{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:07:49Z","timestamp":1765609669515},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","jpeds.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,19]],"date-time":"2015-11-19T10:32:52Z","timestamp":1447929172000},"page":"213-219","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Obstetric and Neonatal Adversities, Parity, and Tourette Syndrome: A\u00a0Nationwide Registry"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Susanna","family":"Leivonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arja","family":"Voutilainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roshan","family":"Chudal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Auli","family":"Suominen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Gissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Sourander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib1","series-title":"International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10)","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.26","article-title":"The genetics of Tourette syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Deng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-53","article-title":"Prenatal risk factors for Tourette syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Chao","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.010","article-title":"Environmental factors in Tourette syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Hoekstra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02611.x","article-title":"Practitioner review: what have we learnt about the causes of ADHD?","volume":"54","author":"Thapar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1036","article-title":"Perinatal and neonatal risk factors for autism: a comprehensive meta-analysis","volume":"128","author":"Gardener","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.04.058","article-title":"Risk of autism spectrum disorders in low birth weight and small for gestational age infants","volume":"161","author":"Lampi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.09.044","article-title":"Obstetric risk factors and autism spectrum disorders in Finland","volume":"164","author":"Polo-Kantola","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.11.013","article-title":"Pre- and perinatal risk factors in adults with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"71","author":"Halmoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199702000-00018","article-title":"Obstetric complications in autism: consequences or causes of the condition?","volume":"36","author":"Bolton","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0927","article-title":"Prenatal, perinatal and neonatal factors associated with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"123","author":"Bilder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12094","article-title":"Variation by diagnostic subtype in risk for autism spectrum disorders associated with maternal parity among Finnish births","volume":"28","author":"Cheslack-Postava","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn250","article-title":"Advanced parental age and the risk of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"168","author":"Durkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.161.4.334","article-title":"Maternal and paternal age and risk of autism spectrum disorders","volume":"161","author":"Croen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.3.652","article-title":"Relationship of birth weight to the phenotypic expression of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome in monozygotic twins","volume":"42","author":"Hyde","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800130112025","article-title":"Nongenetic factors in Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Leckman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e3181cc7cbc","article-title":"Role of perinatal adversities on tic severity and symptoms of attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with a tic disorder","volume":"31","author":"Bos-Veneman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib18","first-page":"295","article-title":"Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for Tourette disorder","volume":"27","author":"Burd","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-010-0115-7","article-title":"Severe psychosocial stress and heavy cigarette smoking during pregnancy: an examination of the pre- and perinatal risk factors associated with ADHD and Tourette syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Motlagh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199003000-00010","article-title":"Perinatal factors in the expression of Tourette's syndrome: an exploratory study","volume":"29","author":"Leckman","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.6.1066","article-title":"Association between maternal smoking and increased symptom severity in Tourette's syndrome","volume":"163","author":"Mathews","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308883.25","article-title":"Do prenatal and perinatal complications influence tic severity in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome?","volume":"85","author":"Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01837.x","article-title":"Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders in a total population of children: clinical assessment and background","volume":"94","author":"Khalifa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.125468","article-title":"Association between pre- and perinatal exposures ad Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder in the ALSPAC cohort","volume":"204","author":"Mathews","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib25","first-page":"192","article-title":"Prevalence of Tourette syndrome and chronic tics in the population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Child Cohort","volume":"5","author":"Scharf","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12708","article-title":"A register study of the characteristics, incidence and validity of diagnosed Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders","volume":"103","author":"Leivonen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494812456637","article-title":"Quality of the Finnish hospital discharge register: a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Sund","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2013.803739","article-title":"New population-based references for birth weight, length, and head circumference in singletons and twins from 23 to 43 gestation weeks","volume":"45","author":"Sankilampi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1080\/07399330500230912","article-title":"Is older maternal age a risk factor for preterm birth and fetal growth restriction? A systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Newburn-Cook","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Care Women Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2007.061473","article-title":"Social inequality in fetal growth: a comparative study of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden in the period","volume":"62","author":"Mortensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.05.019","article-title":"Maternal bipolar disorder increased low birth weight and preterm births: a nationwide population based study","volume":"121","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12099","article-title":"The association between parity and birthweight in a Longitudinal Consecutive Pregnancy Cohort","volume":"28","author":"Hinkle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3126","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det299","article-title":"Paternal age, placental weight and placental to birthweight ratio: a population-based study of 590 835 pregnancies","volume":"28","author":"Str\u00f8m-Roum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2014.05.010","article-title":"Mediators of the association between parental severe mental illness and offspring neurodevelopmental problems","volume":"24","author":"McCoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054712445066","article-title":"Do firstborn children have an increased risk of ADHD?","volume":"18","author":"Marin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-013-0661-7","article-title":"Sibship size, birth order, family structure and childhood mental disorders","volume":"48","author":"Carballo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-4-41","article-title":"Family structure and risk factors for schizophrenia: case-sibling study","volume":"4","author":"Haukka","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.03.009","article-title":"Siblings and childhood mental health: evidence for a later-born advantage","volume":"70","author":"Lawson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-013-0393-7","article-title":"Sibling characteristics and early onset psychoses among the young adolescent patient population","volume":"45","author":"Stenudd","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808330763","article-title":"Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and birth order","volume":"24","author":"Berger","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1434","article-title":"Environmental risk factors by gender associated with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"133","author":"Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.051672","article-title":"Prenatal risk factors for autism: comprehensive meta-analysis","volume":"195","author":"Gardener","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000101","article-title":"The evolution of the hygiene hypothesis: the role of early life exposures to viruses and microbes and their relationship to asthma and allergic diseases","volume":"14","author":"Daley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/329375","article-title":"Immune dysfunction in Tourette syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Elamin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.01.064","article-title":"Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibezofurans, and biphenyls in the general population in Finland","volume":"60","author":"Kiviranta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69665-7","article-title":"Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals","volume":"368","author":"Grandjean","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03395.x","article-title":"The effect of alcohol binge drinking in early pregnancy on general intelligence in children","volume":"119","author":"Kesmodel","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2002.01020.x","article-title":"Maternal use of cannabis and pregnancy outcome","volume":"109","author":"Fergusson","year":"2002","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182342b7f","article-title":"Determinants of maternal sex steroids during the first half of pregnancy","volume":"118","author":"Toriola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-411546-0.00009-3","article-title":"Neuroendocrine aspects of Tourette syndrome","volume":"112","author":"Martino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.420","article-title":"Evidence of reproductive stoppage in families with autism spectrum disorders. A large population-based study cohort","volume":"71","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000117","article-title":"Child and family characteristics associated with age of diagnosis if an autism spectrum disorder in a tertiary care setting","volume":"36","author":"Bickel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2012.11.006","article-title":"Gestational overgrowth and undergrowth affect neurodevelopment: similarities and differences from behavior to epigenetics","volume":"31","author":"Grissom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk107","article-title":"Genetic and environmental influences on birth weight, birth length, head circumference, and gestational age by use of population-based parent-offspring data","volume":"165","author":"Lunde","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib55","first-page":"425","article-title":"Dependence of neonatal small and large for gestational age rates on maternal height and weight: an analysis of the German Perinatal Survey","volume":"38","author":"Voight","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12233","article-title":"Incidence and prediction of outcome in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in Japan","volume":"56","author":"Hayakawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347615013025?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347615013025?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T14:18:26Z","timestamp":1567347506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022347615013025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0022347615013025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3476","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Obstetric and Neonatal Adversities, Parity, and Tourette Syndrome: A\u00a0Nationwide Registry","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pediatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.063","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.12.048","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}