{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T20:13:35Z","timestamp":1792700015921,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006425","name":"National Football League Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpain.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T14:51:28Z","timestamp":1716475888000},"page":"104577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Longitudinal Characterization of Pain Interference and Influential Factors in Former National Football League (NFL) Players Over a 19-Year Period: An NFL-LONG Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sean G.","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebekah","family":"Mannix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary Yukio","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Landon B.","family":"Lempke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avinash","family":"Chandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel R.","family":"Walton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.D.","family":"DeFreese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruben J.","family":"Echemendia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Guskiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"McCrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William P.","family":"Meehan III","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin L.","family":"Brett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200838060-00002","article-title":"Use of prescription drugs in athletes","volume":"38","author":"Alaranta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.12.003","article-title":"Injury, pain, and prescription opioid use among former National Football League (NFL) players","volume":"116","author":"Cottler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib3","series-title":"National Football League Player Care Foundation Study of Retired NFL Players","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Weir","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmx034","article-title":"Adverse impacts of chronic pain on health-related quality of life, work productivity, depression and anxiety in a community-based study","volume":"34","author":"Kawai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31802fa679","article-title":"Depression and pain in retired professional football players","volume":"39","author":"Schwenk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-3801(03)00064-8","article-title":"The course of non-malignant chronic pain: a 12-year follow-up of a cohort from the general population","volume":"8","author":"Andersson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1450","article-title":"Pain over the adult life course: 15\u2013year pain trajectories\u2014the Doetinchem Cohort Study","volume":"23","author":"Picavet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671231177633","article-title":"Association of injury rates among players in the National Football League with playoff qualification, travel distance, game timing, and the addition of another game: data from the 2017 to 2022 seasons","volume":"11","author":"Angileri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20298","article-title":"A longitudinal study to explain the pain-depression link in older adults with osteoarthritis","volume":"63","author":"Hawker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-52.2.03","article-title":"Osteoarthritis prevalence in retired National Football League players with a history of concussion and lower extremity injury","volume":"52","author":"Lynall","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.6.5.638","article-title":"Early-onset arthritis in retired National Football League players","volume":"6","author":"Golightly","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S38878","article-title":"Systematic review of persistent pain and psychological outcomes following traumatic musculoskeletal injury","volume":"6","author":"Rosenbloom","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-421-18","article-title":"Osteoarthritis prevalence in retired National Football League players with a history of ankle injuries and surgery","volume":"54","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199706000-00006","article-title":"Chronic pain-associated depression: antecedent or consequence of chronic pain? a review","volume":"13","author":"Fishbain","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324244","article-title":"Distinct latent profiles based on neurobehavioural, physical and psychosocial functioning of former National Football League (NFL) players: an NFL-LONG Study","volume":"92","author":"Brett","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-326602","article-title":"Longitudinal trajectory of depression symptom severity and the influence of concussion history and physical function over a 19-year period among former National Football League (NFL) players: an NFL-LONG Study","volume":"93","author":"Brett","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e3180383da5","article-title":"Recurrent concussion and risk of depression in retired professional football players","volume":"39","author":"Guskiewicz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","article-title":"The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection","volume":"30","author":"Ware","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035768","article-title":"Establishing a common metric for depressive symptoms: linking the BDI-II, CES-D, and PHQ-9 to PROMIS depression","volume":"26","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-015-3360-0","article-title":"Establishing a common metric for physical function: linking the HAQ-DI and SF-36 PF subscale to PROMIS(\u00ae) physical function","volume":"30","author":"Schalet","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model: Multidiscipl J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001121","article-title":"Estimating minimally important differences for the PROMIS\u00ae Pain Interference Scales: results from three randomized clinical trials","volume":"159","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.04.017","article-title":"The prevalence of pain and pain interference in a general population of older adults: cross-sectional findings from the North Staffordshire Osteoarthritis Project (NorStOP)","volume":"110","author":"Thomas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2017.02.007","article-title":"A longitudinal exploration of pain tolerance and participation in contact sports","volume":"16","author":"Thornton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6609e1","article-title":"Vital signs: prevalence of doctor-diagnosed arthritis and arthritis-attributable activity limitation - United States, 2013-2015","volume":"66","author":"Barbour","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2828","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092828","article-title":"Pain trajectories in knee osteoarthritis-a systematic review and best evidence synthesis on pain predictors","volume":"9","author":"Previtali","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.03.009","article-title":"Trajectories and risk profiles of pain in persons with radiographic, symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative","volume":"22","author":"Collins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967115583653","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries and concussions in the National Football League, 2012-2014","volume":"3","author":"Lawrence","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0437.22","article-title":"Joint injury, osteoarthritis, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in former national football league athletes: an NFL-LONG study","volume":"58","author":"Kuenze","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.20.2433","article-title":"Depression and pain comorbidity: a literature review","volume":"163","author":"Bair","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000171862.17301.84","article-title":"Individual differences in endogenous pain modulation as a risk factor for chronic pain","volume":"65","author":"Edwards","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.01.474","article-title":"Pain sensitivity in patients with major depression: differential effect of pain sensitivity measures, somatic cofactors, and disease characteristics","volume":"17","author":"Hermesdorf","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06357-2","article-title":"Short and long-term predictors of pain severity and interference in primary care patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and depression","volume":"24","author":"Rambla","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5812","article-title":"The pain and depressive symptoms cascade: a bidirectional analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study 2012-2015","volume":"37","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21602","article-title":"Longitudinal study of the bidirectional association between pain and depressive symptoms in patients with psoriatic arthritis","volume":"64","author":"Husted","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1353\/jsh.1999.0017","article-title":"The African American experience in professional football","volume":"33","author":"Lomax","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Soc History"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-017-9891-6","article-title":"Bidirectional mediation of depression and pain intensity on their associations with upper extremity physical function","volume":"41","author":"Talaei-Khoei","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Behav Med"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526590024005121?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526590024005121?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T20:49:49Z","timestamp":1762548589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1526590024005121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1526590024005121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-5900"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-5900","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Longitudinal Characterization of Pain Interference and Influential Factors in Former National Football League (NFL) Players Over a 19-Year Period: An NFL-LONG Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pain","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104577","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 \u00a9 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of United States Association for the Study of Pain, Inc","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104577"}}