{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T17:52:01Z","timestamp":1779385921529,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013076","name":"National Major Science and Technology Projects of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017ZX09101001-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX09101001-007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T12:38:16Z","timestamp":1624624696000},"page":"481-488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Discussion on the dimerization reaction of penicillin antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2204-0981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qizhang","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changqin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.107.4.1175","article-title":"Univalent arsanilic acid derivatives as elicitors of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis","volume":"107","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1971","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005_bib2","first-page":"527","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of the amounts and the antigenicity of polymeric materials formed in aqueous solution by some \u03b2-lactam antibiotics","volume":"21","author":"Smith","year":"1971","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/232045a0","article-title":"Polymers formed by some beta-lactam antibiotics","volume":"232","author":"Smith","year":"1971","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005_bib4","first-page":"9","article-title":"Polymerization of penicillins: kinetics and mechanism of di- and polymerization of ampicillin in aqueous solution","volume":"13","author":"Bundgaard","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Suec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005_bib5","first-page":"47","article-title":"Polymerization of penicillins. II. Kinetics and mechanism of dimerization and self-catalyzed hydrolysis of amoxycillin in aqueous solution","volume":"14","author":"Bundgaard","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Suec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005_bib6","first-page":"67","article-title":"Polymerization of penicillins. III. Structural effects influencing rate of dimerization of amino-penicillins in aqueous solution","volume":"14","author":"Bundgaard","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Suec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)93770-1","article-title":"Polymerization of penicillins. IV. Separation, isolation and characterization of ampicillin polymers formed in aqueous solution","volume":"132","author":"Bundgaard","year":"1977","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005_bib8","series-title":"European Pharmacopoeia","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005_bib9","series-title":"The United States Pharmacopoeia, USP37-NF32","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2006.10.004","article-title":"Identification and characterization of degradation products of dicloxacillin in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage forms","volume":"43","author":"Raj","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005_bib11","series-title":"Introduction to Computational Chemistry","author":"Jensen","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005_bib12","series-title":"Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2174\/1573412911309020004","article-title":"Characterization of impurities in cefdinir bulk material by online column-switching liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Pharmaceut. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5648","DOI":"10.1063\/1.464913","article-title":"Density-functional thermochemistry. III. The role of exact exchange","volume":"98","author":"Becke","year":"1993","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11623","DOI":"10.1021\/j100096a001","article-title":"Ab initio calculation of vibrational absorption and circular dichroism spectra using density functional force fields","volume":"98","author":"Stephens","year":"1994","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.1058","article-title":"6-31G\u2217 basis set for third-row atoms","volume":"22","author":"Rassolov","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Comput. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1021\/ar00072a001","article-title":"The path of chemical reactions - the IRC approach","volume":"14","author":"Fukui","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00706-009-0181-z","article-title":"Theoretical investigation of the intermolecular H-bonding and proton transfer in cytosine assisted by water and methanol","volume":"140","author":"Shterev","year":"2009","journal-title":"Montash. Chem."}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095177921000654?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095177921000654?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T21:32:33Z","timestamp":1761859953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2095177921000654"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2095177921000654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["2095-1779"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2095-1779","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Discussion on the dimerization reaction of penicillin antibiotics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.06.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}