{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:04:29Z","timestamp":1787508269578,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpeds.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T11:54:45Z","timestamp":1600862085000},"page":"294-298.e3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Routine Early Antibiotic Use in SymptOmatic Preterm Neonates: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"229","author":[{"given":"J. Lauren","family":"Ruoss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalina","family":"Bazacliu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan T.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diomel de la","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Gurka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Filipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Polin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric W.","family":"Triplett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Neu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.02.035","article-title":"Antibiotic exposure in the newborn intensive care unit and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"159","author":"Alexander","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3423","article-title":"Prolonged duration of initial empirical antibiotic treatment is associated with increased rates of necrotizing enterocolitis and death for extremely low birth weight infants","volume":"123","author":"Cotten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2012.521","article-title":"Empirical antibiotic treatment and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and death in very low birth weight neonates","volume":"32","author":"Abdel Ghany","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.01.010","article-title":"Early empiric antibiotic use in preterm infants is associated with lower bacterial diversity and higher relative abundance of Enterobacter","volume":"165","author":"Greenwood","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3409","article-title":"Neonatal intensive care unit antibiotic use","volume":"135","author":"Schulman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0300-4","article-title":"Prolonged duration of early antibiotic therapy in extremely premature infants","volume":"85","author":"Greenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70192-0","article-title":"Early-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: a report from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network","volume":"129","author":"Stoll","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83304","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083304","article-title":"Intestinal microbial ecology and environmental factors affecting necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"8","author":"Torrazza","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52876","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052876","article-title":"Distortions in development of intestinal microbiota associated with late onset sepsis in preterm infants","volume":"8","author":"Mai","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20647","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020647","article-title":"Fecal microbiota in premature infants prior to necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"6","author":"Mai","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0248-8","article-title":"Intestinal dysbiosis in preterm infants preceding necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Pammi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2009.37","article-title":"16S rRNA gene-based analysis of fecal microbiota from preterm infants with and without necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu084","article-title":"Sepsis from the gut: the enteric habitat of bacteria that cause late-onset neonatal bloodstream infections","volume":"58","author":"Carl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32835a1ac8","article-title":"Normal neonatal microbiome variation in relation to environmental factors, infection and allergy","volume":"24","author":"Madan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2016.09.015","article-title":"Pathogenesis of NEC: impact of an altered intestinal microbiome","volume":"41","author":"Neu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L402","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00509.2019","article-title":"The emergence of preclinical studies on the role of the microbiome in lung development and experimental animal models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"318","author":"Casado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2910","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02910","article-title":"Gut and lung microbiota in preterm infants: immunological modulation and implication in neonatal outcomes","volume":"10","author":"Tirone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F298","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-302119","article-title":"Bacterial and fungal viability in the preterm gut: NEC and sepsis","volume":"98","author":"Stewart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0517-2","article-title":"A neonatal sequential organ failure assessment score predicts mortality to late-onset sepsis in preterm very low birth weight infants","volume":"88","author":"Wynn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280216642264","article-title":"Assessing methods for dealing with treatment switching in clinical trials: a follow-up simulation study","volume":"27","author":"Latimer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056_bib21","first-page":"232","article-title":"Development and implementation of an early-onset sepsis calculator to guide antibiotic management in late preterm and term neonates","volume":"42","author":"Kuzniewicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347620312488?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347620312488?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T09:06:19Z","timestamp":1758359179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022347620312488"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["S0022347620312488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.04.17.20069617","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0022-3476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3476","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Routine Early Antibiotic Use in SymptOmatic Preterm Neonates: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pediatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.056","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}