{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:19:08Z","timestamp":1790223548760,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD078565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD078565"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpeds.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T12:56:57Z","timestamp":1617022617000},"page":"116-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Racial and Economic Neighborhood Segregation, Site of Delivery, and Morbidity and Mortality in Neonates Born Very Preterm"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"235","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"Janevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9568-2969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Zeitlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia N.","family":"Egorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Hebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Balbierz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Marie","family":"Stroustrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.2307\/2086918","article-title":"The relationship of fetal and infant mortality to residential segregation: an inquiry into social epidemiology","volume":"15","author":"Yankauer","year":"1950","journal-title":"Am Sociol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.011","article-title":"Metropolitan isolation segregation and Black\u2013White disparities in very preterm birth: a test of mediating pathways and variance explained","volume":"71","author":"Kramer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.09.018","article-title":"Racial residential segregation and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"191","author":"Mehra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2018.05.007","article-title":"Public health implications of very preterm birth","volume":"45","author":"Barfield","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73.e1-e8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.09.097","article-title":"Explaining the recent decrease in US infant mortality rate, 2007\u20132013","volume":"216","author":"Callaghan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10244","article-title":"Trends in care practices, morbidity, and mortality of extremely preterm neonates, 1993-2012","volume":"314","author":"Stoll","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.05.019","article-title":"Association between transport risk index of physiologic stability in extremely premature infants and mortality or neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 24 months","volume":"224","author":"Grass","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30569-X","article-title":"Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions","volume":"389","author":"Bailey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.0241","article-title":"Racial segregation and inequality in the neonatal intensive care unit for very low-birth-weight and very preterm infants","volume":"173","author":"Horbar","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.4402","article-title":"Differences in morbidity and mortality rates in black, white, and hispanic very preterm infants among New York City hospitals","volume":"172","author":"Howell","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib11","first-page":"281","article-title":"The dimensions of residential segregation","volume":"67","author":"Massey","year":"1988","journal-title":"JSTOR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy004","article-title":"Using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes at multiple geographical levels to monitor health inequities in an era of growing spatial social polarization: Massachusetts, USA (2010-14)","volume":"47","author":"Krieger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2019.00735","article-title":"Neighborhood racial and economic polarization, hospital of delivery, and severe maternal morbidity","volume":"39","author":"Janevic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-018-0272-4","article-title":"Using index of concentration at the extremes as indicators of structural racism to evaluate the association with preterm birth and infant mortality\u2014California, 2011\u20132012","volume":"96","author":"Chambers","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494817701566","article-title":"Spatial social polarization and birth outcomes: preterm birth and infant mortality\u2013New York City, 2010\u201314","volume":"46","author":"Huynh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2017.07.057","article-title":"Privilege and deprivation: associations between the index of concentration at the extremes and birth equity in Detroit","volume":"27","author":"Wallace","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e151906","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.1906","article-title":"Effects of a birth hospital's neonatal intensive care unit level and annual volume of very low-birth-weight infant deliveries on morbidity and mortality","volume":"169","author":"Jensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31821d2b1d","article-title":"Quality of data in perinatal population health databases: a systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Lain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491513000108","article-title":"Validation of selected items on the 2003 U.S. standard certificate of live birth: New York City and Vermont","volume":"130","author":"Dietz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa065029","article-title":"Level and volume of neonatal intensive care and mortality in very-low-birth-weight infants","volume":"356","author":"Phibbs","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e407","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0910","article-title":"Black\/white differences in very low birth weight neonatal mortality rates among New York City hospitals","volume":"12","author":"Howell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302955","article-title":"Public health monitoring of privilege and deprivation with the index of concentration at the extremes","volume":"106","author":"Krieger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3233\/JEM-2005-0259","article-title":"An extension of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique to logit and probit models","volume":"30","author":"Fairlie","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Econ Soc Meas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib24","series-title":"Addressing path dependence and incorporating sample weights in the nonlinear blinder-oaxaca decomposition technique for logit, probit and other nonlinear models","author":"Fairlie","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.6055","article-title":"Neonatal mortality after interhospital transfer of pregnant women for imminent very preterm birth in Illinois","volume":"174","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0513-6","article-title":"The color of health: how racism, segregation, and inequality affect the health and well-being of preterm infants and their families","volume":"87","author":"Beck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20191508","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-1508","article-title":"Racial segregation and intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants","volume":"145","author":"Murosko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.06.074","article-title":"Neighborhood inequality and emergency department use in neonatal intensive care unit graduates","volume":"226","author":"Manickam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.08.001","article-title":"Influence of socioeconomic context on the rehospitalization rates of infants born preterm","volume":"190","author":"Laugier","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001283","article-title":"Neighborhood disadvantage and hospital quality ratings in the medicare hospital compare program","volume":"58","author":"Fahrenbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.211","article-title":"Burnout in the neonatal intensive care unit and its relation to healthcare-associated infections","volume":"37","author":"Tawfik","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13249","article-title":"Development and use of an adjusted nurse staffing metric in the neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"55","author":"Tawfik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305656","article-title":"Structural racism, historical redlining, and risk of preterm birth in New York City, 2013\u20132017","volume":"110","author":"Krieger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1177\/1073110520958876","article-title":"Structural racism and health disparities: reconfiguring the social determinants of health framework to include the root cause","volume":"48","author":"Yearby","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Law Med Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.2029","article-title":"Association of race\/ethnicity with very preterm neonatal morbidities","volume":"172","author":"Janevic","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.04.016","article-title":"Confounding, causality, and confusion: the role of intermediate variables in interpreting observational studies in obstetrics","volume":"217","author":"Ananth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347621002936?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347621002936?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T09:10:14Z","timestamp":1758359414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022347621002936"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0022347621002936"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3476","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Racial and Economic Neighborhood Segregation, Site of Delivery, and Morbidity and Mortality in Neonates Born Very Preterm","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pediatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.049","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}