{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:29:27Z","timestamp":1790659767990,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpain.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T17:41:24Z","timestamp":1692466884000},"page":"31-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Uptake of the Core Outcome Set for Non-Specific Low Back Pain Clinical Trials is Poor: A Meta-Epidemiological Study of Trial Registrations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4696-6989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiziano","family":"Innocenti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1489-5322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Salvioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8708-7003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Logullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8583-9435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Giagio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7679-7210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond","family":"Ostelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2350-9945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Chiarotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10137","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30480-X","article-title":"What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention","volume":"391","author":"Hartvigsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10267","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32340-0","article-title":"Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Cieza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10070","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30970-9","article-title":"Non-specific low back pain","volume":"389","author":"Maher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2032396","article-title":"Nonspecific low back pain","volume":"386","author":"Chiarotto","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib5","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Low Back Pain and Sciatica in Over 16s: Assessment and Management. Published November 30, 2016. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng59 Accessed April 17, 2023."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq245","article-title":"Low back pain symptoms show a similar pattern of improvement following a wide range of primary care treatments: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials","volume":"49","author":"Artus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.20.2.164","article-title":"Designing a research project: Randomised controlled trials and their principles","volume":"20","author":"Kendall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.11.013","article-title":"Developing core outcome measurement sets for clinical trials: OMERACT filter 2.0","volume":"67","author":"Boers","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain","volume":"9","author":"Hayden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h444","article-title":"Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for chronic low back pain: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"350","author":"Kamper","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-8-39","article-title":"Standardising outcomes for clinical trials and systematic reviews","volume":"8","author":"Clarke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-010-0371-z","article-title":"Selective outcome reporting: Telling and detecting true lies. The state of the science","volume":"5","author":"Macura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-13-132","article-title":"Developing core outcome sets for clinical trials: Issues to consider","volume":"13","author":"Williamson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199809150-00018","article-title":"Outcome measures for low back pain research. A proposal for standardized use","volume":"23","author":"Deyo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-3892-3","article-title":"Core outcome domains for clinical trials in non-specific low back pain","volume":"24","author":"Chiarotto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001117","article-title":"Core outcome measurement instruments for clinical trials in nonspecific low back pain","volume":"159","author":"Chiarotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j2262","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2262","article-title":"A methodological approach for assessing the uptake of core outcome sets using ClinicalTrials.gov: Findings from a review of randomised controlled trials of rheumatoid arthritis","author":"Kirkham","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000563","article-title":"Evaluation of smartphone pelvic floor exercise applications using standardized scoring system","volume":"25","author":"Barnes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.181066","article-title":"Uptake of the OMERACT-OARSi hip and knee osteoarthritis core outcome set: Review of randomized controlled trials from 1997 to 2017","volume":"46","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz018","article-title":"The uptake of the hip fracture core outcome set: Analysis of 20 years of hip fracture trials","volume":"48","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib21","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022)","article-title":"Chapter 4: Searching for and selecting studies","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmed-2017-110713","article-title":"Guidelines for reporting meta-epidemiological methodology research","volume":"22","author":"Murad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evid Based Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102013440508","article-title":"Low back pain","volume":"344","author":"Deyo","year":"2001","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7555","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7555.1430","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain","volume":"332","author":"Koes","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2016.09.014","article-title":"Outcome assessment in total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and critical appraisal","volume":"32","author":"Lange","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.180985","article-title":"Outcome domains, outcome measures, and characteristics of randomized controlled trials testing nonsurgical interventions for osteoarthritis","volume":"47","author":"Krsticevic","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.09.029","article-title":"A systematic review finds Core Outcome Set uptake varies widely across different areas of health","volume":"129","author":"Hughes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib29","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for industry: clinical development programs for drugs, devices, and biological products for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Published February, 2019. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/Guidances\/ucm071579.pdf Accessed April 3, 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib30","unstructured":"European Medicine Agency. Guideline on clinical investigation of medicinal products other than NSAIDs for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Published March 20, 2015. http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/Scientific_guideline\/2015\/06\/WC500187583.pdf Accessed April 3, 2022."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-035445","article-title":"Health-related quality of life and its determinants in patients with chronic low back pain at a tertiary hospital in Cameroon: A cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Aminde","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib32","article-title":"Assessment of health-related quality of life and patient's knowledge in chronic non-specific low back pain","volume":"21","author":"Jaromi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-664","article-title":"Is health related quality of life (HRQoL) a valid indicator for health systems evaluation?","volume":"2","author":"Romero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib34","article-title":"Yoga for chronic non-specific low back pain","volume":"11","author":"Wieland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.07.009","article-title":"Measurement properties of visual analogue scale, numeric rating scale, and pain severity subscale of the brief pain inventory in patients with low back pain: A systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Chiarotto","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-022-01763-x","article-title":"Rescaling pain intensity measures for meta-analyses of analgesic medicines for low back pain appears justified: An empirical examination from randomised trials","volume":"22","author":"Wewege","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c365","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c365","article-title":"The impact of outcome reporting bias in randomised controlled trials on a cohort of systematic reviews","author":"Kirkham","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-21","article-title":"Can a core outcome set improve the quality of systematic reviews?\u2014A survey of the co-ordinating editors of Cochrane review groups","volume":"14","author":"Kirkham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib39","article-title":"Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for chronic low back pain","author":"Kamper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.05.006","article-title":"Evidence on the measurement properties of health-related quality of life instruments is largely missing in patients with low back pain: A systematic review","volume":"102","author":"Chiarotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-135-11-200112040-00010","article-title":"Reported methodologic quality and discrepancies between large and small randomized trials in meta-analyses","volume":"135","author":"Kjaergard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2022.06.016","article-title":"Review finds core outcome set uptake in new studies and systematic reviews needs improvement","volume":"150","author":"Williamson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.10.012","article-title":"Use of core outcome sets was low in clinical trials published in major medical journals","volume":"142","author":"Matvienko-Sikar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.12.004","article-title":"In-depth qualitative interviews identified barriers and facilitators that influenced chief investigators' use of core outcome sets in randomised controlled trials","volume":"144","author":"Hughes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05891-5","article-title":"A survey of knowledge, perceptions and use of core outcome sets among clinical trialists","volume":"22","author":"Bellucci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222418","article-title":"Assessing the impact of a research funder's recommendation to consider core outcome sets","volume":"14","author":"Hughes","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib47","unstructured":"NHS Health Research Authority. Outcome measures. Published February 13, 2019. https:\/\/www.hra.nhs.uk\/planning-and-improving-research\/best-practice\/outcome-measures Accessed 9 July, 2023."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2022.100450","article-title":"Adherence to the PRISMA statement and its association with risk of bias in systematic reviews published in rehabilitation journals: A meta-research study","volume":"26","author":"Innocenti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Braz J Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.01.156","article-title":"The completeness of reporting is suboptimal in randomized controlled trials published in rehabilitation journals, with trials with low risk of bias displaying better reporting: A meta-research study","author":"Innocenti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526590023005102?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526590023005102?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T20:12:45Z","timestamp":1761509565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1526590023005102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1526590023005102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-5900"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-5900","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Uptake of the Core Outcome Set for Non-Specific Low Back Pain Clinical Trials is Poor: A Meta-Epidemiological Study of Trial Registrations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pain","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.08.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of United States Association for the Study of Pain, Inc","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}