{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T17:35:59Z","timestamp":1778002559642,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1 TR002555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1 TR002555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 DA052729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 DA052729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpain.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T10:08:34Z","timestamp":1736071714000},"page":"104776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ecological momentary assessment of cigarette smoking behavior and pain intensity among individuals with chronic back pain who smoke"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4103-9641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana","family":"Rubenstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3193-2452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis J.","family":"Keefe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. Joseph","family":"McClernon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5085-3752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maggie M.","family":"Sweitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib1","first-page":"379","article-title":"Chronic pain among adults - United States, 2019-2021","volume":"72","author":"Rikard","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Morbidity and Mortality\u00a0Weekly\u00a0Report"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib2","first-page":"475","article-title":"Tobacco product use among adults - United States, 2021","volume":"72","author":"Cornelius","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Morbidity and Mortality\u00a0Weekly\u00a0Report"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12971-015-0042-y","article-title":"Prevalence of smoking in adults with chronic pain","volume":"13","author":"Orhurhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tobacco Induced Diseases"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib4","first-page":"3675","article-title":"Opioid use following total hip arthroplasty: trends and risk factors for prolonged use","volume":"32","author":"Bedard","year":"2017","journal-title":"The\u00a0Journal\u00a0of\u00a0Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1D580","article-title":"Postoperative opiate analgesia requirements of smokers and nonsmokers","volume":"38","author":"Creekmore","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annals of\u00a0Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx094","article-title":"Smoking, pain intensity, and opioid consumption 1-3 months after major surgery: a retrospective study in a hospital-based transitional pain service","volume":"20","author":"Montbriand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002308","article-title":"Probability of opioid prescription refilling after surgery: does initial prescription dose matter?","volume":"268","author":"Sekhri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Surgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025544","article-title":"Pain, nicotine, and smoking: research findings and mechanistic considerations","volume":"137","author":"Ditre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib9","first-page":"503","article-title":"A reciprocal model of pain and substance use: transdiagnostic considerations, clinical implications, and future directions","volume":"15","author":"Ditre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annual Review\u00a0of\u00a0Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib10","first-page":"205","article-title":"Ecological momentary assessment of smoking behavior in persistent pain patients","volume":"30","author":"Dhingra","year":"2014","journal-title":"The\u00a0Clinical Journal\u00a0of\u00a0Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019568","article-title":"Effects of expectancies and coping on pain-induced motivation to smoke","volume":"119","author":"Ditre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.05.007","article-title":"The role of pain intensity and smoking expectancies on smoking urge and behavior following experimental pain induction","volume":"164","author":"Parkerson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug\u00a0and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000532","article-title":"Pain characteristics and nicotine deprivation as predictors of performance during a laboratory paradigm of smoking cessation","volume":"34","author":"Powers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2016.1256347","article-title":"A measure of perceived pain and tobacco smoking interrelations: pilot validation of the pain and smoking inventory","volume":"46","author":"Ditre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000258","article-title":"Pack-years of tobacco cigarette smoking as a predictor of spontaneous pain reporting and experimental pain reactivity","volume":"27","author":"De Vita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Experimental and\u00a0Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib16","article-title":"The association between smoking and low back pain: a meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Shiri","year":"2010","journal-title":"The\u00a0American Journal\u00a0of\u00a0Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib17","first-page":"404","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between pain and use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes in the population assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) study","volume":"25","author":"Powers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nicotine\u00a0&\u00a0Tobacco Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib18","article-title":"Bidirectional relationships between pain and patterns of cannabis and tobacco use in a US nationally representative sample","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000572","article-title":"Acute analgesic effects of nicotine and tobacco in humans: a meta-analysis","volume":"157","author":"Ditre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-023-03475-7","article-title":"Analgesic potential of transdermal nicotine patch in surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials","volume":"79","author":"da Silva Barbirato","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03751.x","article-title":"Mu-opioid receptors are involved in the tolerance to nicotine antinociception","volume":"97","author":"Galeote","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of\u00a0Neurochemistry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib22","first-page":"671","article-title":"Consensus statement on smoking cessation in patients with pain","volume":"36","author":"Iida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of\u00a0Anesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.117.2.467","article-title":"Pain as a motivator of smoking: effects of pain induction on smoking urge and behavior","volume":"117","author":"Ditre","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ecological momentary assessment","volume":"4","author":"Shiffman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annual Review\u00a0of\u00a0Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib25","first-page":"699","article-title":"Ecological momentary assessment methodology in chronic pain research: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"May","year":"2018","journal-title":"The\u00a0Journal\u00a0of\u00a0Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/11398","article-title":"What affects the completion of ecological momentary assessments in chronic pain research? an individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Ono","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.09.012","article-title":"Core outcome measures for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations","volume":"113","author":"Dworkin","year":"2005","journal-title":"PAIN"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib28","first-page":"1449","article-title":"The association of pain with smoking and quit attempts in an electronic diary study of cancer patients trying to quit","volume":"18","author":"Aigner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine\u00a0&\u00a0Tobacco Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000595","article-title":"Identifying mechanisms that link pain to smoking relapse during a quit attempt","volume":"35","author":"Alexander","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib30","first-page":"543","article-title":"Pain severity as a predictor of negative affect following a self-guided quit attempt: an ecological momentary assessment study","volume":"44","author":"Paulus","year":"2018","journal-title":"The\u00a0American Journal\u00a0of\u00a0Drug\u00a0and\u00a0Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000195","article-title":"Statistical power in two-level models: a tutorial based on Monte Carlo simulation","volume":"24","author":"Arend","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026733","article-title":"Compliance to a cell phone-based ecological momentary assessment study: the effect of time and personality characteristics","volume":"24","author":"Courvoisier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0001332","article-title":"Compliance and response consistency in a lengthy intensive longitudinal data protocol","volume":"36","author":"Sokolovsky","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib34","year":"2022"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003214","article-title":"Statistical modeling of acute and chronic pain patient-reported outcomes obtained from ecological momentary assessment","volume":"165","author":"Leroux","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000353","article-title":"Nicotine deprivation increases pain intensity, neurogenic inflammation, and mechanical hyperalgesia among daily tobacco smokers","volume":"127","author":"Ditre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2021.108515","article-title":"Nicotine withdrawal induces hyperalgesia via downregulation of descending serotonergic pathway in the nucleus raphe magnus","volume":"189","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.24193\/jebp.2018.2.19","article-title":"Benefits of cognitive restructuring, acceptance and distraction for pain intensity and pain tolerance","volume":"18","author":"Georgescu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib39","series-title":"Handbook of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Overview and Approaches, Vol. 1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Cognitive restructuring","author":"Purdon","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104188","article-title":"Effectiveness of two video-based multicomponent treatments for fibromyalgia: the added value of cognitive restructuring and mindfulness in a three-arm randomised controlled trial","volume":"158","author":"Serrat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000801","article-title":"Cognitive therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and behavior therapy for people with chronic low back pain: a comparative mechanisms study","volume":"91","author":"Burns","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib42","series-title":"Behavioral Methods for Chronic Pain and Illness","author":"Fordyce","year":"1976"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib43","first-page":"CD002014","article-title":"Behavioural treatment for chronic low-back pain","volume":"2010","author":"Henschke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic\u00a0Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.10.045","article-title":"The effects of depression and smoking on pain severity and opioid use in patients with chronic pain","volume":"152","author":"Hooten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"19-20","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-021-01931-x","article-title":"I smoke to cope with pain: patients\u2019 perspectives on the link between cigarette smoking and pain","volume":"133","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wiener klinische\u00a0Wochenschrift"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2022.100252","article-title":"Race\/ethnicity reporting and representation in US clinical trials: a cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Turner","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet Regional Health \u2013 Americas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2023.107814","article-title":"Pain is associated with exclusive use and co-use of tobacco and cannabis: findings from Wave 5 (2018-2019) of the population assessment of tobacco and health study","volume":"146","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526590025000021?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526590025000021?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T07:10:07Z","timestamp":1777273807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1526590025000021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S1526590025000021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-5900"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-5900","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ecological momentary assessment of cigarette smoking behavior and pain intensity among individuals with chronic back pain who smoke","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pain","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.104776","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 \u00a9 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of United States Association for the Study of Pain, Inc","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104776"}}