{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T09:28:09Z","timestamp":1793525289422,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TBM2021-T000521 N-54252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TBM2021-T000521 N-54252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11N8923N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11N8923N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004418","name":"VUB University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpain.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T06:49:52Z","timestamp":1757573392000},"page":"105555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Understanding the complex relationship between sleep and pain symptoms in people with chronic musculoskeletal pain \u2013 A pre-registered network analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9409-2070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nils","family":"Runge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3988-0119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zosia","family":"Goossens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1370-2090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liesbet","family":"De Baets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Labie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6648-0831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurore","family":"Roland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2592-494X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Verschueren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7255-0106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dieter","family":"Van Assche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0598-7038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anneleen","family":"Malfliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"De Pourcq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1731-0251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tessa","family":"Blanken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiko I.","family":"Fried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8428-1185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Mairesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2024.102013","article-title":"Day-to-day associations between pain intensity and sleep outcomes in an adult chronic musculoskeletal pain population: a systematic review","volume":"79","author":"Goossens","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003279","article-title":"The bidirectional relationship between sleep problems and chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"165","author":"Runge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2951","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead190","article-title":"The bidirectional association between chronic musculoskeletal pain and sleep-related problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3836","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10173836","article-title":"The association between sleep and chronic spinal pain: a systematic review from the last decade","volume":"10","author":"Van Looveren","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2023.101793","article-title":"The interplay between symptoms of insomnia and pain in people with osteoarthritis: a narrative review of the current evidence","volume":"70","author":"De Baets","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0439-z","article-title":"Sleep deficiency and chronic pain: potential underlying mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"45","author":"Haack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2024.07.031","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in people with chronic musculoskeletal pain. a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"122","author":"Salazar-M\u00e9ndez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2021.101460","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in patients with chronic pain \u2013 A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"60","author":"Selvanathan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2017.08.001","article-title":"Effects of sleep changes on pain-related health outcomes in the general population: a systematic review of longitudinal studies with exploratory meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Afolalu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa473","article-title":"A network analysis of clinical variables in chronic pain: a study from the swedish quality registry for pain rehabilitation (SQRP)","volume":"22","author":"\u00c5kerblom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13051452","article-title":"The role of anxiety and depression in shaping the sleep-pain connection in patients with nonspecific chronic spinal pain and comorbid insomnia: a cross-sectional analysis","volume":"13","author":"Goossens","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000697","article-title":"Sleep and pain: a systematic review of studies of mediation","volume":"35","author":"Whibley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Network analysis of multivariate data in psychological science","volume":"1","author":"Borsboom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Methods Prim"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1","article-title":"Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: a tutorial paper","volume":"50","author":"Epskamp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2018.1454823","article-title":"The Gaussian graphical model in cross-sectional and time-series data","volume":"53","author":"Epskamp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000476","article-title":"Comparing network structures on three aspects: a permutation test","volume":"28","author":"van Borkulo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2007.11.005","article-title":"Number of pain sites is associated with demographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors in the general population","volume":"12","author":"Kamaleri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2024.2372381","article-title":"Association between widespread pain and psychosocial factors in people with knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study of patients from primary care in Denmark","volume":"41","author":"Peral P\u00e9rez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2005.12.003","article-title":"Biopsychosocial profiles of different pain diagnostic groups","volume":"7","author":"Porter-Moffitt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3359","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716002300","article-title":"Network analysis of depression and anxiety symptom relationships in a psychiatric sample","volume":"46","author":"Beard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnad148","article-title":"A network analysis of pain intensity and pain-related measures of physical, emotional, and social functioning in US military service members with chronic pain","volume":"25","author":"Wi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000471","article-title":"Reporting standards for psychological network analyses in cross-sectional data","volume":"28","author":"Burger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"issue":"9596","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.1009","article-title":"Use and performance of the STOP-Bang questionnaire for obstructive sleep apnea screening across geographic regions: a systematic review and meta-Analysis","volume":"4","author":"Pivetta","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012","article-title":"2016 Revisions to the 2010\/2011 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria","volume":"46","author":"Wolfe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib26","unstructured":"Administration SA and MHS. Table 3.36, DSM-IV to DSM-5 Insomnia Disorder Comparison. June 2016. Accessed April 14, 2025. \u3008https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519704\/table\/ch3.t36\/\u3009."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14035","article-title":"The European Insomnia Guideline: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023","volume":"32","author":"Riemann","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws412","article-title":"The Table 2 fallacy: presenting and interpreting confounder and modifier coefficients","volume":"177","author":"Westreich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-023-01545-8","article-title":"Lost without a cause: time to embrace causal thinking using Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs)","volume":"20","author":"Van Cauwenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000446","article-title":"What do centrality measures measure in psychological networks?","volume":"128","author":"Bringmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v093.i08","article-title":"Mgm: estimating time-varying mixed graphical models in high-dimensional data","volume":"93","author":"Haslbeck","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib32","unstructured":"Jones P.. Networktools: tools for identifying important nodes in networks. Published online February 25, 2025. Accessed April 16, 2025. \u3008https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/networktools\/index.html\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i04","article-title":"qgraph: Network Visualizations of Relationships in Psychometric Data","volume":"48","author":"Epskamp","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib34","unstructured":"Constantin M. Sample size recommendations for estimating cross-sectional network models. Published online July 12, 2018. Accessed April 16, 2025. doi:10.17605\/OSF.IO\/6Z7TN."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000797","article-title":"The complex interplay of pain, depression, and anxiety symptoms in patients with chronic pain: a network approach","volume":"36","author":"G\u00f3mez Penedo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.11.052","article-title":"Insomnia in chronic disabling musculoskeletal pain disorders is independent of pain and depression","volume":"14","author":"Asih","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000711","article-title":"Associations between sleep disturbance and chronic pain intensity and function: a test of direct and indirect pathways","volume":"35","author":"Burgess","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163132","article-title":"Factors associated with higher reported pain levels in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a cross-sectional, correlational analysis","volume":"11","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000543","article-title":"Social support is inversely associated with sleep disturbance, inflammation, and pain severity in chronic low back pain","volume":"70","author":"Saravanan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2022.2080130","article-title":"The biopsychosocial model is lost in translation: from misrepresentation to an enactive modernization","volume":"39","author":"Cormack","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-025-01723-w","article-title":"Experience sampling method studies in physical activity research: the relevance of causal reasoning","volume":"22","author":"Poppe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002901","article-title":"Relationship, differences, and agreement between objective and subjective sleep measures in chronic spinal pain patients with comorbid insomnia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"164","author":"Bilterys","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.01.002","article-title":"Paradoxical insomnia and subjective-objective sleep discrepancy: a review","volume":"40","author":"Rezaie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.7741","article-title":"Causal inference about the effects of interventions from observational studies in medical journals","volume":"331","author":"Dahabreh","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.8107","article-title":"What does the proposed causal inference framework for observational studies mean for JAMA and the JAMA network journals?","volume":"331","author":"Flanagin","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.09.005","article-title":"Insomnia with objective short sleep duration: the most biologically severe phenotype of the disorder","volume":"17","author":"Vgontzas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2021.101519","article-title":"Bi-directional relationships between co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA)","volume":"60","author":"Sweetman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2019-0054","article-title":"Revised chronic widespread pain criteria: development from and integration with fibromyalgia criteria","volume":"20","author":"Wolfe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand J Pain"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526590025007825?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526590025007825?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T08:33:53Z","timestamp":1793522033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1526590025007825"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S1526590025007825"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-5900"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-5900","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Understanding the complex relationship between sleep and pain symptoms in people with chronic musculoskeletal pain \u2013 A pre-registered network analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pain","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2025.105555","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 United States Association for the Study of Pain, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105555"}}