{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:23:09Z","timestamp":1790392989389,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2475,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","jpain.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]],"date-time":"2016-09-09T23:01:41Z","timestamp":1473462101000},"page":"1291-1301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Codeine Shopping Behavior in a Retrospective Cohort of Chronic Noncancer Pain Patients: Incidence and Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chouki","family":"Chenaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Luc","family":"Kabore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Delorme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lien","family":"Mulliez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Eschalier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"No\u00e9mie","family":"Delage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Authier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib1","unstructured":"ANSM: French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety: Analysis of drug sales in France in 2013. Available at: http:\/\/ansm.sante.fr\/var\/ansm_site\/storage\/original\/application\/3df7b99f8f4c9ee634a6a9b094624341.pdf. Accessed July 11, 2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ES177","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/ES177","article-title":"Prevention of opioid abuse in chronic non-cancer pain: an algorithmic, evidence based approach","volume":"15","author":"Atluri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E119","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2014\/17\/E119","article-title":"Assessment of the trends in medical use and misuse of opioid analgesics from 2004 to 2011","volume":"17","author":"Atluri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra025411","article-title":"Opioid therapy for chronic pain","volume":"349","author":"Ballantyne","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2008\/11\/S105","article-title":"Opioid complications and side effects","volume":"11","author":"Benyamin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2429-5","article-title":"Insulin glargine and risk of cancer: A cohort study in the French National Healthcare Insurance Database","volume":"55","author":"Blin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03052.x","article-title":"Risk factors for drug dependence among out-patients on opioid therapy in a large US health-care system","volume":"105","author":"Boscarino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.06.009","article-title":"Survey of chronic pain in Europe: Prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment","volume":"10","author":"Breivik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cairns R, Brown J, Buckley N: The impact of codeine re-scheduling on misuse: A retrospective review of calls to Australia\u2019s largest poisons centre. Addiction 111:1848-1853, 2016","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13450"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1159\/000337028","article-title":"Misuse of medicines in the European Union: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Casati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Addict Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2165\/11596600-000000000-00000","article-title":"Assessing opioid shopping behaviour: A large cohort study from a medication dispensing database in the US","volume":"35","author":"Cepeda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270012436561","article-title":"Opioid shopping behavior: How Often, how soon, which drugs, and what payment method","volume":"53","author":"Cepeda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000067","article-title":"Comparison of the risks of shopping behavior and opioid abuse between tapentadol and oxycodone and association of shopping behavior and opioid abuse","volume":"30","author":"Cepeda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.10.012","article-title":"Comparison of opioid doctor shopping for tapentadol and oxycodone: A cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Cepeda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Drug-poisoning deaths involving opioid analgesics: United States, 1999\u20132011","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4056","article-title":"Incidence of tramadol shopping behavior in a retrospective cohort of chronic non-cancer pain patients in France","volume":"25","author":"Chenaf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2014\/17\/401","article-title":"Chronic opioid therapy for chronic non-cancer pain: A review and comparison of treatment guidelines","volume":"17","author":"Cheung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2559","article-title":"The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: A systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop","volume":"162","author":"Chou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1508490","article-title":"Relationship between nonmedical prescription-opioid use and heroin use","volume":"374","author":"Compton","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1406143","article-title":"Trends in opioid analgesic abuse and mortality in the United States","volume":"372","author":"Dart","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.1464","article-title":"CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain\u2013United States, 2016","volume":"315","author":"Dowell","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12239","article-title":"Usage patterns of \u201cover-the-counter\u201d vs. prescription-strength nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in France","volume":"77","author":"Duong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.02.014","article-title":"Risk factors for clinically recognized opioid abuse and dependence among veterans using opioids for chronic non-cancer pain","volume":"129","author":"Edlund","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.07.006","article-title":"Chronic pain, opioid prescriptions, and mortality in Denmark: A population-based cohort study","volume":"155","author":"Ekholm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-015-6572-y","article-title":"Impact of clinical characteristics and management on the prognosis of unselected heart failure patients","volume":"29","author":"Eschalier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-90","article-title":"Trends and changes in prescription opioid analgesic dispensing in Canada 2005\u20132012: An update with a focus on recent interventions","volume":"14","author":"Fischer","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2007.00370.x","article-title":"What percentage of chronic nonmalignant pain patients exposed to chronic opioid analgesic therapy develop abuse\/addiction and\/or aberrant drug-related behaviors? A structured evidence-based review","volume":"9","author":"Fishbain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3213","article-title":"Estimate of deaths due to valvular insufficiency attributable to the use of benfluorex in France","volume":"21","author":"Fournier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03911.x","article-title":"Serious morbidity associated with misuse of over-the-counter codeine-ibuprofen analgesics: A series of 27 cases","volume":"193","author":"Frei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2013.07.2684","article-title":"Risks, management, and monitoring of combination opioid, benzodiazepines, and\/or alcohol use","volume":"125","author":"Gudin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.07.011","article-title":"Comparison of fatal poisonings by prescription opioids","volume":"222","author":"H\u00e4kkinen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2008.11.006","article-title":"Trends in opioid consumption in the Nordic countries 2002\u20132006","volume":"13","author":"Hamunen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3496","article-title":"Increasing trends in Schedule II opioid use and doctor shopping during 1999\u20132007 in California","volume":"23","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.07.046","article-title":"Addictive behaviors related to opioid use for chronic pain: A population-based study","volume":"154","author":"H\u00f8jsted","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2009.00603.x","article-title":"Prescription opioid abuse and diversion in an urban community: The results of an ultrarapid assessment","volume":"10","author":"Inciardi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib36","unstructured":"International Narcotics Control Board: Narcotic Drugs 2014: Estimated World Requirements for 2015. Available at: http:\/\/www.incb.org\/documents\/Narcotic-Drugs\/Technical-Publications\/2014\/Narcotic_Drugs_Report_2014.pdf. Accessed July 11, 2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12937","article-title":"Twenty-five years of prescription opioid use in Australia: A whole-of-population analysis using pharmaceutical claims","volume":"82","author":"Karanges","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1343","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2538","article-title":"More codeine fatalities after tonsillectomy in North American children","volume":"129","author":"Kelly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S47182","article-title":"Long-term opioid treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain: Unproven efficacy and neglected safety?","volume":"6","author":"Kissin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2008.02.001","article-title":"Prescription Opioid Misuse Index: A brief questionnaire to assess misuse","volume":"35","author":"Knisely","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib41","first-page":"S67","article-title":"American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians: American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) guidelines for responsible opioid prescribing in chronic non-cancer pain: Part 2\u2013guidance","volume":"15","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ES9","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/ES9","article-title":"Opioid epidemic in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2003\/6\/425","article-title":"Screening for controlled substance abuse in interventional pain management settings: Evaluation of an assessment tool","volume":"6","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1912","article-title":"Pharmacoepidemiological research using French reimbursement databases: yes we can!","volume":"19","author":"Martin-Latry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69241","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069241","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of opioid diversion by \u201cdoctor shoppers\u201d in the United States","volume":"8","author":"McDonald","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.793","article-title":"Prescription opioids, overdose deaths, and physician responsibility","volume":"300","author":"McLellan","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12224","article-title":"Comparing treatment-seeking codeine users and strong opioid users: Findings from a novel case series","volume":"34","author":"Nielsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib48","first-page":"CD006605","article-title":"Long-term opioid management for chronic noncancer pain","author":"Noble","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib49","first-page":"89","article-title":"Doctor shopping reveals geographical variations in opioid abuse","volume":"16","author":"Nordmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.2165\/11316590-000000000-00000","article-title":"Evaluation of abuse and dependence on drugs used for self-medication: A pharmacoepidemiological pilot study based on community pharmacies in France","volume":"32","author":"Orriols","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib51","first-page":"783","article-title":"Identifying controlled substance patterns of utilization requiring evaluation using administrative claims data","volume":"10","author":"Parente","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.03.009","article-title":"Estimated magnitude of diversion and abuse of opioids relative to benzodiazepines in France","volume":"126","author":"Pauly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31824ebd81","article-title":"Doctor and pharmacy shopping for controlled substances","volume":"50","author":"Peirce","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.02.009","article-title":"Dynamic risk factors in the misuse of opioid analgesics","volume":"72","author":"Pergolizzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1204493","article-title":"Medication reconciliation for controlled substances\u2013an \u201cideal\u201d prescription-drug monitoring program","volume":"366","author":"Perrone","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01450.x","article-title":"A model to identify patients at risk for prescription opioid abuse, dependence, and misuse","volume":"13","author":"Rice","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib57","first-page":"59","article-title":"Misuse of over-the-counter codeine-containing analgesics: Dependence and other adverse effects","volume":"123","author":"Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76499","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076499","article-title":"Misuse and dependence on non-prescription codeine analgesics or sedative H1 antihistamines by adults: A cross-sectional investigation in France","volume":"8","author":"Roussin","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.5694\/mja15.00183","article-title":"Trends and characteristics of accidental and intentional codeine overdose deaths in Australia","volume":"203","author":"Roxburgh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib60","first-page":"42","article-title":"Doctor shopping: A phenomenon of many themes","volume":"9","author":"Sansone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Innov Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2005.04.004","article-title":"Pain medication beliefs and medication misuse in chronic pain","volume":"6","author":"Schieffer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib62","first-page":"45","article-title":"Increase in opiate prescription in Germany between 2000 and 2010: A study based on insurance data","volume":"110","author":"Schubert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dtsch \u00c4rztebl Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ES67","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/ES67","article-title":"Prescription opioid abuse in chronic pain: A review of opioid abuse predictors and strategies to curb opioid abuse","volume":"15","author":"Sehgal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.02.045","article-title":"To what extent does a cohort of new users of weak opioids develop persistent or probable problematic opioid use?","volume":"152","author":"Skurtveit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12099","article-title":"Regulatory responses to over-the-counter codeine analgesic misuse in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom","volume":"37","author":"Tobin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respe.2010.04.005","article-title":"French national health insurance information system and the permanent beneficiaries sample","volume":"58","author":"Tuppin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2174\/187447370801150611184218","article-title":"The misuse of prescription opioids: A threat for Europe?","volume":"8","author":"Van Amsterdam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Drug Abuse Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib68","unstructured":"Van Hout MC, Bergin M, Foley M, Rich E, Rapca AI, Harris R, Norman I: A Scoping Review of Codeine Use, Misuse and Dependence, final report. CODEMISUSED Project European Commission 7th Framework Programme, EU. Brussels. Available at: http:\/\/codemisused.org\/uploads\/files\/Van_Hout_et_al_Scoping_Report_23-03-2015.pdf. Accessed July 9, 2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib69","article-title":"\u201cCodeine is my companion\u201d: Misuse and dependence on codeine containing medicines in Ireland","author":"Van Hout","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ir J Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.12.010","article-title":"Chronic pain reconsidered","volume":"138","author":"Von Korff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f5599","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f5599","article-title":"Friends, doctors, and tramadol: We might have a problem","volume":"347","author":"Winstock","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.01.475","article-title":"Defining risk of prescription opioid overdose: Pharmacy shopping and overlapping prescriptions among long-term opioid users in Medicaid","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2011.03908.x","article-title":"Deaths of opiate\/opioid misusers involving dihydrocodeine, UK, 1997-2007","volume":"72","author":"Zamparutti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152659001630205X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152659001630205X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T23:17:34Z","timestamp":1694906254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S152659001630205X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S152659001630205X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-5900"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-5900","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Codeine Shopping Behavior in a Retrospective Cohort of Chronic Noncancer Pain Patients: Incidence and Risk Factors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pain","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.08.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 by the American Pain Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}