{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T10:54:29Z","timestamp":1773312869598,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Public Health Agency"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpeds.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,26]],"date-time":"2015-10-26T02:44:09Z","timestamp":1445827449000},"page":"112-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Persistent Albuminuria in Children with Type 2 Diabetes: A Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"168","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3279-2017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.C.","family":"Sellers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stasia","family":"Hadjiyannakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shazhan","family":"Amed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison B.","family":"Dart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland F.","family":"Dyck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Langlois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constadina","family":"Panagiotopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather J.","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.12.042","article-title":"The global spread of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents","volume":"146","author":"Pinhas-Hamiel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1013","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes, medication-induced diabetes and monogenic diabetes in Canadian children: a prospective national surveillance study","volume":"33","author":"Amed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp011773","article-title":"Clinical Practice. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Remuzzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60821-6","article-title":"Acute and chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents","volume":"369","author":"Pinhas-Hamiel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.4.421","article-title":"Effect of youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus on incidence of end-stage renal disease and mortality in young and middle-aged Pima Indians","volume":"296","author":"Pavkov","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib6","first-page":"A24","article-title":"Natural history of type 2 diabetes diagnosed in childhood: long term follow-up in young adult years","volume":"51","author":"Dean","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-2312","article-title":"High burden of kidney disease in youth-onset type 2 diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Dart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-010-1451-z","article-title":"Orthostatic proteinuria and the spectrum of diurnal variability of urinary protein excretion in healthy children","volume":"25","author":"Brandt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib9","first-page":"A155","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes in Pima Indian children: cardiovascular risk factors at diagnosis and 10 years later","volume":"47","author":"Fagot-Campagna","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(99)00003-0","article-title":"Early presentation of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young New Zealand Maori","volume":"43","author":"McGrath","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-2470","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes complications in adolescents with type 2 compared with type 1 diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Eppens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0450","article-title":"Higher prevalence of elevated albumin excretion in youth with type 2 than type 1 diabetes: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study","volume":"30","author":"Maahs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2420","article-title":"Rapid rise in hypertension and nephropathy in youth with type 2 diabetes: the TODAY clinical trial","volume":"36","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1828","article-title":"Macroalbuminuria and renal pathology in First Nation youth with type 2 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Sellers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib15","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada, Canadian Paediatric Society. Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program. www.cpsp.cps.ca\/about-apropos. Accessed July 15,\u00a02015."},{"issue":"2 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib16","first-page":"S12","article-title":"KDOQI clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice recommendations for diabetes and chronic kidney disease","volume":"49","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib17","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Canadian Diabetes Association 2013 clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes in Canada","volume":"37","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02067-5","article-title":"Diabetes-associated autoantibodies in aboriginal children","volume":"355","author":"Sellers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib19","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Fourth Report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. http:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/prof\/heart\/hbp\/hbp_ped.pdf. Accessed July 23,\u00a02012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1572","article-title":"Validation of a pediatric diabetes case definition using administrative health data in Manitoba, Canada","volume":"34","author":"Dart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2009.11.012","article-title":"Prevalence of non-diabetic renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"87","author":"Mou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174411000286","article-title":"Decreased urine albumin: creatinine ratios in infants of diabetic mothers: does exposure to diabetic pregnancies alter fetal renal development?","volume":"2","author":"Dyck","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dev Orig Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.47.9.1489","article-title":"Intrauterine diabetes exposure and the risk of renal disease in diabetic Pima Indians","volume":"47","author":"Nelson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.11.2240","article-title":"Adverse effects of hyperglycemia on kidney development in rats: in\u00a0vivo and in\u00a0vitro studies","volume":"48","author":"Amri","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0419","article-title":"Fetal exposure to maternal type 1 diabetes is associated with renal dysfunction at adult age","volume":"59","author":"Abi Khalil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1159\/000308161","article-title":"Obesity-related renal injury in childhood","volume":"73","author":"Savino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2006.07.016","article-title":"Epidemic of childhood obesity: implications for kidney disease","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2012.00859.x","article-title":"Differing clinical features in Aboriginal versus non-Aboriginal children presenting with type 2 diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Amed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2014.03.005","article-title":"The long-term risks of end stage renal disease and mortality among First Nations and non-First Nations people with youth-onset diabetes","volume":"38","author":"Dyck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-2671(10)44006-X","article-title":"End-stage renal disease in people with diabetes: a comparison of First Nations people and other Saskatchewan residents from 1981-2005","volume":"34","author":"Dyck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(03)00004-3","article-title":"Genes, environment and Oji-Cree type 2 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Hegele","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60329-7","article-title":"Screening for type 2 diabetes in aboriginal children in northern Canada","volume":"352","author":"Dean","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2012.04.013","article-title":"Clinical and demographic characteristics of type 2 diabetes in youth at diagnosis in Manitoba and northwestern Ontario (2006-2011)","volume":"36","author":"Sellers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib34","first-page":"1077","article-title":"The hepatic nuclear factor-1alpha G319S variant is associated with early-onset type 2 diabetes in Canadian Oji-Cree","volume":"84","author":"Hegele","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.12.2202","article-title":"The prevalence of the HNF-1 alpha G319S mutation in Canadian aboriginal youth with type 2 diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Sellers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.1747","article-title":"Structure\/function studies of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha, a diabetes-associated transcription factor","volume":"266","author":"Yang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.114.2.469","article-title":"LFB1 and LFB3 homeoproteins are sequentially expressed during kidney development","volume":"114","author":"Lazzaro","year":"1992","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050193","article-title":"Excess prevalence of nondiabetic renal disease in Native American children in Manitoba","volume":"10","author":"Bulloch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E758","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.120427","article-title":"Incidence and causes of end-stage renal disease among Aboriginal children and young adults","volume":"184","author":"Samuel","year":"2012","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"7 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S139","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000070151.95421.87","article-title":"The Zuni kidney project: a collaborative approach to an epidemic of kidney disease","volume":"14","author":"Stidley","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.307","article-title":"Renal biopsy findings among indigenous Australians: a nationwide review","volume":"82","author":"Hoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.11.017","article-title":"Maternal diabetes mellitus and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in the child","volume":"65","author":"Dart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013060582","article-title":"Prenatal risk factors for childhood CKD","volume":"25","author":"Hsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347615010550?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347615010550?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T08:59:06Z","timestamp":1758358746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022347615010550"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0022347615010550"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3476","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Persistent Albuminuria in Children with Type 2 Diabetes: A Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pediatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.042","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}