{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T23:50:14Z","timestamp":1771631414386,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpeds.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T13:24:15Z","timestamp":1634822655000},"page":"196-202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prescription Drug Monitoring and Child Maltreatment in the United States, 2004-2018"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"241","author":[{"given":"Emilie","family":"Bruzelius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie S.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Okuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shakira F.","family":"Suglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia S.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2389","article-title":"Opioid and substance use disorder and receipt of treatment among parents living with children in the United States, 2015-2017","volume":"17","author":"Clemans-Cope","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib2","series-title":"Children living with parents who have a substance use disorder. CBHSQ Report","author":"Lipari","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.410","article-title":"The prevalence of confirmed maltreatment among US children, 2004 to 2011","volume":"168","author":"Wildeman","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.0676","article-title":"Prevalence of childhood exposure to violence, crime, and abuse: results from the National Survey of Children\u2019s Exposure to Violence","volume":"169","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib5","series-title":"New directions in child abuse and neglect research","author":"Petersen","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305554","article-title":"Cumulative prevalence of confirmed maltreatment and foster care placement for US children by race\/ethnicity, 2011-2016","volume":"110","author":"Yi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e356","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30118-4","article-title":"The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Hughes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.08.013","article-title":"Medical costs attributable to child maltreatment: a systematic review of short- and long-term effects","volume":"41","author":"Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.12.022","article-title":"The association between child maltreatment and adult poverty \u2013 a systematic review of longitudinal research","volume":"77","author":"Bunting","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abus Negl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20161595","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1595","article-title":"Child maltreatment and adult living standards at 50 years","volume":"139","author":"Pinto Pereira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib12","author":"Radel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2017.07.014","article-title":"Substance use behaviors by parents and the decision to substantiate child physical abuse and neglect by caseworkers","volume":"79","author":"Freisthler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1080\/1533256X.2019.1641675","article-title":"Understanding the role of parental opiate or marijuana use in child welfare substantiation decisions","volume":"19","author":"Price Wolf","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Soc Work Pract Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559510368305","article-title":"Caseworker-perceived caregiver substance abuse and child protective services outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Berger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Maltreat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107623","article-title":"Opioid prescription rates and risk for substantiated child abuse and neglect: a Bayesian spatiotemporal analysis","volume":"205","author":"Morris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.05.015","article-title":"The role of substance use in child welfare caseloads","volume":"90","author":"Ghertner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.014","article-title":"Are community level prescription opioid overdoses associated with child harm? A spatial analysis of California zip codes, 2001-2011","volume":"166","author":"Wolf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib19","article-title":"Relationships between opioid-related hospitalizations and intimate partner violence and child maltreatment hospitalizations in Pennsylvania across space and time","author":"Sumetsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.01.015","article-title":"The relationship between foster care entries and high-dose opioid prescribing in California","volume":"93","author":"Quast","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.1023","article-title":"Opioid prescription rates and child removals: evidence from Florida","volume":"37","author":"Quast","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.10.001","article-title":"State-level variation in the relationship between child removals and opioid prescriptions","volume":"86","author":"Quast","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abus Negl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.1738","article-title":"Trends in foster care entry among children removed from their homes because of parental drug use, 2000 to 2017","volume":"173","author":"Meinhofer","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.1684","article-title":"Shortfall of intervention research over correlational research in childhood maltreatment: an impasse to be overcome","volume":"173","author":"Berthelot","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-3074","article-title":"Association between prescription drug monitoring programs and nonfatal and fatal drug overdoses: a systematic review","volume":"168","author":"Fink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.010","article-title":"Effects of mandatory prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) use laws on prescriber registration and use and on risky prescribing","volume":"199","author":"Strickler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12436","article-title":"The association of state opioid misuse prevention policies with patient- and provider-related outcomes: a scoping review","volume":"98","author":"Mauri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Milbank Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000608","article-title":"Advances in prescription drug monitoring program research: a literature synthesis (June 2018 to December 2019)","volume":"33","author":"Delcher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxaa002","article-title":"Prescription drug monitoring programs and prescription opioid-related outcomes in the United States","volume":"42","author":"Puac-Polanco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108137","article-title":"The state of the science in opioid policy research","volume":"214","author":"Schuler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.10.001","article-title":"Prescription drug monitoring programs operational characteristics and fatal heroin poisoning","volume":"74","author":"Martins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303104","article-title":"Prescription and Illicit opioid deaths and the prescription drug monitoring program in Florida","volume":"106","author":"Delcher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1162\/ajhe_a_00101","article-title":"Prescription drug monitoring programs: the role of asymmetric information on drug availability and abuse","volume":"4","author":"Meinhofer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Heal Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001123","article-title":"Measuring relationships between proactive reporting state-level prescription drug monitoring programs and county-level fatal prescription opioid overdoses","volume":"31","author":"Cerd\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1177\/1073110518782950","article-title":"The opioid epidemic in Indian Country","volume":"46","author":"Tipps","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Law Med Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13548","article-title":"The importance of data source in prescription drug monitoring program research","volume":"56","author":"Horwitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040617-013507","article-title":"Designing difference in difference studies: best practices for public health policy research","volume":"39","author":"Wing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.50.2.317","article-title":"A practitioner\u2019s guide to cluster-robust inference","volume":"50","author":"Colin Cameron","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hum Resour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.1890\/07-0043.1","article-title":"Quasi-Poisson vs. negative binomial regression: how should we model overdispered data","volume":"88","author":"Hoef","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib44","author":"Jones"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib45","author":"Zeileis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib46","author":"Kleiber"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib47","author":"Griffin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib48","author":"Vestal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib49","article-title":"The effect of mandatory access prescription drug monitoring programs on foster care admissions","volume":"2019","author":"Gihleb","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hum Resour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-7295.2012.00481.x","article-title":"Parental substance use and foster care: evidence from two methamphetamine supply shocks","volume":"51","author":"Cunningham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Econ Inq"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2010.02.011","article-title":"Fulfilling the hope of ICWA: the role of community context","volume":"32","author":"Quash-Mah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.09.006","article-title":"Medication-assisted treatment improves child permanency outcomes for opioid-using families in the child welfare system","volume":"71","author":"Hall","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2007.04.003","article-title":"Medication assisted drug treatment and child well-being","volume":"29","author":"Lundgren","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347621010076?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347621010076?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T09:13:13Z","timestamp":1758359593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022347621010076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0022347621010076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3476","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prescription Drug Monitoring and Child Maltreatment in the United States, 2004-2018","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pediatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.10.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}