{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T07:12:37Z","timestamp":1785913957616,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018927","name":"Southwest Minzu University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RQD2021055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RQD2021055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018927","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T16:31:53Z","timestamp":1772728313000},"page":"117446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["E-nose, HS-SPME-GC-MS and untargeted metabolomics reveal effects on 60Co gamma irradiation of Neng-An-Jun-Ning Pills: Changes in odor and chemical compositions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"275","author":[{"given":"Zihong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhong","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renqing","family":"Daji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuela","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riluo","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Qiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-7085(00)00460-X","article-title":"Determination of assay and impurities of gamma irradiated chloramphenicol in eye ointment","volume":"24","author":"Hong","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.1424","article-title":"Evaluation of 60Co-gamma radiosterilization on Chinese medicines with HPLC\/FTIR","volume":"24","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.06.067","article-title":"Aflatoxin in foodstuffs: Occurrence and recent advances in decontamination","volume":"113","author":"Ismail","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxcx.2022.100141","article-title":"Efficacy of electron beam irradiation in reduction of mycotoxin-producing fungi, aflatoxin, and fumonisin, in naturally contaminated maize slurry","volume":"16","author":"Mohamed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicon X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.02.002","article-title":"Wholesomeness and safety aspects of irradiated foods","volume":"285","author":"Ravindran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390701425698","article-title":"Impact of Irradiation on the Safety and Quality of Poultry and Meat Products: A Review","volume":"48","author":"O'Bryan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-7085(02)00017-1","article-title":"Characterization of gamma irradiated petrolatum eye ointment base by headspace\u2013gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry","volume":"29","author":"Hong","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib8","first-page":"1617","article-title":"Discussion on Quality Status of TCM Raw Powder Preparations Based on National Post-market Drug Surveillance in 2018","volume":"54","author":"Nie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. Pharm. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib9","unstructured":"W.H. Organization, 31st report: WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization, Geneva, 1980."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib10","unstructured":"N.M.P. Administration, Guiding principles of irradiation sterilization technology of traditional Chinese medicine, Beijing, 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2017.04.032","article-title":"The effect of different decontamination methods on the microbial load, bioactive components, aroma and colour of spice paprika","volume":"83","author":"Molnar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28155877","article-title":"Influence of 60Co-\u03b3 Irradiation on the Components of Essential Oil of Curcuma","volume":"28","author":"Lei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2025.102452","article-title":"Using GC-IMS and FTIR to investigate the effect of ionizing radiation on volatile compounds and hydrogen bonding of strong-flavor baijiu","volume":"27","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2011.11.006","article-title":"Analysis of 2-alkylcyclobutanones for detection of food irradiation: Current status, needs and prospects","volume":"26","author":"Crews","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Food Compost. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2023.2301485","article-title":"Analysis of the effect of 60Co irradiation sterilization on the chemical composition of volatile organic compounds in Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii using GC-IMS","volume":"39","author":"Zou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib16","first-page":"30","article-title":"The improvement effect of rehabilitation intervention combined with Tibetan medicine Neng Anjunning Powder on inflammatory factors and pepsinogen levels in patients with chronic superficial gastritis","volume":"27","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Pharm. Chin. Minor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib17","first-page":"20","article-title":"Observation on the Clinical Efficacy of Tibetan medicine Nang Anjun Ning San in the Treatment of Chronic Superficial Gastritis","volume":"8","author":"Xiawuzhuoma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Dis. Electron. J. Integr. Tradit. Chin. West. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Deng, H. Zhao, B. Qi, D. Wang, Y. Wu, S. Dai, J. Xia, M. Lu, K. Yao, A. Ma, Y. Jia, Volatile characterization of crude and refined walnut oils from aqueous enzymatic extraction by GC-IMS and GC-MS, Arab. J. Chem., 17 105404. \u3008https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arabjc.2023.105404\u3009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2023.105404"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.144401","article-title":"Metabolomics, E-tongue and HS-SPME-GC\u2013MS reveal the smoking process of Prunus mume: changes in flavor and chemical compositions","volume":"484","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2025.117284","article-title":"Integrating plant metabolomics, chemometrics and mimic processing to elucidate dynamic changes and underlying mechanisms in the chemical profiles of Rehmanniae Radix Carbonisata during stir-frying carbonization","volume":"270","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-021-00753-2","article-title":"Drying methodology effect on the phenolic content, antioxidant activity of Myrtus communis L. leaves ethanol extracts and soybean oil oxidative stability","volume":"15","author":"Snoussi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bmc. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-024-01013-w","article-title":"Metabolomics and proteomics analyses of Chrysanthemi Flos: a mechanism study of changes in proteins and metabolites by processing methods","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2025.465747","article-title":"A holistic strategy for the in-depth discrimination and authentication of 16 citrus herbs and associated commercial products based on machine learning techniques and non-targeted metabolomics","volume":"1745","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib24","series-title":"Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China","author":"Commission","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-08136-6","article-title":"The impact of gamma and electron beam irradiation sterilization technology on the pigments and phenolic components of saffron","volume":"15","author":"Reshad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.138235","article-title":"Effects of thermal and nonthermal treatments on microorganisms, pyrrolizidine alkaloids and volatile compounds in oregano (Origanum vulgare L.)","volume":"440","author":"Kucukoglu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib27","first-page":"1035","article-title":"Influence of gamma irradiation on volatile flavour profiles and physicochemical attributes of navel oranges (Citrus sinensis L.) under post-irradiation storage","volume":"26","author":"Jo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Food Res. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2024.116781","article-title":"Effects of low-temperature plasma, microwave and 60Co \u03b3-irradiation treatments on the flavor characteristics of lychee whole fruit powder","volume":"209","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib29","article-title":"Comparison of the volatile organic compounds in Citrus reticulata \u2018Chachi\u2019 peel with different drying methods using E-nose, GC-IMS and HS-SPME-GC-MS","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1056","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2011.02331.x","article-title":"Effect of \u03b3-Irradiation on Bioactivity, Fatty Acid Compositions and Volatile Compounds of Clary Sage Seed (Salvia sclareaL.)","volume":"76","author":"Yalcin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129409541012","article-title":"Food irradiation-chemistry and applications","volume":"10","author":"Thakur","year":"1994","journal-title":"Food Rev. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib32","first-page":"326","article-title":"Effect of electron beam irradiation sterilization on volatileComponents of Zhaotong Soybean Paste","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Food Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1985.tb13265.x","article-title":"Volatile compounds characterizing the aroma of fresh Atlantic and Pacific Oysters","volume":"50","author":"Josephson","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.130920","article-title":"Flavor mystery of Chinese traditional fermented baijiu: The great contribution of ester compounds","volume":"369","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.12985","article-title":"Effects of irradiation on the aging and sensory quality of navel orange distilled spirits","volume":"104","author":"Qu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2022.110371","article-title":"Effect of gamma irradiation on the physicochemical, functional and bioactive properties of red pitaya (Hylocereus costaricensis) bark flour","volume":"199","author":"Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiat. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.9351","article-title":"Gamma irradiation of clove: level of trapped radicals and effects on bioactive composition","volume":"99","author":"Gaspar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28031439","article-title":"Effect of gamma irradiation on fat content, fatty acids, antioxidants and oxidative stability of almonds, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study of treated nuts","volume":"28","author":"Momchilova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3233","article-title":"Validation of \u03b3-radiation and their effect on phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and microbial load of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seeds and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) sticks","volume":"11","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2012.07.041","article-title":"Comparative effects of gamma and electron beam irradiation on the antioxidant potential of Portuguese chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.)","volume":"50","author":"Carocho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpe.12482","article-title":"Evaluation of gamma irradiation and boiling treatment on antioxidant status in different spices","volume":"40","author":"Khatun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Process Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2016.07.027","article-title":"Infusions from Thymus vulgaris L. treated at different gamma radiation doses: Effects on antioxidant activity and phenolic composition","volume":"74","author":"Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-806X(98)00073-5","article-title":"Feasibility of sterilizing traditional Chinese medicines by gamma-irradiation","volume":"52","author":"Fang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiat. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12896-025-01008-x","article-title":"Assessment of the bioactive compounds in gamma irradiated stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaves","volume":"25","author":"Eliwa","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2020.1782775","article-title":"Comparative analysis of volatile terpenoids composition in rosemary leaves in response to ionizing radiation","volume":"23","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil. Bear. Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4026","DOI":"10.1021\/jf049696w","article-title":"Lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities of common foods in the United States","volume":"52","author":"Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2013.04.001","article-title":"Effect of 60Co\u03b3-irradiation doses on nutrients and sensory quality of fresh walnuts during storage","volume":"84","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.09.049","article-title":"A combined methodology to detect \u03b3-irradiated white sesame seeds and evaluate the effects on fat content, physicochemical properties and protein allergenicity","volume":"131","author":"Zoumpoulakis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5150","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO01558A","article-title":"Effects of gamma radiation on the bioactivity of medicinal and aromatic plants: Mentha \u00d7 piperita L., Thymus vulgaris L. and Aloysia citrodora Pal\u00e1u as case studies","volume":"9","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Funct."}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0731708526001147?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0731708526001147?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T13:56:13Z","timestamp":1776174973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0731708526001147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0731708526001147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446","relation":{},"ISSN":["0731-7085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0731-7085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"E-nose, HS-SPME-GC-MS and untargeted metabolomics reveal effects on 60Co gamma irradiation of Neng-An-Jun-Ning Pills: Changes in odor and chemical compositions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpba.2026.117446","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117446"}}