{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T09:29:20Z","timestamp":1793698160420,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpain.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T23:28:19Z","timestamp":1783726099000},"page":"106373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Skin-to-skin contact for painful procedures in younger preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4645-8634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estreya","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9220-4418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haleh","family":"Hashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1713-9127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nichaela","family":"Garvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3376-3015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibhuti","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Pillai Riddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib1","unstructured":"Born Too Soon: The Global Action Report on Preterm Birth. World Health Organization. November 30, 2012. Accessed June 2, 2025. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/97892415034."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.757","article-title":"Epidemiology of painful procedures performed in neonates: A systematic review of observational studies","volume":"20","author":"Cruz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00051","article-title":"Hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus volumes in very preterm children at 8 Years: Neonatal Pain and Genetic Variation","volume":"13","author":"Chau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0867-17.2017","article-title":"Early procedural pain is associated with regionally-specific alterations in thalamic development in preterm neonates","volume":"38","author":"Duerden","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.055","article-title":"Neonatal pain and infection relate to smaller cerebellum in very preterm children at school age","volume":"167","author":"Ranger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001123","article-title":"Procedural pain and oral glucose in preterm neonates: brain development and sex-specific effects","volume":"159","author":"Schneider","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.568755","article-title":"Psychosocial and Neurobiological Vulnerabilities of the Hospitalized Preterm Infant and Relevant Non-pharmacological Pain Mitigation Strategies","volume":"9","author":"Shiff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.02.012","article-title":"Influence of repeated painful procedures and sucrose analgesia on the development of hyperalgesia in newborn infants","volume":"144","author":"Taddio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib9","article-title":"Attachment","volume":"1","author":"Bowlby","year":"1969"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1982.tb01456.x","article-title":"Attachment and loss: retrospect and prospect","volume":"52","author":"Bowlby","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnston C., Campbell-Yeo M., Disher T., et al. Skin-to-skin care for procedural pain in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2(2):CD008435. Published 2017 Feb 16. doi:10.1002\/14651858.CD008435.pub3.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008435.pub3"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2006.02.007","article-title":"Long-term consequences of pain in human neonates","volume":"11","author":"Grunau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2018.01.004","article-title":"Benefits of skin-to-skin contact during the neonatal period: Governed by epigenetic mechanisms?","volume":"5","author":"Almgren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0213","article-title":"Effect of skin barrier therapy on neonatal mortality rates in preterm infants in Bangladesh: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial","volume":"121","author":"Darmstadt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2011.0004","article-title":"Clinician perspectives on barriers to and opportunities for skin-to-skin contact for premature infants in neonatal intensive care units","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib16","article-title":"Non-pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain","volume":"6","author":"Pillai Riddell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002761","article-title":"Out of the mouth of babes: a lot about pain has nothing to do with pain","volume":"163","author":"Pillai Riddell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib18","unstructured":"Covidence systematic review software, Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia. Available at www.covidence.org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib19","unstructured":"Review Manager (RevMan). Version (9.2.0). The Cochrane Collaboration, (2025). Available at revman.cochrane.org.."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199603000-00004","article-title":"Premature Infant Pain Profile: development and initial validation","volume":"12","author":"Stevens","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib21","series-title":"Managing Pain in Children and Young People","first-page":"220","article-title":"Pain in the Neonate","author":"Campbell-Yeo","year":"2024"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.10.063","article-title":"Nociceptive Cortical Activity Is Dissociated from Nociceptive Behavior in Newborn Human Infants under Stress","volume":"27","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.24953\/turkjpediatr.2009.2250","article-title":"The effect of kangaroo care on pain in premature infants during invasive procedures","volume":"51","author":"Akcan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.818974","article-title":"Effect of Kangaroo mother care in reducing pain due to heel prick among preterm neonates: a crossover trial","volume":"27","author":"Chidambaram","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13180","article-title":"Skin-to-skin contact reduces near-infrared spectroscopy pain responses in premature infants during blood sampling","volume":"105","author":"Olsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731650","article-title":"Effects of Kangaroo Mother Care on Repeated Procedural Pain and Cerebral Oxygenation in Preterm Infants","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2025-003961","article-title":"Effects of Kangaroo care during retinopathy screening examination: a randomised clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800410385839","article-title":"Randomized crossover trial of kangaroo care to reduce biobehavioral pain responses in preterm infants: a pilot study","volume":"13","author":"Cong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Res Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-8-13","article-title":"Kangaroo mother care diminishes pain from heel lance in very preterm neonates: a crossover trial","volume":"8","author":"Johnston","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2007.11.004","article-title":"Kangaroo Care (skin contact) reduces crying response to pain in preterm neonates: pilot results","volume":"9","author":"Kostandy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/00044067-200507000-00010","article-title":"Skin-to-skin contact (Kangaroo Care) analgesia for preterm infant heel stick","volume":"16","author":"Ludington-Hoe","year":"2005","journal-title":"AACN Clin Issues"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.02.008","article-title":"Effects of skin-to-skin contact on autonomic pain responses in preterm infants","volume":"13","author":"Cong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2009.05.012","article-title":"Kangaroo Care modifies preterm infant heart rate variability in response to heel stick pain: pilot study","volume":"85","author":"Cong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00607.x","article-title":"Neurobehavioural assessment of skin-to-skin effects on reaction to pain in preterm infants: a randomized, controlled within-subject trial","volume":"97","author":"Ferber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001646","article-title":"Sustained efficacy of kangaroo care for repeated painful procedures over neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization: a single-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"160","author":"Campbell-Yeo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-018-0193-9","article-title":"Sucrose vs. skin to skin care for preterm neonatal pain control-a randomized control trial","volume":"38","author":"Shukla","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-013-0280-0","article-title":"Effect of kangaroo mother care vs expressed breast milk administration on pain associated with removal of adhesive tape in very low birth weight neonates: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"50","author":"Nanavati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.02.031","article-title":"Evaluation of analgesic effect of skin-to-skin contact compared to oral glucose in preterm neonates","volume":"139","author":"de Sousa Freire","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.130","article-title":"F. Paternal vs maternal kangaroo care for procedural pain in preterm neonates: a randomized crossover trial","volume":"165","author":"Campbell-Yeo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2012.02813.x","article-title":"Alternative female kangaroo care for procedural pain in preterm neonates: a pilot study","volume":"101","author":"Johnston","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13716","article-title":"When alternative female Kangaroo care is provided by other immediate postpartum mothers, it reduces postprocedural pain in preterm babies more than swaddling","volume":"106","author":"Murmu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib42","first-page":"40","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of lullaby and kangaroo care on physiological criteria during heel lance in preterm neonates at the neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"12","author":"Alidadian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iran J Neonatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14699","article-title":"Skin-to-skin contact during eye examination did not reduce pain compared to standard care with parental support in preterm infants","volume":"108","author":"Kristoffersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.566","article-title":"Maternal mood and concordant maternal and infant salivary cortisol during heel lance while in kangaroo care","volume":"19","author":"Castral","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-11692012000300003","article-title":"Maternal factors regulating preterm infants' responses to pain and stress while in maternal kangaroo care","volume":"20","author":"Castral","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Lat Am Enferm"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.340","article-title":"Evaluation of retinopathy of prematurity screening in reverse Kangaroo Mother Care: a pilot study","volume":"29","author":"Padhi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1656","article-title":"The impact of parental contact upon cortical noxious-related activity in human neonates","volume":"25","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-1033-y","article-title":"Barriers and enablers to skin-to-skin contact at birth in healthy neonates - a qualitative study","volume":"18","author":"Alenchery","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnn.2024.07.015","article-title":"Skin-to-skin contact. are we doing enough?","volume":"31","author":"Maguire","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neonatal Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2018.11.002","article-title":"Reducing toxic stress in the neonatal intensive care unit to improve infant outcomes","volume":"67","author":"Weber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nurs Outlook"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526590026001914?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1526590026001914?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T09:08:56Z","timestamp":1793696936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1526590026001914"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S1526590026001914"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-5900"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-5900","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Skin-to-skin contact for painful procedures in younger preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pain","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2026.106373","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of United States Association for the Study of Pain, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106373"}}