{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T19:11:30Z","timestamp":1788289890661,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jpet.aspetjournals.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T08:13:06Z","timestamp":1767082386000},"page":"103695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Emerging therapies targeting lipoprotein(a): Pharmacologic advances and future directions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"392","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0787-4222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro D.","family":"Perez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Ross Joseph","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7562-3943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne M.","family":"Kom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5483-7813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shelby Tungate","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.03.009","article-title":"2019 ACC\/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"74","author":"Arnett","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R067314","article-title":"Structure, function, and genetics of lipoprotein (a)","volume":"57","author":"Schmidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.3632","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"326","author":"Miksenas","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315291","article-title":"Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a]) concentrations and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: new insights from a large national biobank","volume":"41","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12010026","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a)-the crossroads of atherosclerosis, atherothrombosis and inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Ugov\u0161ek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.10.039","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) is markedly more atherogenic than LDL: an apolipoprotein B-based genetic analysis","volume":"83","author":"Bj\u00f6rnson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.09.836","article-title":"Per-particle cardiovascular risk of lipoprotein(a) vs non-Lp(a) apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins","volume":"83","author":"Marston","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.04.013","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a), cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and vulnerable coronary plaques: a PROSPECT II substudy","volume":"85","author":"Erlinge","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.020838","article-title":"Oxidized phospholipids on lipoprotein(a) elicit arterial wall inflammation and an inflammatory monocyte response in humans","volume":"134","author":"Van der Valk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac361","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis: a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement","volume":"43","author":"Kronenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.06.019","article-title":"Ancestry, Lipoprotein(a), and cardiovascular risk thresholds: JACC review topic of the week","volume":"80","author":"Tsimikas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.07.006","article-title":"2022 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on the role of nonstatin therapies for LDL-cholesterol lowering in the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee","volume":"80","author":"Writing Committee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2024.03.001","article-title":"A focused update to the 2019 NLA scientific statement on use of lipoprotein(a) in clinical practice","volume":"18","author":"Koschinsky","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib14","first-page":"1129","article-title":"2021 Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults","volume":"37","author":"Pearson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1063","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) concentration and the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and nonvascular mortality","volume":"302","author":"Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2022.09.012","article-title":"The effect of menopause on lipoprotein (a) concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"167","author":"Anagnostis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024611","article-title":"LPA gene, ethnicity, and cardiovascular events","volume":"135","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.02.031","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) and long-term cardiovascular risk in a multi-ethnic pooled prospective cohort","volume":"83","author":"Wong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.312951","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a)-lowering by 50 mg\/dL (105 nmol\/L) may be needed to reduce cardiovascular disease 20% in secondary prevention: a population-based study","volume":"40","author":"Madsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e304","DOI":"10.1161\/ATV.0000000000000177","article-title":"Lipoprotein apheresis: utility, outcomes, and implementation in clinical practice: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"44","author":"Gianos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz310","article-title":"Statin therapy increases lipoprotein(a) levels","volume":"41","author":"Tsimikas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36204-7","article-title":"Impact of ezetimibe on plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations as monotherapy or in combination with statins: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"8","author":"Sahebkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-018-0870-1","article-title":"Effect of ezetimibe monotherapy on plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"78","author":"Awad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.08.007","article-title":"Effect of extended-release niacin on plasma lipoprotein(a) levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"65","author":"Sahebkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.09.010","article-title":"Effect of alirocumab on lipoprotein(a) over \u22651.5 years (from the phase 3 ODYSSEY program)","volume":"119","author":"Gaudet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037184","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a), PCSK9 Inhibition, and cardiovascular risk","volume":"139","author":"O\u2019Donoghue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.02.018","article-title":"Phase 2b randomized trial of the oral PCSK9 inhibitor MK-0616","volume":"81","author":"Ballantyne","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.03.499","article-title":"An oral PCSK9 inhibitor for treatment of hypercholesterolemia: the PURSUIT randomized trial","volume":"85","author":"Koren","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615758","article-title":"Inclisiran in patients at high cardiovascular risk with elevated LDL cholesterol","volume":"376","author":"Ray","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1913805","article-title":"Inclisiran for the treatment of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"382","author":"Raal","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1912387","article-title":"Two phase 3 trials of inclisiran in patients with elevated LDL cholesterol","volume":"382","author":"Ray","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00353-9","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of inclisiran in patients with high cardiovascular risk and elevated LDL cholesterol (ORION-3): results from the 4-year open-label extension of the ORION-1 trial","volume":"11","author":"Ray","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.069210","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) as a pharmacological target: premises, promises, and prospects","volume":"151","author":"Greco","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000981","article-title":"Therapeutic advances in the Lp(a) battle: what do we know and what are the most awaited novelties in the field?","volume":"36","author":"Jean-Gilles","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.01.051","article-title":"Emerging RNA therapeutics to lower blood levels of Lp(a): JACC focus seminar 2\/4","volume":"77","author":"Tsimikas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-023-00419-1","article-title":"N = 1 Collaborative. Possibilities and limitations of antisense oligonucleotide therapies for the treatment of monogenic disorders","volume":"4","author":"Lauffer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.10.052","article-title":"Antisense oligonucleotide lowers plasma levels of apolipoprotein (a) and lipoprotein (a) in transgenic mice","volume":"57","author":"Merki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R052258","article-title":"Antisense inhibition of apolipoprotein (a) to lower plasma lipoprotein (a) levels in humans","volume":"57","author":"Graham","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"10002","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61252-1","article-title":"Antisense therapy targeting apolipoprotein(a): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 study","volume":"386","author":"Tsimikas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10057","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31009-1","article-title":"Antisense oligonucleotides targeting apolipoprotein(a) in people with raised lipoprotein(a): two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trials","volume":"388","author":"Viney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1905239","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) reduction in persons with cardiovascular disease","volume":"382","author":"Tsimikas","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.70079","article-title":"siRNA-based therapeutics for lipoprotein (a) lowering: a path toward precision cardiovascular medicine","volume":"55","author":"Kanbay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16050750","article-title":"Effects of lipid-modifying and other drugs on lipoprotein(a) levels\u2014potent clinical implications","volume":"16","author":"Koutsogianni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.01.013","article-title":"Safety of antisense oligonucleotide and siRNA-based therapeutics","volume":"22","author":"Chi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01634-w","article-title":"Preclinical development and phase 1 trial of a novel siRNA targeting lipoprotein(a)","volume":"28","author":"Koren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2022.07.008","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of olpasiran in healthy Japanese and non-Japanese participants: results from a phase I, single-dose, open-label study","volume":"44","author":"Sohn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2211023","article-title":"Small interfering RNA to reduce lipoprotein(a) in cardiovascular disease","volume":"387","author":"O\u2019Donoghue","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13030436","article-title":"The effect of Dicer knockout on RNA interference using various Dicer substrate small interfering RNA (DsiRNA) structures","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.21835","article-title":"Lepodisiran, an extended-duration short interfering RNA targeting lipoprotein(a): a randomized dose-ascending clinical trial","volume":"330","author":"Nissen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2415818","article-title":"Lepodisiran - a long-duration small interfering RNA targeting lipoprotein(a)","volume":"392","author":"Nissen","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.5050","article-title":"Single ascending dose study of a short interfering RNA targeting lipoprotein(a) production in individuals with elevated plasma lipoprotein(a) levels","volume":"327","author":"Nissen","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.4504","article-title":"Single ascending and multiple-dose trial of zerlasiran, a short interfering RNA targeting lipoprotein(a): a randomized clinical trial","volume":"331","author":"Nissen","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.21957","article-title":"Zerlasiran\u2014a small-interfering RNA targeting lipoprotein(a): a phase 2 randomized clinical trial","volume":"332","author":"Nissen","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000953","article-title":"Oral agents for lowering lipoprotein(a)","volume":"35","author":"Nicholls","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"issue":"8013","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07387-z","article-title":"Discovery of potent small-molecule inhibitors of lipoprotein(a) formation","volume":"629","author":"Diaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.16503","article-title":"Muvalaplin, an oral small molecule inhibitor of lipoprotein(a) formation: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"330","author":"Nicholls","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.24017","article-title":"Oral muvalaplin for lowering of lipoprotein(a): a randomized clinical trial","volume":"333","author":"Nicholls","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04252-2","article-title":"The CRISPR tool kit for genome editing and beyond","volume":"9","author":"Adli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2022.10.009","article-title":"LPA disruption with AAV-CRISPR potently lowers plasma apo(a) in transgenic mouse model: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"27","author":"Doerfler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib63","article-title":"Abstract 17013: CTX320: an investigational in vivo CRISPR-based therapy efficiently and durably reduces lipoprotein (a) levels in non-human primates after a single dose","volume":"148","author":"Morrow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2023.01.010","article-title":"Gene editing for dyslipidemias: New tools to \u201ccut\u201d lipids","volume":"368","author":"Stankov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.1470","article-title":"Association of LPA variants with risk of coronary disease and the implications for lipoprotein(a)-lowering therapies: a Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"3","author":"Burgess","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.1041","article-title":"Estimation of the required lipoprotein(a)-lowering therapeutic effect size for reduction in coronary heart disease outcomes: a Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"4","author":"Lamina","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2405182","article-title":"Inflammation, cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and 30-year cardiovascular outcomes in women","volume":"391","author":"Ridker","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10384","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00215-5","article-title":"Inflammation and cholesterol as predictors of cardiovascular events among patients receiving statin therapy: a collaborative analysis of three randomised trials","volume":"401","author":"Ridker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.2413","article-title":"Effect of C-reactive protein on lipoprotein(a)-associated cardiovascular risk in optimally treated patients with high-risk vascular disease: a prespecified secondary analysis of the ACCELERATE trial","volume":"5","author":"Puri","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2024.5433","article-title":"Olpasiran, oxidized phospholipids, and systemic inflammatory biomarkers: results from the OCEAN(a)-DOSE trial","volume":"10","author":"Rosenson","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022356525399088?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022356525399088?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T17:44:48Z","timestamp":1772127888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022356525399088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022356525399088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Emerging therapies targeting lipoprotein(a): Pharmacologic advances and future directions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103695","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103695"}}