{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T04:05:34Z","timestamp":1780459534148,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpeds.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T02:09:50Z","timestamp":1758938990000},"page":"114840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Maternal Coronavirus Disease 2019 Test Positivity and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Outcomes for Infants Born Extremely Preterm"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"288","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8936-0699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily A.","family":"Messick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shampa","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan L.","family":"Slaughter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Kielt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen L.","family":"Benninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward F.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara J.","family":"Stoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Puopolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagori","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dustin D.","family":"Flannery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myra H.","family":"Wyckoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Michael","family":"Cotten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi M.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbot R.","family":"Laptook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Grisby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhik","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele C.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo J.","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib1","series-title":"COVID data tracker","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6925a1","article-title":"Characteristics of women of reproductive age with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by pregnancy status - united States, January 22-June 7, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Ellington","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2081","article-title":"Pregnancy and infant outcomes by trimester of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy-SET-NET, 22 jurisdictions, January 25, 2020-December 31, 2020","volume":"115","author":"Neelam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib4","article-title":"Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"370","author":"Allotey","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7047e1","article-title":"Risk for stillbirth among women with and without COVID-19 at delivery hospitalization - United States, March 2020-September 2021","volume":"70","author":"DeSisto","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7145a3","article-title":"COVID-19\u2013Associated hospitalizations among U.S. infants aged <6 months \u2014 COVID-NET, 13 states, June 2021\u2013August 2022","volume":"71","author":"Hamis","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2021.12.006","article-title":"Characteristics and predictors of outcomes of critically Ill children with SARS-CoV-2 infection - the PICU experience","volume":"98","author":"Kazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2020.07.002","article-title":"Pediatric patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units in Brazil: a prospective multicenter study","volume":"96","author":"Prata-Barbosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7338a1","article-title":"COVID-19-Associated hospitalizations and maternal vaccination among infants aged <6 months - COVID-NET, 12 states, October 2022-April 2024","volume":"73","author":"Havers","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-319837","article-title":"Coronavirus infection in neonates: a systematic review","volume":"106","author":"Trevisanuto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5164","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18982-9","article-title":"Synthesis and systematic review of reported neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections","volume":"11","author":"Raschetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.3390\/v14040750","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in neonates born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection (MIS-N) and in neonates and infants younger than 6 months with acquired COVID-19 (MIS-C): a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"De Rose","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101433","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in neonates (MIS-N) associated with perinatal SARS CoV-2 infection: does it exist?","volume":"28","author":"Lakshminrusimha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.0593","article-title":"Early-onset neonatal sepsis 2015 to 2017, the rise of Escherichia coli, and the need for novel prevention strategies","volume":"174","author":"Stoll","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2024-067675","article-title":"Late-onset sepsis among extremely preterm infants during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"155","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S1084-2756(03)00123-4","article-title":"Treatment and prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Neonatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.01.043","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: executive summary of a workshop","volume":"197","author":"Higgins","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201812-2348OC","article-title":"The diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants. An evidence-based approach","volume":"200","author":"Jensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02012-z","article-title":"Model for severe intracranial hemorrhage and role of early indomethacin in extreme preterm infants","volume":"92","author":"Chawla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2022.04.056","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm newborn with a history of maternal COVID-19: a case report","volume":"17","author":"Nita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib21","article-title":"Observational study on necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers","volume":"78","author":"Angelika","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02266-7","article-title":"SARS CoV-2 detected in neonatal stool remote from maternal COVID-19 during pregnancy","volume":"93","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-060876","article-title":"Viral infections and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"152","author":"Mani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-210906","article-title":"Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis due to COVID-19. A case report","volume":"16","author":"Sidatt","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neonatal Perinatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib25","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis in a 34-Week premature infant with COVID-19","volume":"2021","author":"Mannix","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2021.7326","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants born to mother with COVID-19","volume":"9","author":"Angelika","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Access Macedonian J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-023-02942-2","article-title":"Impact of fetal inflammatory response on the severity of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants","volume":"95","author":"Mir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2021.10.010","article-title":"Meta-analysis on COVID-19-pregnancy-related placental pathologies shows no specific pattern","volume":"117","author":"Suhren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.08.009","article-title":"First- or second-trimester SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent pregnancy outcomes","volume":"228","author":"Hughes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-075928","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection by trimester of pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes: a Mexican retrospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Ghosh","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.5570","article-title":"Understanding the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on infant development-the preterm problem","volume":"176","author":"Wood","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-020-01242-z","article-title":"A model of disparities: risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection","volume":"19","author":"Rozenfeld","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256891","article-title":"COVID-19 prevalence, symptoms, and sociodemographic disparities in infection among insured pregnant women in Northern California","volume":"16","author":"Ames","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.02.008","article-title":"Maternal vaccination against COVID-19 and neonatal outcomes during omicron: INTERCOVID-2022 study","volume":"231","author":"Barros","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347625003816?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347625003816?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T03:49:15Z","timestamp":1780458555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022347625003816"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0022347625003816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3476","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Maternal Coronavirus Disease 2019 Test Positivity and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Outcomes for Infants Born Extremely Preterm","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pediatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2025.114840","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114840"}}