{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T23:55:22Z","timestamp":1781654122939,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpain.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T15:30:23Z","timestamp":1776871823000},"page":"106298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sex-specific effects of chronic electrical acustimulation and sacral nerve stimulation in a rodent model of irritable bowel syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5579-929X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Jahangir","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaijie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8992-2844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiande","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.0954","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome: a clinical review","volume":"313","author":"Chey","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30023-1","article-title":"Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Holtmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2010.4","article-title":"Pathogenesis of IBS: role of inflammation, immunity and neuroimmune interactions","volume":"7","author":"Ohman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.03.035","article-title":"Rome IV-functional GI disorders: disorders of gut-brain interaction","volume":"150","author":"Drossman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00285-8","article-title":"Hypersensitivity to visceral and cutaneous pain in the irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"93","author":"Verne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.83","article-title":"New insights into visceral hypersensitivity--clinical implications in IBS","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib7","article-title":"Electrophysiology as a tool to decipher the network mechanism of visceral pain in functional gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"13","author":"Alam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagn (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01447.x","article-title":"Review article: visceral hypersensitivity","volume":"17","author":"Mertz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aliment Pharm Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01845-w","article-title":"Pathology of pain and its implications for therapeutic interventions","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06148-y","article-title":"Neural circuits regulating visceral pain","volume":"7","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S174982","article-title":"The role of inflammation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)","volume":"11","author":"Ng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-01972-w","article-title":"The neurobiology of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Mayer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.027","article-title":"Biopsychosocial aspects of functional gastrointestinal disorders","author":"Van Oudenhove","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001266","article-title":"Antispasmodics for chronic abdominal pain: analysis of North American treatment options","volume":"116","author":"Brenner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib15","article-title":"Bowel disorders","author":"Mearin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm18082","article-title":"Sex-gender differences in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30217-X","article-title":"Global prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome according to Rome III or IV criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Oka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04409.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis: do irritable bowel syndrome symptoms vary between men and women?","volume":"32","author":"Adeyemo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aliment Pharm Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.36603","article-title":"Gender differences in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"123","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800403005001006","article-title":"Impact of sex and gender on irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Heitkemper","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Res Nurs"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i10.2433","article-title":"Sex hormones in the modulation of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Mulak","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.08.029","article-title":"Psychosocial risk markers for new onset irritable bowel syndrome--results of a large prospective population-based study","volume":"137","author":"Nicholl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2013.03.004","article-title":"Which psychological factors exacerbate irritable bowel syndrome? Development of a comprehensive model","volume":"74","author":"van Tilburg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001882","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical acustimulation improves irritable bowel syndrome with constipation by accelerating colon transit and reducing rectal sensation using autonomic mechanisms","volume":"117","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib25","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Patients With Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Single-Center, Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.150052","article-title":"Ameliorating effects and mechanisms of transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation on abdominal pain and constipation","volume":"6","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2023.2288156","article-title":"Noninvasive electrical neuromodulation for gastrointestinal motility disorders","volume":"17","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2021.10.009","article-title":"Transcutaneous Electrical Acustimulation Improved the Quality of Life in Patients With Diarrhea-Irritable Bowel Syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00156.2023","article-title":"Electroacupuncture in the treatment of IBS in rats: investigation of the mechanisms of CRH(+) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus","volume":"130","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13570","article-title":"Sacral nerve modulation for irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study","volume":"31","author":"Fassov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.08.010","article-title":"Chronic Sacral Nerve Stimulation Inhibits Visceral Hypersensitivity in Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats Model","volume":"27","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s42234-024-00158-1","article-title":"Comparisons of different electrical stimulation modalities for treating visceral pain in a rodent model of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Alam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioelectron Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.19576","article-title":"A new model of chronic visceral hypersensitivity in adult rats induced by colon irritation during postnatal development","volume":"119","author":"Al-Chaer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.392","article-title":"Assessment of colon sensitivity by luminal distension in mice","volume":"2","author":"Christianson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13154","article-title":"Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Gastric Hypersensitivity via Adrenergic Pathway in a Rat Model of Functional Dyspepsia","volume":"23","author":"Ouyang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G775","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00155.2012","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome: methods, mechanisms, and pathophysiology. The confluence of increased permeability, inflammation, and pain in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"303","author":"Camilleri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.121","article-title":"Towards a systems view of IBS","volume":"12","author":"Mayer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1038945","article-title":"The autonomic nervous system: A potential link to the efficacy of acupuncture","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2012.01921.x","article-title":"Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease","volume":"24","author":"Camilleri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000827","article-title":"Evidence of Duodenal Epithelial Barrier Impairment and Increased Pyroptosis in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia on Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy and \"Ex Vivo\" Mucosa Analysis","volume":"115","author":"Nojkov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0126-x","article-title":"Mechanisms regulating intestinal barrier integrity and its pathological implications","volume":"50","author":"Chelakkot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl.2012.6.3.305","article-title":"Santos J. Cellular and molecular basis of intestinal barrier dysfunction in the irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Martinez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00049","article-title":"The Vagus Nerve at the Interface of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis","volume":"12","author":"Bonaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002568","article-title":"Parasympathetic control of gastrointestinal motility and cross-branch actions of parasympathetic neuromodulation","volume":"136","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000331","article-title":"Improvement of Refractory Ulcerative Proctitis With Sacral Nerve Stimulation","volume":"49","author":"Bregeon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.582324","article-title":"Specific Frequency Electroacupuncture Stimulation Transiently Enhances the Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Induces Tight Junction Changes","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.140806","article-title":"Impaired intestinal barrier integrity in the colon of patients with irritable bowel syndrome: involvement of soluble mediators","volume":"58","author":"Piche","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R209","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00301.2010","article-title":"Effects and possible mechanisms of acupuncture at ST36 on upper and lower abdominal symptoms induced by rectal distension in healthy volunteers","volume":"303","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100506","article-title":"Gastrointestinal satiety signals","volume":"70","author":"Chaudhri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735407305892","article-title":"The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture","volume":"6","author":"Kavoussi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Integr Cancer Ther"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153429","article-title":"Neurotransmitter dysfunction in irritable bowel syndrome: emerging approaches for management","volume":"10","author":"Gros","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2020.04.015","article-title":"Norepinephrine has dual effects on human colonic contractions through distinct subtypes of alpha 1 adrenoceptors","volume":"10","author":"Kurahashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1069965","article-title":"Electroacupuncture activated local sympathetic noradrenergic signaling to relieve synovitis and referred pain behaviors in knee osteoarthritis rats","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S141198","article-title":"Electroacupuncture therapy in inflammation regulation: current perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R106","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00256.2019","article-title":"Effects of electroacupuncture on stress-induced gastric dysrhythmia and mechanisms involving autonomic and central nervous systems in functional dyspepsia","volume":"319","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"6785","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/35013070","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin","volume":"405","author":"Borovikova","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6917","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01321","article-title":"The inflammatory reflex","volume":"420","author":"Tracey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.08.028","article-title":"Evidence for alterations in central noradrenergic signaling in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"63","author":"Berman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198707000-00006","article-title":"Do plasma norepinephrine levels reflect behavioral stress?","volume":"49","author":"Dimsdale","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3109\/10253899709014742","article-title":"Regulation of peripheral catecholamine responses to acute stress in young adult and aged F-344 rats","volume":"2","author":"McCarty","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2015.tb00599.x","article-title":"Peripheral and central effects of circulating catecholamines","volume":"5","author":"Tank","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707264","article-title":"The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor as a pharmacological target for inflammation","volume":"151","author":"de Jonge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01085","article-title":"Expression and function of the cholinergic system in immune cells","volume":"8","author":"Fujii","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4477","article-title":"Neural regulation of immunity: molecular mechanisms and clinical translation","volume":"20","author":"Pavlov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2017.10.006","article-title":"Nerve stimulation: immunomodulation and control of inflammation","volume":"23","author":"Ulloa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01102","article-title":"Distinct roles of alpha7 nAChRs in antigen-presenting cells and CD4(+) T cells in the regulation of T cell differentiation","volume":"10","author":"Mashimo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526590026001161?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526590026001161?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T23:25:05Z","timestamp":1781652305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1526590026001161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["S1526590026001161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-5900"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-5900","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sex-specific effects of chronic electrical acustimulation and sacral nerve stimulation in a rodent model of irritable bowel syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pain","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106298","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 \u00a9 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of United States Association for the Study of Pain, Inc All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106298"}}