":"Pain after amputation: Phantom limb and stump pain","author":"Loeser","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90287-4","article-title":"Post-operative orthopaedic pain: The effect of opiate premedication and local anaesthetic blocks","volume":"333","author":"McQuay","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05822.x","article-title":"Central neuroplasticity and pathological pain","volume":"933","author":"Melzack","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)00061-4","article-title":"The influence of preamputation pain on postamputation stump and phantom pain","volume":"72","author":"Nikolajsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)06315-0","article-title":"Randomized trial of epidural bupivacaine and morphine in prevention of stump and phantom pain in lower-limb amputation","volume":"350","author":"Nikolajsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/87.1.107","article-title":"Phantom limb pain","volume":"87","author":"Nikolajsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-6465(22)01983-1","article-title":"Psychologic aspects of post-amputation pain","volume":"11","author":"Pasnau","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nurs Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.5-4-368","article-title":"Plasticity and functional recovery in neurology","volume":"5","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90220-5","article-title":"Chronic pain and depression: Toward a cognitive-behavioral mediation model","volume":"35","author":"Rudy","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280410001708986","article-title":"Diversity in adjustment to a leg amputation: Case illustrations of common themes","volume":"26","author":"Rybarczyk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199904000-00005","article-title":"Phantom limb, residual limb, and back pain after lower extremity amputations","volume":"361","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199001000-00006","article-title":"Postoperative pain after inguinal hemiorraphy with different types of anesthesia","volume":"70","author":"Tverskoy","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90154-4","article-title":"Grading the severity of chronic pain","volume":"50","author":"Von Korff","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198501000-00009","article-title":"Does preamputation pain influence phantom limb pain in cancer patients?","volume":"78","author":"Wall","year":"1985","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/78.6.652","article-title":"Phantom pain and sensation among British veteran amputees","volume":"78","author":"Wartan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(95)00133-6","article-title":"Phantom limb pain and etiology of amputation in unilateral lower extremity amputees","volume":"11","author":"Weiss","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280410001708878","article-title":"A two-year longitudinal study of social support following amputation","volume":"26","author":"Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152659000600887X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152659000600887X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T19:43:39Z","timestamp":1761507819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S152659000600887X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S152659000600887X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-5900"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-5900","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Preamputation Pain and Acute Pain Predict Chronic Pain After Lower Extremity Amputation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pain","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 American Pain Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}