{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T03:18:06Z","timestamp":1788664686062,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,5]],"date-time":"2008-06-05T12:10:23Z","timestamp":1212667823000},"page":"513-518","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["A Randomized Controlled Trial of Theophylline Versus CO2 Inhalation for Treating Apnea of Prematurity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Saif","family":"Al-Saif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Alvaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juri","family":"Manfreda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Kwiatkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Don","family":"Cates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansour","family":"Qurashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrique","family":"Rigatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.98.1.24","article-title":"Changes in intubation rates and outcome of very low birth weight infants: a population-based study","volume":"98","author":"Poets","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib2","series-title":"Sleep and Breathing in Children: A Developmental Approach","first-page":"237","article-title":"Periodic breathing","author":"Rigatto","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib3","article-title":"Methylxanthine treatment for apnea in preterm infants","volume":"4","author":"Henderson-Smart","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000048","article-title":"Prophylactic caffeine to prevent postoperative apnea following general anesthesia in preterm infants","volume":"4","author":"Henderson-Smart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/41771","article-title":"Aggressiveness, hypoalgesia and high blood pressure in mice lacking the adenosine A2 receptor","volume":"388","author":"Ledent","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.55.5.589","article-title":"Prevention of apnea and bradycardia in low birth weight infants","volume":"55","author":"Shannon","year":"1975","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.55.5.595","article-title":"Treatment of severe apnea in prematures with orally administered theophylline","volume":"55","author":"Uauy","year":"1975","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(83)80278-4","article-title":"Neonatal apnea, xanthines, and necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"18","author":"Grosfeld","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-999733","article-title":"Cerebral palsy in very low birth weight infants surviving to 2 years with modern perinatal intensive care","volume":"4","author":"Kitchen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02155104","article-title":"Improved understanding of respiratory control: implications for the treatment of apnoea","volume":"154","author":"Lagercrantz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1126\/science.209541","article-title":"Aminophylline increases cerebral metabolic rate and decreases anoxic survival in young mice","volume":"201","author":"Thruston","year":"1978","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa073679","article-title":"Long-term effects of caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity","volume":"357","author":"Schmidt","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054065","article-title":"Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity","volume":"354","author":"Schmidt","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00442697","article-title":"Does caffeine prevent hypoxemic episodes in premature infants?","volume":"147","author":"Bucher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib15","series-title":"Handbook of Physiology: The Respiratory System II","first-page":"729","article-title":"Abnormalities in respiratory rhythm","author":"Cherniack","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib16","first-page":"1163","article-title":"A sleep-induced apneic threshold and its consequences","volume":"133","author":"Dempsey","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.3.813","article-title":"Interaction of sleep state and chemical stimuli in sustaining rhythmic ventilation","volume":"55","author":"Skatrud","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.3.918","article-title":"Effects of inhaled CO2 and added dead space on idiopathic central sleep apnea","volume":"82","author":"Xie","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.6.8520761","article-title":"Hypocapnia and increased ventilatory responsiveness in patients with idiopathic central sleep apnea","volume":"152","author":"Xie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib20","first-page":"265","article-title":"The physiologic basis of central apnea and periodic breathing","volume":"10","author":"Younes","year":"1989","journal-title":"Curr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(85)90093-3","article-title":"The effect of rebreathing CO2 on ventilation and diaphragmatic electromyography in newborn infants","volume":"62","author":"Moriette","year":"1985","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1053\/sper.2001.23199","article-title":"Inhalation of low (0.5-1.5%) CO2 as a potential treatment for apnea of prematurity","volume":"25","author":"Al-Saif","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.50.2.202","article-title":"Periodic breathing and apnea in preterm infants, I: evidence for hypoventilation possibly due to central respiratory depression","volume":"50","author":"Rigatto","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1975.39.6.896","article-title":"The effects of O2 on the ventilatory response to CO2 in preterm infants","volume":"39","author":"Rigatto","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.1.101","article-title":"The ventilatory response to endogenous CO2 in preterm infants","volume":"143","author":"Rigatto","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib26","first-page":"157","article-title":"Ontogenesis of brain bioelectrical activity and sleep organization in neonates and infants","volume":"Vol 3","author":"Dreyfus-Brisac","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420030203","article-title":"Ontogenesis of sleep in human prematures after 32 weeks of conceptional age","volume":"3","author":"Dreyfus-Brisac","year":"1970","journal-title":"Dev Psychobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1980.tb06647.x","article-title":"Changes in cerebral blood flow during hyperventilation and CO2 breathing measured transcutaneously in humans by a bidirectional pulsed, ultrasound Doppler blood velocity meter","volume":"110","author":"Hauge","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410030502","article-title":"Control of cerebral blood vessels: present state of the art","volume":"3","author":"Purves","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib30","first-page":"359","article-title":"Adverse effects of caffeine and theophylline in the newborn infant","volume":"5","author":"Howell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1995.tb00111.x","article-title":"Adenosine, adenosine receptors and the actions of caffeine","volume":"76","author":"Fredholm","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1983.tb04531.x","article-title":"Theophylline: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"3","author":"Hendeles","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01059087","article-title":"The population pharmacokinetics of theophylline in neonates and young infants","volume":"17","author":"Moore","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pharmacokinet Biopharmam"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.5.784","article-title":"Caffeine impairs cerebral and intestinal blood flow velocity in preterm infants","volume":"109","author":"Hoecker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199707000-00008","article-title":"Adenosine modulates inspiratory neurons and the respiratory pattern in the brainstem of neonatal rats","volume":"42","author":"Herlenius","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90925-2","article-title":"Protective effect of adenosine and a novel xanthine derivative propentofylline on the cell damage after bilateral carotid occlusion in the gerbil hippocampus","volume":"516","author":"Dux","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(81)90071-2","article-title":"The effect of 2% CO2, 100% O2, theophylline and 15% O2 on \u201cinspiratory drive\u201d and \u201ceffective\u201d timing in preterm infants","volume":"5","author":"Rigatto","year":"1981","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00594.x","article-title":"Aminophylline therapy and cerebral blood flow velocity in preterm infants","volume":"30","author":"Chang","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.67.4_Spec_No.416","article-title":"Intravenous aminophylline and cerebral blood flow in preterm infants","volume":"67","author":"McDonnell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347608002989?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347608002989?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T17:57:06Z","timestamp":1684432626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022347608002989"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022347608002989"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3476","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}}}