{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:43:29Z","timestamp":1791229409236,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RM1DA055301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM1DA055301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH3DA051241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3DA051241"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000056","name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NR020610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NR020610"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpain.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T11:34:18Z","timestamp":1692790458000},"page":"176-186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale: Initial Development and Evaluation of 4 and 8 Item Short Forms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Kevin E.","family":"Vowles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Kruger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8978-335X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Ashworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayne","family":"Hickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0765-0551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gail","family":"Sowden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lance M.","family":"McCracken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(83)90009-8","article-title":"Outline of a Fear-Avoidance Model of exaggerated pain perception--I","volume":"21","author":"Lethem","year":"1983","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(83)90010-4","article-title":"The fear-avoidance model of exaggerated pain perception\u2014II","volume":"21","author":"Slade","year":"1983","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2020.103732","article-title":"Memories of 100 years of human fear conditioning research and expectations for its future","volume":"135","author":"Vervliet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/h0069608","article-title":"Conditioned emotional reactions","volume":"3","author":"Watson","year":"1920","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2020.103635","article-title":"Fear in the context of pain: Lessons learned from 100 years of fear conditioning research","volume":"131","author":"Meulders","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.01.001","article-title":"The role of psychosocial processes in the development and maintenance of chronic pain disorders","volume":"17","author":"Edwards","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.10.042","article-title":"Efficacy and effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic pain: Progress and some challenges","volume":"152","author":"Morley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.04.019","article-title":"Reduction of pain-related fear in complex regional pain syndrome type I: The application of graded exposure in vivo","volume":"116","author":"de Jong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20050121","article-title":"Effects of education on return-to-work status for people with fear-avoidance beliefs and acute low back pain","volume":"88","author":"Godges","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00174-6","article-title":"Graded exposure in vivo in the treatment of pain-related fear: A replicated single-case experimental design in four patients with chronic low back pain","volume":"39","author":"Vlaeyen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib11","series-title":"Psychological Approaches to Pain Management: A Practioner\u2019s Handbook","first-page":"210","article-title":"Graded exposure in vivo for pain-related fear","author":"Vlaeyen","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib12","article-title":"New generation psychological treatments in chronic pain","volume":"376","author":"McCracken","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.10.014","article-title":"The psychological flexibility model: A basis for integration and progress in psychological approaches to chronic pain management","volume":"15","author":"McCracken","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90113-P","article-title":"The Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale: Development and validation of a scale to measure fear of pain","volume":"50","author":"McCracken","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib15","series-title":"Chronic Pain Management: Guidelines for Multidisciplinary Program Development","first-page":"203","article-title":"Evaluating outcomes in the interdisciplinary treatment of chronic pain: A guide for practicing clinicians","author":"Vowles","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1155\/2002\/517163","article-title":"A short version of the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS-20): Preliminary development and validity","volume":"7","author":"McCracken","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOBM.0000019850.51400.a6","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS) in chronic pain patients","volume":"27","author":"Roelofs","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib18","series-title":"Psychometric Theory","author":"Nunnally","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-007-9198-0","article-title":"Applying item response theory (IRT) modeling to questionnaire development, evaluation, and refinement","volume":"16","author":"Edelen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"II-28","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200009002-00007","article-title":"Item Response Theory and health outcomes measurement in the 21st century","volume":"38","author":"Hays","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2005.00342.x","article-title":"Item response theory: Fundamentals, applications, and promise in psychological research","volume":"14","author":"Reise","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00109","article-title":"Sample size requirements for estimation of item parameters in the multidimensional graded response model","volume":"7","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib23","first-page":"597","article-title":"Item Response Theory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Complementary approaches for scale development","volume":"18","author":"Bean","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Evid-Based Soc Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib24","series-title":"Clinical Pain Management: Practice and Procedures","first-page":"12","article-title":"Practical methods for pain intensity measurements","author":"Campbell","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib25","series-title":"Handbook of Pain Assessment","first-page":"135","article-title":"Self-report scales and procedures for assessing pain in adults","author":"Jensen","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.95.3f.1241-1247","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the British Columbia Major Depression Inventory","volume":"95","author":"Iverson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib27","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.02.021","article-title":"The role of values in a contextual cognitive-behavioral approach to chronic pain","volume":"123","author":"McCracken","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2017.06.001","article-title":"Further validation of the Chronic Pain Values Inventory in a Swedish chronic pain sample","volume":"6","author":"\u00c5kerblom","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Context Behav Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2008.09.015","article-title":"Acceptance, mindfulness, and values-based action may counteract fear and avoidance of emotions in chronic pain: An analysis of anxiety sensitivity","volume":"10","author":"McCracken","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.10.002","article-title":"Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic pain: Evidence of mediation and clinically significant change following an abbreviated interdisciplinary program of rehabilitation","volume":"15","author":"Vowles","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.76.3.397","article-title":"Acceptance and values-based action in chronic pain: A study of treatment effectiveness and process","volume":"76","author":"Vowles","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2003.10.012","article-title":"Acceptance of chronic pain: Component analysis and a revised assessment method","volume":"107","author":"McCracken","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-012-9278-6","article-title":"Validation of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire-8 in an Australian pain clinic sample","volume":"21","author":"Baranoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.08.012","article-title":"The Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire: Confirmatory factor analysis and identification of patient subgroups","volume":"140","author":"Vowles","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198108000-00001","article-title":"The Sickness Impact Profile: Development and final revision of a health status measure","volume":"19","author":"Bergner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000257","article-title":"Development of a chronic pain specific version of the sickness impact profile","volume":"35","author":"McEntee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000884","article-title":"Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale\u201320: An empirical evaluation of measurement invariance across race\/ethnicity, sex, and pain","volume":"32","author":"Rogers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estimation of latent ability using a response pattern of graded scores","volume":"34","author":"Samejima","year":"1969","journal-title":"Psychom Monogr Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib40","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and environment forstatistical computing. Published online 2018. https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v017.i05","article-title":"ltm: An R package for latent variable modelling and item response theory analyses","volume":"17","author":"Rizopoulos","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3200\/JOER.99.6.323-338","article-title":"Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: A review","volume":"99","author":"Schreiber","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Educ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701301834","article-title":"Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2016.06.004","article-title":"Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: The state of the art and future directions for psychological research","volume":"41","author":"Putnick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Rev DR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000623","article-title":"Factor analysis in psychological assessment research: Common pitfalls and recommendations","volume":"31","author":"Sellbom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.2002.78-95","article-title":"From molecular to molar: A paradigm shift in behavior analysis","volume":"78","author":"Baum","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Behav"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526590023004960?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526590023004960?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T20:11:41Z","timestamp":1761509501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1526590023004960"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1526590023004960"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-5900"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-5900","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale: Initial Development and Evaluation of 4 and 8 Item Short Forms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pain","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of United States Association for the Study of Pain, Inc","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}