{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T06:37:25Z","timestamp":1768977445461,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Boston Children's Hospital Provider-Payor Quality Initiative"},{"name":"Boston Children's Hospital Surgical Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000011","name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpeds.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T11:16:44Z","timestamp":1594984604000},"page":"69-76.e3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Optimizing Duration of Empiric Management of Suspected Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections in Pediatric Patients with Intestinal Failure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"227","author":[{"given":"Gillian L.","family":"Fell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bennet S.","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Anez-Bustillos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duy T.","family":"Dao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meredith A.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prathima","family":"Nandivada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison A.","family":"O'Loughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexis P.","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0431-896X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Gura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7941-2926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Puder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.12.002","article-title":"Causes and management of intestinal failure in children","volume":"130","author":"Goulet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.04.013","article-title":"What information should lead to a suspicion of catheter sepsis in HPN?","volume":"27","author":"Clare","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200211000-00007","article-title":"A review of risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by percutaneously inserted, noncuffed central venous catheters: implications for preventive strategies","volume":"81","author":"Safdar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1054\/clnu.2001.0500","article-title":"Catheter-related infection in patients on home parenteral nutrition: results of a prospective survey","volume":"21","author":"Reimund","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.03.062","article-title":"Natural history of pediatric intestinal failure: initial report from the Pediatric Intestinal Failure Consortium","volume":"161","author":"Squires","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.12.017","article-title":"A comparative study of peripherally-inserted and Broviac catheter complications in home parenteral nutrition patients","volume":"34","author":"Tour\u00e9","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.06.028","article-title":"Central venous catheter infections in home parenteral nutrition patients: outcomes from Sustain: American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition's National Patient Registry for Nutrition Care","volume":"44","author":"Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607114567897","article-title":"Challenging the 48-hour rule-out for central line-associated bloodstream infections in the pediatric intestinal failure population: a retrospective pilot study","volume":"40","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607113491783","article-title":"Risk factors for the development of catheter-related bloodstream infections in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition","volume":"38","author":"Buchman","year":"2014","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib10","article-title":"Clinical features and biomarkers suggestive of bloodstream infection in pediatric patients with intestinal failure and central venous lines for parenteral nutrition","author":"Fischer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e140","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000812","article-title":"Bloodstream infections in patients with intestinal failure presenting to a pediatric emergency department with fever and a central line","volume":"33","author":"Szydlowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-2045-z","article-title":"The pathogenesis of catheter-related bloodstream infection with noncuffed short-term central venous catheters","volume":"30","author":"Safdar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S176.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.10.014","article-title":"Zeroing in on zero tolerance for central line-associated bacteremia","volume":"36","author":"Zack","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002058","article-title":"Analysis of healthcare institutional costs of pediatric home parenteral nutrition central line infections","volume":"67","author":"Raphael","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2013a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.01.035","article-title":"Central line-associated bloodstream infection among children with intestinal failure presenting to the emergency department with fever","volume":"196","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2009.04994.x","article-title":"Estimating the risk of rare complications: is the \u201crule of three\u201d good enough?","volume":"79","author":"Ludbrook","year":"2009","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1927.10502953","article-title":"Probable inference, the law of succession, and statistical inference","volume":"22","author":"Wilson","year":"1927","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780040211","article-title":"Comparative analysis of two rates","volume":"4","author":"Miettinen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/80.1.27","article-title":"Bias reduction of maximum likelihood estimates","volume":"80","author":"Firth","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib22","series-title":"Pediatric Anesthesia","first-page":"1300","article-title":"Appendix B: pediatric normal laboratory values","author":"Andropoulos","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(81)90071-3","article-title":"Likelihood of a model and information criteria","volume":"16","author":"Akaike","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Econom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26225","article-title":"Risk factors for central line-associated bloodstream infection in pediatric oncology patients with a totally implantable venous access port: a cohort study","volume":"64","author":"Viana Taveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24677","article-title":"Ambulatory pediatric oncology CLABSIs: epidemiology and risk factors","volume":"60","author":"Rinke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e3182820edd","article-title":"Microbiology and risk factors for central line\u2013associated bloodstream infections among pediatric oncology outpatients","volume":"35","author":"Kelly","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.08.012","article-title":"Enteral nutrition in the management of pediatric intestinal failure","volume":"165","author":"Gosselin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.3.898-901.2002","article-title":"Initial concentration of staphylococcus epidermidis in simulated pediatric blood cultures correlates with time to positive results with the automated, continuously monitored BACTEC blood culture system","volume":"40","author":"Haimi-Cohen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2008.01455.x","article-title":"Neonatal blood cultures: effect of delayed entry into the blood culture machine and bacterial concentration on the time to positive growth in a simulated model","volume":"45","author":"Jardine","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2011.02.036","article-title":"Ethanol lock therapy to reduce the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections in home parenteral nutrition patients with intestinal failure: preliminary experience","volume":"46","author":"Wales","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.3291","article-title":"Central catheter-associated bloodstream infection reduction with ethanol lock prophylaxis in pediatric intestinal failure: broadening quality improvement initiatives from hospital to home","volume":"169","author":"Ardura","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.04.209","article-title":"Enhanced central venous catheter bundle for pediatric parenteral-dependent intestinal failure","volume":"46","author":"Ormsby","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1403","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0302","article-title":"Central line maintenance bundles and CLABSIs in ambulatory oncology patients","volume":"132","author":"Rinke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2017.05.007","article-title":"Prevention of central line\u2013associated bloodstream infections","volume":"31","author":"Bell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30224-X","article-title":"Treatment and secondary prophylaxis with ethanol lock therapy for central line-associated bloodstream infection in paediatric cancer: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Wolf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002234762030901X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002234762030901X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T09:04:50Z","timestamp":1758359090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002234762030901X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S002234762030901X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3476","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Optimizing Duration of Empiric Management of Suspected Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections in Pediatric Patients with Intestinal Failure","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pediatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.07.044","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}