{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T15:55:19Z","timestamp":1772639719176,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1229,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpsmjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pain and Symptom Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]],"date-time":"2016-06-03T09:24:06Z","timestamp":1464945846000},"page":"412-419.e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Significant Morbidity and Mortality Among Hospitalized End-Stage Liver Disease Patients in Medicare"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Cristal L.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley G.","family":"Hammill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura G.","family":"Qualls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lesley H.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Muir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3182284e13","article-title":"Long-term clinical course of decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis","volume":"45","author":"Alvarez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02255.x","article-title":"Course of disease and survival after onset of decompensation in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis","volume":"30","author":"Das","year":"2010","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.01.005","article-title":"Natural history of decompensated hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. A study of 200 patients","volume":"40","author":"Planas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.07.056","article-title":"Trends in burden of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma by underlying liver disease in US veterans, 2001-2013","volume":"149","author":"Beste","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.08.010","article-title":"Trends in the burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a United States cohort of veterans","volume":"14","author":"Kanwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04724.x","article-title":"Systematic review: the epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults","volume":"34","author":"Vernon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.01.014","article-title":"Efficacy of a chronic disease management model for patients with chronic liver failure","volume":"11","author":"Wigg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04842.x","article-title":"PROMIS computerised adaptive tests are dynamic instruments to measure health-related quality of life in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"34","author":"Bajaj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12721","article-title":"Competing risk and prognostic stages in cirrhosis: a 25-year inception cohort study of 494 patients","volume":"39","author":"D'Amico","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib10","unstructured":"Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Data. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network; 2015. Available at: https:\/\/optn.transplant.hrsa.gov\/converge\/data\/. Accessed\u00a0February 9, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib11","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Cancer: WHO definition of palliative care; 2016. Available at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/cancer\/palliative\/definition\/en\/. Accessed\u00a0February 9, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1000678","article-title":"Early palliative care for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"363","author":"Temel","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2013.0212","article-title":"Early implementation of palliative care can improve patient outcomes","volume":"11","author":"Glare","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7498.1007","article-title":"Illness trajectories and palliative care","volume":"330","author":"Murray","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39535.491238.94","article-title":"Palliative care beyond cancer: care for all at the end of life","volume":"336","author":"Murray","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2015.02.017","article-title":"Different experiences and goals in different advanced diseases: comparing serial interviews with patients with cancer, organ failure or frailty and their family and professional carers","volume":"50","author":"Kendall","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2013.04.011","article-title":"Development of a six-month prognostic index in patients with advanced chronic medical conditions: the PALIAR score","volume":"47","author":"Bernabeu-Wittel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.08.027","article-title":"Patients with cirrhosis and denied liver transplants rarely receive adequate palliative care or appropriate management","volume":"12","author":"Poonja","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2009.0010","article-title":"Heart failure and palliative care: implications in practice","volume":"12","author":"Hupcey","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Palliat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216313494960","article-title":"Palliative care for people with heart failure: summary of current evidence and future direction","volume":"27","author":"Gadoud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2012.03.006","article-title":"Enrollment and events of hospice patients with heart failure vs. cancer","volume":"45","author":"Cheung","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.10.005","article-title":"Defining the role of palliative care in older adults with heart failure","volume":"125","author":"Bekelman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.03.056","article-title":"Palliative needs for heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results of a multicenter observational registry","volume":"184","author":"Gavazzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2010.10.003","article-title":"Palliative care in advanced heart failure: an international review of perspectives of recipients and health professionals on care provision","volume":"17","author":"Low","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2011.03.012","article-title":"Palliative care and hospice in advanced heart failure","volume":"54","author":"LeMond","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.02.078","article-title":"Palliative care in congestive heart failure","volume":"54","author":"Goodlin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000160417.39497.a9","article-title":"Accuracy of ICD-9-CM codes for identifying cardiovascular and stroke risk factors","volume":"43","author":"Birman-Deych","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83","article-title":"Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data","volume":"43","author":"Quan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176350951","article-title":"A\u00a0class of K-sample tests for comparing the cumulative incidence of a competing risk","volume":"16","author":"Gray","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib30","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau. Quick Facts: United States. United States Census Bureau web site; 2015. Available at:\u00a0http:\/\/www.census.gov\/quickfacts\/table\/PST045215\/00. Accessed February 9,\u00a02016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22853","article-title":"Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis: an update","volume":"49","author":"Runyon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21907","article-title":"Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis","volume":"46","author":"Garcia-Tsao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.08.003","article-title":"Days alive and out of hospital and the patient journey in patients with heart failure: insights from the Candesartan in heart failure: assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program","volume":"162","author":"Ariti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.05.014","article-title":"Early intravenous heart failure therapy and outcomes among older patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure: findings from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Registry Emergency Module (ADHERE-EM)","volume":"166","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib35","unstructured":"National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization. NHPCO's facts and figures: Hospice care in America, 2014\u00a0ed. Available at: http:\/\/www.nhpco.org\/sites\/default\/files\/public\/Statistics_Research\/2014_Facts_Figures.pdf. Accessed\u00a0February 9, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.14950","article-title":"Association between Medicare hospice benefit and health care utilization and costs for patients with poor-prognosis cancer","volume":"312","author":"Obermeyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2012.0851","article-title":"Hospice enrollment saves money for Medicare and improves care quality across a number of different lengths-of-stay","volume":"32","author":"Kelley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.12968\/bjcn.2013.18.9.441","article-title":"Understanding the palliative care needs of heart failure patients","volume":"18","author":"Ivany","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Community Nurs"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pain and Symptom Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0885392416301464?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0885392416301464?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:16:51Z","timestamp":1760131011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0885392416301464"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0885392416301464"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3924","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Significant Morbidity and Mortality Among Hospitalized End-Stage Liver Disease Patients in Medicare","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pain and Symptom Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.03.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}