{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:58:59Z","timestamp":1777589939494,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]],"date-time":"2014-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen)","award":["091257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["091257"]}]},{"name":"Special Research Fund (BOF) of Ghent University to Lien Taevernier","award":["01D23812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01D23812"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]],"date-time":"2014-01-08T01:16:10Z","timestamp":1389143770000},"page":"303-315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Risk evaluation of impurities in topical excipients: The acetol case"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Jente","family":"Boonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lieselotte","family":"Veryser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lien","family":"Taevernier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathelijne","family":"Peremans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Burvenich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"De Spiegeleer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib1","unstructured":"European Pharmacopoeia 7.5. ed., 2012; 01\/20012:1000 General notices. European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and Healthcare, Strassbourg, France, 2010\u20132013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.2174\/092986706778201648","article-title":"Drug excipients","volume":"13","author":"Kalasz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib3","unstructured":"EMA, ICH Topic Q3C (R4) Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents Step 5, CPMP\/ICH\/283\/95, 2009. \u3008http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/Scientific_guideline\/2009\/09\/WC500002674.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib4","unstructured":"EMA, Guideline on excipients in the dossier for application for marketing authorisation of a medicinal product. EMEA\/CHMP\/QWP\/396951\/2006, 2006. \u3008http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/Scientific_guideline\/2009\/09\/WC500003428.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib5","series-title":"Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients","author":"Rowe","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib6","series-title":"Guidance Document for the Conduct of Skin Absorption Studies","author":"OECD","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib7","unstructured":"B. De Spiegeleer, B. Baert, V. Vergote, et al., Development of system suitability tests for in vitro skin integrity control: impedance and capacitance, in: The Eleventh International Perspectives in Percutaneous Penetration Conference, STS Publishing, La Grande Motte, 2008, pp. 43."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.06.012","article-title":"Human skin penetration of selected model mycotoxins","volume":"301","author":"Boonen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib9","unstructured":"ECETOC, Monograph Report No. 20 Percutaneous Absorption, European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Brussels, 1993. \u3008http:\/\/www.ecetoc.org\/monographs\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2007.10.022","article-title":"Quantitation of acetol in common pharmaceutical excipients using LC-MS","volume":"46","author":"Beilin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1039\/an9507500406","article-title":"The determination of the future of propylene glycol","volume":"75","author":"Middleton","year":"1950","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2005.10.084","article-title":"Detection and quantification of low-molecular-weight aldehydes in pharmaceutical excipients by headspace gas chromatography","volume":"1104","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib13","first-page":"121","article-title":"Removal of PAHs from n-paraffin by modified clinoptilolite","volume":"26","author":"Faghihian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(81)90110-8","article-title":"Evaluation of the potential carcinogenicity of paraffins for medicinal and cosmetic uses\u2014determination of polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons","volume":"17","author":"Monarca","year":"1981","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib15","first-page":"42","article-title":"Effect of impurities upon the rate of dehydrogenation of normal-paraffins","volume":"24","author":"Sadykhova","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pet. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2005.12.033","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of formic acid and formaldehyde in pharmaceutical excipients using headspace GUMS","volume":"41","author":"del Barrio","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20726","article-title":"Evaluation of hydroperoxides in common pharmaceutical excipients","volume":"96","author":"Wasylaschuk","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib18","series-title":"Polyethylene Glycol Purity, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Packing Sourcer (PMPS)","author":"Langley","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1134\/S1070427210110315","article-title":"Minimization of negative phenomena arising at rectification of reactive mixtures","volume":"83","author":"Leont\u2019ev","year":"2010","journal-title":"Russ J. Appl. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00452.x","article-title":"Sensitization to petrolatum: an unusual cause of false-positive drug patch-tests","volume":"59","author":"Ulrich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib21","unstructured":"Process Evaluation\/Research Planning Program, Acrylic Acid (00\/01-7). 2011, \u3008http:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/zanran_storage\/www.chemsystems.com\/ContentPages\/1384363129.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib22","unstructured":"U. Schoerken, D. Melchior, J. Seifert, et al., Process for producing glycerol having low aldehyde and ketone content and improved storage stability, U.S. Patent US2008\/0033131 A1, 2007. \u3008http:\/\/www.freepatentsonline.com\/y2008\/0033191.html\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2210325","article-title":"A case of spurious product formation during attempted resynthesis of proteins by reverse proteolysis\u2014some batches of pure glycerol contain cross-linking agents","volume":"221","author":"Proudfoot","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00921.x","article-title":"A case of contact dermatitis due to impurities of cetyl alcohol","volume":"36","author":"Komamura","year":"1997","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-7085(02)00658-1","article-title":"Radiolysis characterization of cetostearyl alcohol by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry","volume":"31","author":"Hong","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(02)00019-5","article-title":"Trace level determination of organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides in lanolin using gel permeation chromatography followed by dual gas chromatography and gas chromatography\u2013negative chemical ionization mass spectrometric confirmation","volume":"950","author":"Jover","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2003.11.007","article-title":"Concerning the stability of benzyl alcohol: formation of benzaldehyde dibenzyl acetal under aerobic conditions","volume":"34","author":"Abend","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib28","series-title":"Ullmann\u2032s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry","article-title":"Benzyl alcohol","author":"Bruhne","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib29","unstructured":"FFCR, The Japan Food Chemical Research Foundation: Benzoic acid monograph, 2011. \u3008http:\/\/www.ffcr.or.jp\/zaidan\/ffcrhome.nsf\/7bd44c20b0dc562649256502001b65e9\/916cae3da5a8a11b49256f320018877f\/$FILE\/D039.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1191\/0748233701th092oa","article-title":"Dermal exposure assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: in vitro percutaneous penetration from coal dust","volume":"17","author":"Sartorelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib31","unstructured":"EC, Opinion on the results of the Risk Assessment of Methyl oxirane (propylene oxide)\u2014Human health and Environment, EINECS No. 200-879-2, Brussels, 2001. \u3008http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/scientific_committees\/environmental_risks\/opinions\/sctee\/sct_out102_en.htm\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib32","unstructured":"CERI, Hazard Assessment Report: Acetaldehyde, CAS No. 75-07-0, 2007. \u3008http:\/\/www.cerij.or.jp\/ceri_en\/hazard_assessment_report\/pdf\/en_75_07_0.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.4236\/jep.2011.24042","article-title":"Preliminary risk assessment posed by formaldehyde residues in clothing to vietnamese consumers","volume":"2","author":"Van Nam","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3109\/10408444.2010.530224","article-title":"Dermal absorption of benzene in occupational settings: Estimating flux and applications for risk assessment","volume":"41","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib35","unstructured":"EPA, Pesticide Fact Sheet, Furfural, Code 043301, Office of Prevention, Pesticide and Toxic Substance (7501P), Cranford, 2006. \u3008http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/opp00001\/chem_search\/reg_actions\/registration\/fs_PC-043301_01-Sep-06.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib36","unstructured":"S. Uuksulainen, R. Riala, T. Santonen, et al., Development of Initial Reach Exposure Scenarios for Methanol, 105338, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, 2008. \u3008http:\/\/www.ttl.fi\/en\/publications\/Electronic_publications\/Documents\/Methanol.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib37","series-title":"Acrolein International Chemical Assessment Document 43","author":"Gomes","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib38","unstructured":"SCCS, Opinion on Dihydroxyacetone, SCCS\/1347\/10, European Commission, Brussels, 2010, \u3008http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/scientific_committees\/consumer_safety\/docs\/sccs_o_048.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib39","unstructured":"EU, European Union Risk Assessment Report: Phenol, CAS No. 108-95-2, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Dortmund, 2006, \u3008http:\/\/esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/doc\/risk_assessment\/REPORT\/phenolreport060.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.08.002","article-title":"Hydroquinone PBPK model refinement and application to dermal exposure","volume":"48","author":"Poet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib41","unstructured":"OSHA, Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for 4-methoxyphenol, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1988, \u3008https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/dts\/chemicalsampling\/data\/CH_250960.html\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib42","unstructured":"OECD, SIDS Initial Assessment Report for SIAM 16 m-\/p-cresol, Paris, 2003, \u3008http:\/\/www.inchem.org\/documents\/sids\/sids\/m-p-cresols.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib43","unstructured":"OECD, SIDS Initial Assessment Report for SIAM 20 Phthalic anhydride, Paris, 2005, \u3008http:\/\/www.inchem.org\/documents\/sids\/sids\/85449.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib44","series-title":"Illustrated Dictionary of Organic Chemistry, Allylchloride","author":"Cooper","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib45","unstructured":"EPA, Ethylene Oxide, in: T.T.N.A.T.W. Site (Ed.), 2000, \u3008http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ttnatw01\/hlthef\/ethylene.html\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(97)00016-1","article-title":"Human skin in vitro percutaneous absorption of gaseous ethylene oxide from fabric","volume":"35","author":"Wester","year":"1997","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2003.10.025","article-title":"Penetration enhancers","volume":"56","author":"Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib48","first-page":"215","article-title":"An attempt to clarify the influence of glycerol, propylene glycol, isopropyl myristate and a combination of propylene glycol and isopropyl myristate on human stratum corneum","volume":"60","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-007-9416-z","article-title":"An integrated pharmacokinetic and imaging evaluation of vehicle effects on solute human epidermal flux and, retention characteristics","volume":"25","author":"Winckle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib50","unstructured":"USP: United States Pharmacopeia, 2013; (1197) Good Distribution Practices for Bulk Pharmaceutical Excipients. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. Rockville, MD, USA, 2012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib51","unstructured":"P. Taylor, Excipients facing new regulation in EU, CHEManager Europe 5-6\/2010, in: IPEC (Ed.), 2010, \u3008http:\/\/www.ipec-europe.org\/UPLOADS\/2010June_CHEM_Manager.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib52","unstructured":"L.A. Johnson, J&J will remove dangerous chemicals from products by 2015, in: USA Today, New York, 2012, \u3008http:\/\/usatoday30.usatoday.com\/money\/industries\/retail\/story\/2012-08-15\/johnson-and-johnson-chemicals\/57065286\/1\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(87)90016-9","article-title":"Desmutagenic effect of alpha-dicarbonyl and alpha-hydroxycarbonyl compounds against mutagenic heterocyclic amines","volume":"177","author":"Kim","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(85)90204-0","article-title":"Naturally-occurring carbonyl-compounds are mutagens in Salmonella tester strain TA104","volume":"148","author":"Marnett","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib55","first-page":"849","article-title":"Mutagenicity of trioses and methyl glyoxal on Salmonella typhimurium","volume":"46","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"1982","journal-title":"Agric. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib56","first-page":"2461","article-title":"Mutagenicity of and formation of oxygen radicals by trioses and glyoxal derivatives","volume":"47","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Agric. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF), Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 92 (FGE.92): consideration of aliphatic acyclic diols, triols, and related substances evaluated by JECFA (68th meeting) structurally related to aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones evaluated by EFSA in FGE.10Rev1(2009), EFSA Journal 8(9) (2010) 1453.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2010.1453"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(76)80522-6","article-title":"Estimation of toxic hazard a decision tree approach","volume":"16","author":"Cramer","year":"1978","journal-title":"Food Cosmet. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA Scientific Committee, Scientific Opinion on Exploring options for providing advice about possible human health risks based on the concept of Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC), EFSA Journal 10(7) (2012) 2750.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2750"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.06.021","article-title":"Application of the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) to the safety evaluation of cosmetic ingredients","volume":"45","author":"Kroes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.0943","article-title":"Expression and localization of human alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes in skin","volume":"261","author":"Cheung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib62","series-title":"Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment","first-page":"89","article-title":"Chapter 6: Cutaneous metabolism","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(89)90159-2","article-title":"Maintenance of skin viability during invitro percutaneous absorption-metabolism studies","volume":"99","author":"Collier","year":"1989","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib64","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency, Dermal Exposure Assessment: A Summary of EPA Approaches, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, 2007, \u3008http:\/\/cfpub.epa.gov\/ncea\/cfm\/recordisplay.cfm?deid=183584\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib65","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency, Exposure Factors Handbook, Washington DC, 1997, \u3008http:\/\/cfpub.epa.gov\/si\/si_public_record_Report.cfm?dirEntryId=12464&CFID=147746245&CFTOKEN=71467987&jsessionid=4e3047f7de842eb30be02041a13355555823\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib66","first-page":"383","article-title":"Skin penetration enhancing effect of the plant N-alkylamide spilanthol","volume":"34","author":"De Spiegeleer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.03.076","article-title":"Skin penetration enhancing properties of the plant N-alkylamide spilanthol","volume":"148","author":"De Spiegeleer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2007.05.006","article-title":"Formulation development of transdermal dosage forms: Quantitative structure-activity relationship model for predicting activities of terpenes that enhance drug penetration through human skin","volume":"120","author":"Kang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.2174\/156720112800234567","article-title":"Natural oils as skin permeation enhancers for transdermal delivery of olanzapine: in vitro and in vivo evaluation","volume":"9","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.4314\/tjpr.v6i1.14641","article-title":"Modified transdermal technologies: breaking the barriers of drug permeation via the skin","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop. J. Pharm. Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095177913001512?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095177913001512?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T21:27:13Z","timestamp":1761859633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2095177913001512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S2095177913001512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["2095-1779"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2095-1779","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk evaluation of impurities in topical excipients: The acetol case","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpha.2013.12.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Xi'an Jiaotong University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}