{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T21:28:28Z","timestamp":1794000508236,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019353","name":"Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KCE-16013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KCE-16013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019353","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["843002622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["843002622"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jpeds.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T15:19:07Z","timestamp":1787584747000},"page":"115292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Long-Term Outcomes of Expectant Management versus Early Ibuprofen for Patent Ductus Arteriosus: 24-Month Follow-Up of the BeNeDuctus Trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"299","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3064-2579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wievineke M.J.","family":"Apers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5143-2845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Hundscheid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth M.W.","family":"Kooi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wes","family":"Onland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Vijlbrief","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rogier","family":"Donders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonius L.","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem P.","family":"de Boode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 A.","family":"Kroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate M.C.","family":"Swarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remco","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"van Steenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Villamor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurice J.","family":"Huizing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne M.","family":"Mulder-de Tollenaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen P.","family":"Dijkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik J.","family":"Niemarkt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"de Baat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleid G.","family":"Leemhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem B.","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"den Heijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corine","family":"Koopman-Esseboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Avino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annick","family":"Le Brun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Godart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catheline","family":"Hocq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Onnela","family":"P\u00e4ivikki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Zecic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisse","family":"Meeus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Cools","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Franckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia A.","family":"Obermann-Borst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debbie H.G.M.","family":"Nuytemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"van Overmeire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-4258","article-title":"Spontaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus in infants \u22641500 g","volume":"140","author":"Semberova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.047","article-title":"Prolonged tracheal intubation and the association between patent Ductus Arteriosus and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a secondary analysis of the PDA-TOLERATE trial","volume":"229","author":"Clyman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib3","article-title":"Interventions for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants: an overview of Cochrane Systematic Reviews","volume":"4","author":"Mitra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-022-04441-8","article-title":"Survey highlighting the lack of consensus on diagnosis and treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in prematurity","volume":"181","author":"Hundscheid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2305582","article-title":"Trial of selective early treatment of patent ductus Arteriosus with ibuprofen","volume":"390","author":"Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2207418","article-title":"Expectant management or early ibuprofen for patent ductus arteriosus","volume":"388","author":"Hundscheid","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.23330","article-title":"Expectant management vs medication for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: the PDA randomized clinical trial","volume":"335","author":"Laughon","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1159\/000442278","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age according to patent Ductus Arteriosus Management in very preterm infants","volume":"109","author":"Bourgoin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2024.105953","article-title":"Role of patent ductus arteriosus in preterms in long-term outcome","volume":"190","author":"Veldhuis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103424","article-title":"Two-year outcomes after selective early treatment of patent ductus arteriosus with ibuprofen in preterm babies: follow-up of Baby-OSCAR-a randomised controlled trial","volume":"87","author":"Gupta","year":"2025","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106283442602","article-title":"Long-term effects of indomethacin prophylaxis in extremely-low-birth-weight infants","volume":"344","author":"Schmidt","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.626261","article-title":"Conservative management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm Infants-A systematic review and meta-analyses assessing differences in outcome measures between randomized controlled trials and cohort studies","volume":"9","author":"Hundscheid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.3.485","article-title":"Outcome of children in the indomethacin intraventricular hemorrhage prevention trial","volume":"105","author":"Ment","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.12.008","article-title":"Effect of early targeted treatment of Ductus Arteriosus with ibuprofen on survival without cerebral palsy at 2 years in infants with extreme prematurity: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"233","author":"Roze","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.12.018","article-title":"Severity of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 2 and 5 years corrected age","volume":"243","author":"Katz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2006.05.002","article-title":"Definitions and diagnostic criteria for bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"30","author":"Bancalari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0204","article-title":"Impact of a physiologic definition on bronchopulmonary dysplasia rates","volume":"114","author":"Walsh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F474","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306214","article-title":"Reflections of the changes in patent ductus arteriosus management during the last 10 years","volume":"101","author":"El-Khuffash","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.5055\/jem.0911","article-title":"Inclusive approaches to emergency management: charting a path for equitable disaster resilience and leaving no one behind","volume":"23","author":"Patel","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Emerg Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.11.013","article-title":"Executive function deficit in preschool children born very low birth weight with normal early development","volume":"87","author":"Ni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.11.016","article-title":"Factors associated with neurodevelopmental impairment in bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"218","author":"Bauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-018-0173-0","article-title":"Prediction of long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants using trajectories of general movement assessments","volume":"38","author":"van Dyk","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib24","article-title":"Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants","volume":"6","author":"Mitra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-025-03820-9","article-title":"Beneficial vs harmful effects of pharmacological treatment of patent ductus arteriosus: a Bayesian meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Villamor","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347626003203?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022347626003203?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T21:04:32Z","timestamp":1793999072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022347626003203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S0022347626003203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3476","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Long-Term Outcomes of Expectant Management versus Early Ibuprofen for Patent Ductus Arteriosus: 24-Month Follow-Up of the BeNeDuctus Trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pediatrics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2026.115292","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115292"}}