{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T02:37:01Z","timestamp":1778639821582,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","jpeds.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,20]],"date-time":"2015-05-20T19:22:18Z","timestamp":1432149738000},"page":"384-389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Risk Factors for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Children: A\u00a0Nested Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"Larry K.","family":"Kociolek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah L.","family":"Palac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sameer J.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanford T.","family":"Shulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dale N.","family":"Gerding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit075","article-title":"The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in children: a population-based study","volume":"56","author":"Khanna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0469","article-title":"Epidemiological features of Clostridium difficile-associated disease among inpatients at children's hospitals in the United States, 2001-2006","volume":"122","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2010.282","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized children in the United States","volume":"165","author":"Nylund","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/pis071","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection in children: current state and unanswered questions","volume":"1","author":"Tamma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1604.090680","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infections among hospitalized children, United States, 1997-2006","volume":"16","author":"Zilberberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000553","article-title":"Novel risk factors for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in children","volume":"60","author":"Nicholson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000108","article-title":"Predictors of first recurrence of Clostridium difficile infections in children","volume":"33","author":"Tschudin-Sutter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3049","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection among children across diverse US geographic locations","volume":"133","author":"Wendt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000556","article-title":"Similar proportions of stool specimens from hospitalized children with and without diarrhea test positive for Clostridium difficile","volume":"34","author":"Leibowitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu302","article-title":"High colonization rate and prolonged shedding of Clostridium difficile in pediatric oncology patients","volume":"59","author":"Dominguez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2744","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000435434.53871.36","article-title":"Clostridium difficile carriage and serum antitoxin responses in children with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"19","author":"Hourigan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00016-13","article-title":"Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection: an ongoing conundrum for clinicians and for clinical laboratories","volume":"26","author":"Burnham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2013.02.020","article-title":"National variability in surveillance, testing, and infection prevention for Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric populations","volume":"41","author":"Kociolek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib14","unstructured":"Kociolek LK, Shulman ST, Gerding DN. Laboratory diagnosis overestimates the burden of pediatric community-onset Clostridium difficile infection: impact of symptom review, culture, and typing on case validation. Poster Presentation #1361. Presented at IDWeek; October 2-6, 2013; San Francisco, CA. https:\/\/idsa.confex.com\/idsa\/2013\/webprogram\/Paper39881.html. Accessed December 12, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2012.32.5.355","article-title":"Evaluation of the Xpert Clostridium difficile assay for the diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"32","author":"Shin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1086\/651706","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the society for healthcare epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the infectious diseases society of America (IDSA)","volume":"31","author":"Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2014.89","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections in children: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Kociolek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00220-12","article-title":"Antimicrobial-resistant strains of Clostridium difficile from North America","volume":"56","author":"Tenover","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0707500","article-title":"Clostridium difficile- More difficult than ever","volume":"359","author":"Kelly","year":"2008","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piu008","article-title":"Variation in risk of hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection across \u03b2-lactam antibiotics in children with new-onset acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"3","author":"Fisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.030015-0","article-title":"The host immune response to Clostridium difficile","volume":"60","author":"Kelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03592-3","article-title":"Association between antibody response to toxin A and protection against recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea","volume":"357","author":"Kyne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31820bfb29","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection in children","volume":"30","author":"Sandora","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3624","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01444-13","article-title":"Correlation between Clostridium difficile bacterial load, commercial real-time PCR cycle thresholds, and results of diagnostic tests based on enzyme immunoassay and cell culture cytotoxicity assay","volume":"51","author":"Dionne","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052_bib25","first-page":"75","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection prevention: biotherapeutics, immunologics, and vaccines","volume":"13","author":"Gerding","year":"2012","journal-title":"Discov Med"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347615004369?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347615004369?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,22]],"date-time":"2018-09-22T13:24:30Z","timestamp":1537622670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022347615004369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022347615004369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3476","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk Factors for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Children: A\u00a0Nested Case-Control Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pediatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.052","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}