{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:48:53Z","timestamp":1792622933222,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":740,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpain.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]],"date-time":"2021-03-07T09:04:27Z","timestamp":1615107867000},"page":"1048-1059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":210,"title":["Gender Biases in Estimation of Others\u2019 Pain"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Lanlan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A. Reynolds","family":"Losin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5602-5619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoni K.","family":"Ashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Koban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tor D.","family":"Wager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12591","article-title":"The influence of health care professional characteristics on pain treatment recommendations","volume":"16","author":"Bartley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2010.03.006","article-title":"The social face of emotion recognition: Evaluations versus stereotypes","volume":"46","author":"Bijlstra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001275","article-title":"Conceptual complexity of gender and its relevance to pain","volume":"159","author":"Boerner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000626","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain is effective, but for whom?","volume":"157","author":"Broderick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2007.00541.x","article-title":"Nobody likes a back bore\u2019\u2013exploring lay perspectives of chronic pain: Revealing the hidden voices of nonservice users","volume":"22","author":"Campbell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Caring Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjz008","article-title":"Implicit stereotypes: Evidence from teachers\u2019 gender bias","volume":"134","author":"Carlana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Q J Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2008.00100.x","article-title":"Gender disparity in analgesic treatment of emergency department patients with acute abdominal pain","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.09.020","article-title":"Expertise modulates the perception of pain in others","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0009","unstructured":"CIHR: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Institute of Gender and Health. What is gender? What is sex? 2021. Available at: http:\/\/www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca\/e\/48642.html. Accessed March 22, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/02739615.2014.849918","article-title":"Gender biases in adult ratings of pediatric pain","volume":"43","author":"Cohen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.01.025","article-title":"Physicians down-regulate their pain empathy response: An event-related brain potential study","volume":"50","author":"Decety","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013636","article-title":"Addressing the intersecting problems of opioid misuse and chronic pain treatment","volume":"16","author":"Denisco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1054\/jpai.2002.xb30064","article-title":"Caregiver report of pain in infants and toddlers with sickle cell disease: reliability and validity of a daily diary","volume":"3","author":"Ely","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0014","series-title":"Manual for the Facial Action Coding System","author":"Ekman","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.10.007","article-title":"Postoperative pain in children: association between anxiety sensitivity, pain catastrophizing, and female caregivers' responses to children's pain","volume":"15","author":"Esteve","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-000-0006-6","article-title":"Sex, gender, and pain: Women and men really are different","volume":"4","author":"Fillingim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Rev Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2008.12.001","article-title":"Sex, gender, and pain: A review of recent clinical and experimental findings","volume":"10","author":"Fillingim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.10.025","article-title":"Facing others in pain: The effects of empathy","volume":"118","author":"Goubert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2009.00563.x","article-title":"The relationship between empathy and estimates of observed pain","volume":"10","author":"Green","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.10.014","article-title":"Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: A consensus report","volume":"132","author":"Greenspan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.888","article-title":"Repeated exposure to others\u2019 pain reduces vicarious pain intensity estimation","volume":"20","author":"Gr\u00e9goire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00258-4","article-title":"Differences in pain expression between male and female newborn infants","volume":"85","author":"Guinsburg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2217\/17455057.4.3.237","article-title":"Gender bias in medicine","volume":"4","author":"Hamberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Women's health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0024","first-page":"653","article-title":"Gender bias in physicians' management of neck pain: a study of the answers in a Swedish national examination","volume":"11","author":"Hamberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Women Health Gen-B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2006.01.010","article-title":"Disparities in analgesia and opioid prescribing practices for patients with musculoskeletal pain in the emergency department","volume":"32","author":"Heins","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Emerg Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.02.005","article-title":"Pain assessment and treatment disparities: A virtual human technology investigation","volume":"143","author":"Hirsh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.02.003","article-title":"The influence of patient sex, provider sex, and sexist attitudes on pain treatment decisions","volume":"15","author":"Hirsh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2001.tb00037.x","article-title":"The girl who cried pain: a bias against women in the treatment of pain","volume":"28","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Law Med Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12506","article-title":"Impact of race and sex on pain management by medical trainees: A mixed methods pilot study of decision making and awareness of influence","volume":"16","author":"Hollingshead","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721415605257","article-title":"Stereotype (in) accuracy in perceptions of groups and individuals","volume":"24","author":"Jussim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.10.007","article-title":"Pain estimation: Asking the right questions","volume":"148","author":"Kappesser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00296-7","article-title":"The relationship of gender to pain, pain behavior, and disability in osteoarthritis patients: The role of catastrophizing","volume":"87","author":"Keefe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.05.009","article-title":"Prevalence of persistent pain in the US adult population: New data from the 2010 national health interview survey","volume":"15","author":"Kennedy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200008000-00034","article-title":"Gender differences in opioid-mediated analgesia: Animal and human studies","volume":"93","author":"Kest","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAm Soc Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0035","first-page":"57","article-title":"Painful data: The UNBC-McMaster shoulder pain expression archive database","volume":"2011","author":"Lucey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Face and Gesture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.10.010","article-title":"Judgments about pain intensity and pain genuineness: the role of pain behavior and judgmental heuristics","volume":"12","author":"Martel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000931","article-title":"The effect of a lay-led, group-based self-management program for patients with chronic pain: A randomized controlled trial of the Danish version of the Chronic Pain Self-Management Programme","volume":"158","author":"Mehlsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2007.02.001","article-title":"Women are less likely than men to receive prehospital analgesia for isolated extremity injuries","volume":"25","author":"Michael","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200307000-00005","article-title":"Psychosocial contributions to sex-correlated differences in pain","volume":"19","author":"Myers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.05.002","article-title":"Estimates of pain prevalence and severity in adults: United States, 2012","volume":"16","author":"Nahin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1300\/J076v28n03_02","article-title":"Ethnic differences in assessment and treatment of affective disorders in a jail population","volume":"28","author":"Paradis","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Offender Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.05.020","article-title":"Does gender influence response to differing psychotherapies by those with unipolar depression?","volume":"130","author":"Parker","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Affect Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0043","series-title":"Real Boys: Rescuing Our Sons from the Myths of Boyhood","author":"Pollack","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90213-U","article-title":"The consistency of facial expressions of pain: a comparison across modalities","volume":"51","author":"Prkachin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)90206-2","article-title":"Encoding and decoding of pain expressions: A judgement study","volume":"58","author":"Prkachin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.03.027","article-title":"Effects of exposure on perception of pain expression","volume":"111","author":"Prkachin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.04.010","article-title":"The structure, reliability and validity of pain expression: Evidence from patients with shoulder pain","volume":"139","author":"Prkachin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(95)70107-9","article-title":"Gender-associated differences in emergency department pain management","volume":"26","author":"Raftery","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122419833601","article-title":"Scaling down inequality: Rating scales, gender bias, and the architecture of evaluation","volume":"84","author":"Rivera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Sociol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1054\/jpai.2001.24551","article-title":"Gender role expectations of pain: Relationship to sex differences in pain","volume":"2","author":"Robinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00014-9","article-title":"Gender bias in the observation of experimental pain","volume":"104","author":"Robinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2004.04.003","article-title":"Prior pain experience: Influence on the observation of experimental pain in men and women","volume":"5","author":"Robinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2003.11.004","article-title":"Influences of gender role and anxiety on sex differences in temporal summation of pain","volume":"5","author":"Robinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026282210848","article-title":"Sex differences in clinical pain: A multisample study","volume":"5","author":"Robinson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol Med S"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2008.00524.x","article-title":"Impact of physician and patient gender on pain management in the emergency department\u2014a multicenter study","volume":"10","author":"Safdar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000536","article-title":"Health care providers' judgments in chronic pain: The influence of gender and trustworthiness","volume":"157","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093535","article-title":"Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain","volume":"303","author":"Singer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-6712.2001.00027.x","article-title":"Congruence between health professionals\u2019 and patients\u2019 pain ratings: A review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Solomon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand J Caring Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2015.1072285","article-title":"Effects of sex and gender in ten types of psychotherapy","volume":"27","author":"Staczan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychother Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005459110063","article-title":"Gender differences in pain and pain behavior: The role of catastrophizing","volume":"24","author":"Sullivan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cognitive Ther Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200409000-00001","article-title":"Personality factors in the explanation of sex differences in pain catastrophizing and response to experimental pain","volume":"20","author":"Thorn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000587","article-title":"Multiple faces of pain: Effects of chronic pain on the brain regulation of facial expression","volume":"157","author":"Vachon-Presseau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2013.09.011","article-title":"The impact of patients\u2019 gender, race, and age on health care professionals\u2019 pain management decisions: An online survey using virtual human technology","volume":"51","author":"Wandner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.10.014","article-title":"The perception of pain in others: How gender, race, and age influence pain expectations","volume":"13","author":"Wandner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016004211.x","article-title":"Do gender and race affect recommendations about pain treatment?","volume":"16","author":"Weisse","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00473-0","article-title":"Gender role expectations of pain: Relationship to experimental pain perception","volume":"96","author":"Wise","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8525","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2418-09.2009","article-title":"Do you feel my pain? Racial group membership modulates empathic neural responses","volume":"29","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02099.x","article-title":"It takes two: The interpersonal nature of empathic accuracy","volume":"19","author":"Zaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol sci"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526590021000353?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526590021000353?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T20:04:16Z","timestamp":1761509056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1526590021000353"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1526590021000353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-5900"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-5900","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gender Biases in Estimation of Others\u2019 Pain","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pain","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of United States Association for the Study of Pain, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}