{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T02:50:25Z","timestamp":1788922225454,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007135","name":"University of Tennessee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007135","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jpet.aspetjournals.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:02:18Z","timestamp":1757548938000},"page":"103702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dose-dependent, opioid-induced sleep disruption is partially mediated by motor activity but not by body temperature in C57BL\/6J mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"392","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1418-9751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana Zebad\u00faa","family":"Unzaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher B.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natania W.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlie E.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2594-8968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9162-2627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"O\u2019Neil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3246-278X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua M.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2686-251X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph","family":"Lydic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0627-2448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen A.","family":"Baghdoyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7103a1","article-title":"CDC clinical practice guideline for prescribing opioids for pain \u2014 United States, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Dowell","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaf029","article-title":"Patient-reported duration of opioid analgesic use after discharge from surgical procedures or other types of acute pain: a scoping review","volume":"26","author":"Collins","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6736a2","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain among adults - United States, 2016","volume":"67","author":"Dahlhamer","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.16589","article-title":"Update on chronic pain management","volume":"55","author":"Glare","year":"2025","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.6132","article-title":"Time course of reversal of fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in healthy subjects by intramuscular nalmefene and intramuscular and intranasal naloxone","volume":"65","author":"Cipriano","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L267","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00314.2024","article-title":"Opioid-induced respiratory depression: clinical aspects and pathophysiology of the respiratory network effects","volume":"328","author":"Baldo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00017.2021","article-title":"Neuronal mechanisms underlying opioid-induced respiratory depression: our current understanding","volume":"125","author":"Ramirez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202108-2014CI","article-title":"Opioid use disorder, sleep deficiency, and ventilatory control: bidirectional mechanisms and therapeutic targets","volume":"206","author":"Eckert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-025-00618-x","article-title":"The dynorphin\/-opioid receptor system at the interface of hyperalgesia\/hyperkatifeia and addiction","volume":"12","author":"Marchette","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Addict Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2024-0281","article-title":"The addictive process of opioids: current and novel interventions in opioid use disorder","volume":"103","author":"Duerksen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-024-01041-w","article-title":"Groundbreaking research from NIDA addressing the challenges of the opioid epidemic","volume":"21","author":"Volkow","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.119.119107","article-title":"Bidirectional relationship between opioids and disrupted sleep: putative mechanisms","volume":"98","author":"Eacret","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib13","series-title":"Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine","first-page":"510","article-title":"Opioid actions on sleep and breathing","author":"Lydic","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa224","article-title":"Residual, differential neurobehavioral deficits linger after multiple recovery nights following chronic sleep restriction or acute total sleep deprivation","volume":"44","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2009.10.020","article-title":"Sleep disturbance as a universal risk factor for relapse in addictions to psychoactive substances","volume":"74","author":"Brower","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104832","article-title":"Sleep loss and addiction","volume":"141","author":"L\u00f3pez-Muci\u00f1o","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173153","article-title":"Sleep and alertness disturbance and substance use disorders: a bi-directional relation","volume":"203","author":"Roehrs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76934-1","article-title":"Experimental sleep disruption attenuates morphine analgesia: findings from a randomized trial and implications for the opioid abuse epidemic","volume":"10","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2022.02.010","article-title":"Effects of sleep deficiency on risk, course, and treatment of psychopathology","volume":"43","author":"Atwood","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib20","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation delays wound healing in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes","volume":"41","author":"McLain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.12788\/cutis.0723","article-title":"Dermatologic implications of sleep deprivation in the US military","volume":"111","author":"Anderson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.08.007","article-title":"The association of sleep and pain: an update and a path forward","volume":"14","author":"Finan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.2.145","article-title":"Sleep loss and REM sleep loss are hyperalgesic","volume":"29","author":"Roehrs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181f56248","article-title":"Disrupted sleep and delayed recovery from chronic peripheral neuropathy are distinct phenotypes in a rat model of metabolic syndrome","volume":"113","author":"Muncey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12571","article-title":"GABAergic transmission in rat pontine reticular formation regulates the induction phase of anesthesia and modulates hyperalgesia caused by sleep deprivation","volume":"40","author":"Vanini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93560-7","article-title":"Pain sensitivity increases with sleep disturbance under predictable chronic mild stress in mice","volume":"11","author":"Dalanon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu137","article-title":"Opioid-induced hyperalgesia in patients after surgery: a systematic review and a meta-analysis","volume":"112","author":"Fletcher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2015.03.006","article-title":"Sleep and pain: summary of the 2015 Sleep in America Poll","volume":"1","author":"Knutson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0439-z","article-title":"Sleep deficiency and chronic pain: potential underlying mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"45","author":"Haack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsae030","article-title":"A matter of fragmentation","volume":"47","author":"Thomas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.6.9904008","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation, awake blood pressure, and sleep-disordered breathing in a population-based study","volume":"162","author":"Morrell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-00964-y","article-title":"Macro and micro sleep architecture and cognitive performance in older adults","volume":"5","author":"Djonlagic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"issue":"6583","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abh3021","article-title":"Hyperexcitable arousal circuits drive sleep instability during aging","volume":"375","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s41105-024-00544-x","article-title":"Treatment of insomnia associated with alcohol and opioid use: a narrative review","volume":"22","author":"Akinnusi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2021.03.006","article-title":"At the intersection of sleep deficiency and opioid use: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"234","author":"Greenwald","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244050","article-title":"Brain \u03bc and \u03b4 opioid receptors mediate different locomotor hyperactivity responses of the C57BL\/6J mouse","volume":"101","author":"Mickley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2019.03.023","article-title":"Opioid-like antinociceptive and locomotor effects of emerging fentanyl-related substances","volume":"151","author":"Varshneya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00711.2020","article-title":"Respiratory effects of low and high doses of fentanyl in control and \u03b2-arrestin 2-deficient mice","volume":"125","author":"Haouzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.121.001045","article-title":"Role of efficacy as a determinant of locomotor activation by mu opioid receptor ligands in female and male mice","volume":"382","author":"Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2022.173496","article-title":"Structurally diverse fentanyl analogs yield differential locomotor activities in mice","volume":"222","author":"Varshneya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00507.2024","article-title":"Machine learning and confirmatory factor analysis show that buprenorphine alters motor and anxiety-like behaviors in male, female, and obese C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"133","author":"Sharma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00266.2021","article-title":"Opioids cause dissociated states of consciousness in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"126","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-022-06200-x","article-title":"A role for the circadian transcription factor NPAS2 in the progressive loss of non-rapid eye movement sleep and increased arousal during fentanyl withdrawal in male mice","volume":"239","author":"Gamble","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2024.09.016","article-title":"Dopamine D2 receptors in the accumbal core region mediates the effects of fentanyl on sleep-wakefulness","volume":"560","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.037655","article-title":"Functional effects of systemically administered agonists and antagonists of \u03bc, \u03b4, and \u03ba opioid receptor subtypes on body temperature in mice","volume":"302","author":"Baker","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)32056-2","article-title":"Opiates and thermoregulation in mice. I. Agonists","volume":"213","author":"Rosow","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2023.101096","article-title":"Focus on fentanyl in females: sex and gender differences in the physiological and behavioral effects of fentanyl","volume":"71","author":"Little","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140248","article-title":"Systems pharmacology to predict drug toxicity: Integration across levels of biological organization","volume":"53","author":"Bai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000697","article-title":"Sleep and pain: a systematic review of studies of mediation","volume":"35","author":"Whibley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.026","article-title":"Influence of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum on risk avoidance in addiction: a mediation analysis","volume":"149","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib51","article-title":"The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research","volume":"18","author":"Percie du Sert","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1998.tb01478.x","article-title":"Aspects on tail-flick, hot-plate and electrical stimulation tests for morphine antinociception","volume":"83","author":"G\u00e5rdmark","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.124316","article-title":"Thermal latency studies in opiate-treated mice","volume":"6","author":"Schildhaus","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.09.012","article-title":"Leptin status alters buprenorphine-induced antinociception in obese mice with dysfunctional leptin receptors","volume":"660","author":"Glovak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib55","series-title":"Paxinos and Franklin\u2019s The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib56","series-title":"Clinical Trials: A Methodologic Perspective","author":"Piantadosi","year":"1997"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12301","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1119-10.2010","article-title":"GABAA receptors in the pontine reticular formation of C57BL\/6J mouse modulate neurochemical, electrographic, and behavioral phenotypes of wakefulness","volume":"30","author":"Flint","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002073","article-title":"Buprenorphine depresses respiratory variability in obese mice with altered leptin signaling","volume":"128","author":"Angel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0980-9","article-title":"Within-subject mediation analysis for experimental data in cognitive psychology and neuroscience","volume":"50","author":"Vuorre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2023.171002","article-title":"Peripheral vs. core body temperature as hypocretin\/orexin neurons degenerate: exercise mitigates increased heat loss","volume":"164","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib61","first-page":"64","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation differentially modifies EEG delta power during slow wave sleep in socially isolated and paired mice","volume":"2","author":"Ramesh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2006.03.006","article-title":"Opioids, sleep architecture and sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib63","first-page":"33","article-title":"The effect of opioids on sleep architecture","volume":"3","author":"Dimsdale","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.6.677","article-title":"Acute intravenous administration of morphine perturbs sleep architecture in healthy pain-free young adults: a preliminary study","volume":"28","author":"Shaw","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.08.005","article-title":"Sleep duration versus sleep insufficiency as predictors of cardiometabolic health outcomes","volume":"13","author":"Altman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968320929669","article-title":"Sleep disruption after brain injury is associated with worse motor outcomes and slower functional recovery","volume":"34","author":"Fleming","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib67","first-page":"140","article-title":"Crosstalk between sleep disturbance and opioid use disorder: a narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Fathi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000477","article-title":"Sleep disturbance as a therapeutic target to improve opioid use disorder treatment","volume":"30","author":"Huhn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0619-x","article-title":"Repurposing the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant for the treatment of opioid use disorder: why sleep on this any longer?","volume":"45","author":"James","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.06.012","article-title":"Opioids and sleep - a review of literature","volume":"67","author":"Tripathi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s40675-020-00189-5","article-title":"Antidepressants and their impact on sleep","volume":"6","author":"Dhuna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Sleep Med Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.7.909","article-title":"Benzodiazepine receptor agonists cause drug-specific and state-specific alterations in EEG power and acetylcholine release in rat pontine reticular formation","volume":"33","author":"Hambrecht-Wiedbusch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2010.08.002","article-title":"Drug-related sleep stage changes: functional significance and clinical relevance","volume":"5","author":"Roehrs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3109\/07420529409055899","article-title":"Rapid decline in body temperature before sleep: fluffing the physiological pillow?","volume":"11","author":"Campbell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"4475","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7434029","article-title":"Human sleep: Its duration and organization depend on its circadian phase","volume":"210","author":"Czeisler","year":"1980","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4264","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1126\/science.973138","article-title":"Central nervous regulation of body temperature during sleep","volume":"194","author":"Glotzbach","year":"1976","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1139\/z88-008","article-title":"Sleep and hypometabolism","volume":"66","author":"Heller","year":"1988","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.03.007","article-title":"Effect of environmental temperature on sleep, locomotor activity, core body temperature and immune responses of C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"21","author":"Jhaveri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.02.022","article-title":"Regulation of body temperature by the nervous system","volume":"98","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2015.03.001","article-title":"Integration of body temperature into the analysis of energy expenditure in the mouse","volume":"4","author":"Abreu-Vieira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E681","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00615.2013","article-title":"Regulation of body temperature and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis by bombesin receptor subtype-3","volume":"306","author":"Lateef","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0035-23.2023","article-title":"Fentanyl-induced respiratory depression and locomotor hyperactivity are mediated by \u03bc-opioid receptors expressed in somatostatin-negative neurons","volume":"10","author":"Furdui","year":"2023","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.122.001182","article-title":"Delta opioid receptor-mediated antidepressant-like effects of diprenorphine in mice","volume":"384","author":"Olson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib84","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology","first-page":"1","article-title":"Motor activity and stereotypy","author":"Fowler","year":"2010"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2005.05.008","article-title":"Differential effects of two types of environmental novelty on activity and sleep in BALB\/cJ and C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"85","author":"Tang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)28807-3","article-title":"Effects of narcotic analgesics upon the locomotor activity and brain catecholamine content of the mouse","volume":"176","author":"Rethy","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103834","article-title":"Buprenorphine differentially alters breathing among four congenic mouse lines as a function of dose, sex, and leptin status","volume":"297","author":"Glovak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31822e9f85","article-title":"Buprenorphine disrupts sleep and decreases adenosine concentrations in sleep-regulating brain regions of Sprague Dawley rat","volume":"115","author":"Gauthier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000539","article-title":"Assessment of subjective sleep problems in men with opioid dependence maintained on buprenorphine","volume":"14","author":"Tripathi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2022.0099","article-title":"Variation in estimated surgical procedure times across patient characteristics and surgeon specialty","volume":"157","author":"Crespin","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13163","article-title":"Factors affecting the duration of anesthesia and surgery of canine and feline gonadectomies performed by veterinary students in a year-long preclinical surgery laboratory","volume":"48","author":"Shaver","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib92","article-title":"Fentanyl, but not morphine, increases cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) delta power during wakefulness in C57BL\/6J (B6) mice","volume":"35","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1960.tb00277.x","article-title":"The anatomical basis of the Straub phenomenon","volume":"15","author":"Bilbey","year":"1960","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.08.014","article-title":"Morphine-induced Straub tail reaction in mice treated with serotonergic compounds","volume":"791","author":"Belozertseva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.919773","article-title":"Opioid receptor-mediated regulation of neurotransmission in the brain","volume":"15","author":"Reeves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101592","article-title":"Importance of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system in sleep-wake regulation: implications for aging and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"62","author":"Van Egroo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-0360-9","article-title":"Locus coeruleus: a new look at the blue spot","volume":"21","author":"Poe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.745689","article-title":"Circuits for state-dependent modulation of locomotion","volume":"15","author":"Pern\u00eda-Andrade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15573","article-title":"The anomalous pharmacology of fentanyl","volume":"180","author":"Kelly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63912-7.00020-5","article-title":"Body temperature and sleep","volume":"156","author":"Szymusiak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2021.tb00151.x","article-title":"Thermoregulation and sleep: functional interaction and central nervous control","volume":"11","author":"Cerri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsae090","article-title":"Pathogenesis of sleep-disordered breathing in the setting of opioid use: a multiple mediation analysis using physiology","volume":"47","author":"Orr","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022356525402158?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022356525402158?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T18:57:25Z","timestamp":1761850645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022356525402158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022356525402158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dose-dependent, opioid-induced sleep disruption is partially mediated by motor activity but not by body temperature in C57BL\/6J mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpet.2025.103702","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103702"}}